Ergogenic Effect of Sodium Phosphate Intake in Physically Active Subjects

Este estudio pretende evaluar los efectos de la ingesta de fosfato sódico a corto plazo, sobre la composición corporal, serie roja y parámetros ergoespirométricos máximos y submáximos. A una muestra de 20 sujetos físicamente activos, separados en dos grupos, se les suministró fosfato sódico durante 7 días (50 mg/kg masa magra) o placebo. Ambos grupos realizaron una prueba de esfuerzo incremental máxima en cicloergómetro, siguiendo el protocolo Fatmax, se les determinó la composición corporal y se les realizó un hemograma antes y después de la suplementación. En el grupo experimental, se observó una disminución en el peso e índice de masa corporal (IMC), un aumento en la potencia máxima alcanzada y una mejor eficiencia energética en la zona Fatmax. No se observaron cambios en parámetros hematológicos. Estos resultados pueden atribuir un efecto ergogénico al fosfato sódico en actividades aeróbicas y aquellas donde el peso corporal influya en el rendimientoThis study aims to evaluate the effects of short-term sodium phosphate intake upon body composition, haemogram, maximal ergospirometer parameters and submaximal ones in the maximal fat oxidation zone (Fatmax). 20 active subjects participated in this study randomly divided into two groups: The experimental group which ingested sodium phosphate for 7 days (50 mg/kg lean mass) and the placebo group. Both performed an incremental maximal cycle ergo meter test following the Fatmax protocol, body composition assessment and blood analysis (CBC) before and after the supplementation period. In the experimental group, phosphate supplementation produced a decrease in weight and body mass index (BMI), an increase in maximal power output and it also improved energy efficiency in the Fatmax zone. No changes were observed in the parameters listed in the CBC. These results may attribute an ergogenic effect of sodium phosphate in aerobic activities and sports where body weight is considered to be an important factor for performanceEsta investigación fue financiada por el Gobierno de Extremadura. Grupo de Investigación CTS-03

Estrogens (β-Estradiol) and testosterone hormones, as responsible factors for changes in lipid profile and body composition in male elite athletes

Introduction The practice of physical activity and a balanced diet have been identified as strategies to acquire cardiovascular benefits. This study attends to determinate the changes in hormones, testosterone (T) and estrogen (E2) levels, as a result of regular practice, vigorous physical activity and its influence on body composition and lipid profiles in male athletes, since this gender has a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Methods In this study where recruited 42 male participants 20 of them professional soccer players (SG) (age 15-28 years) and as control group 22 students (CG) with sedentary lifestyle (aged 18-28 years). The SG workout two times a day, 4 times a week (duration between 60 and 90 minutes each), and competing in football match`s at the weekend. The SG is also subject to a medical diet control. Anthropometric evaluation body composition and clinical analysis where used to determinate the lipid profile and the hormone levels. IPAQ in CG Results There were significant differences between groups (SG minor than CG) mainly in abdominal, subscapular and thigh skinfolds; hips and waist circumference; in the lipid profile the total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL- C levels. On the levels of T and E2 CG values were minor than SG one’s. We noticed a strong correlation between physical activity level and the T concentration and significant increase among the E2 levels with exercise.There`s a strong correlation between the increase of T levels and the reduction of subscapular, abdominal skinfolds and waist circumference. Discussion The results of the present study suggest that vigorous physical activity have improved the body composition, particularly in the reduction of central fat mass, in the SG and there lipid profile by increasing the T levels. The findings support that individuals who practice vigorous physical activity in a relation of "dose-effect" acquire additional benefits which reduces the risk of mortality (Teramoto et al 2009; Tompson et al 2007)

Modificaciones de la composición corporal de mujeres pre y posmenopáusicas sometidas a un programa de aeróbic

La menopausia implica una serie de modificaciones hormonales y un aumento del número de trastornos, como puede ser la mayor tendencia a la obesidad, que repercuten negativamente en la salud de la mujer pre y posmenopáusica. El objetivo que nos proponemos es describir las modificaciones de la composición corporal que sufren grupos de mujeres pre y posmenopáusicas tras realizar un programa de aeróbic

Urinary steroid profile after the completion of concentric and concentric/eccentric trials with the same total workload

High intensity strength training causes changes in steroid hormone concentra- tions. This could be altered by the muscular contraction type: eccentric or concen- tric. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the completion of a short con- centric (CON) and concentric/eccentric (CON/ECC) trial on the urinary steroid profile, both with the same total work. 18 males performed the trials on an isokinet- ic dynamometer (BIODEX III) exercising quadriceps muscles, right and left, on dif- ferent days. Trial 1(CON): 4x10 Concentric knee extension + relax knee flexion, speed 60o/second; rest 90 seconds between each series and 4 minutes between each leg exercise. Trial 2(CON/ECC): 4x5 concentric knee extension + Eccentric knee flex- ion under similar conditions. Urine samples were taken before the exercise and one hour after finishing it. Androsterone, Etiocholanolone, DHEA, Androstenedione, Testosterone, Epitestosterone, Dehydrotestosterone, Estrone, B-Estradiol, Tetrahy- drocortisone, Tetrahydrocortisol, Cortisone and Cortisol (free, glucoconjugated and sulfoconjugated) urinary values were determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques. No significant differences were noted in Total Work and Average Peak Torque, although Maximum Peak Torque in the CON/ECC trial was higher than in the CON trial. These results demonstrate no changes in the steroid profile before and after trials, or when comparing CON to CON/ECC trials. The data suggest that eccentric contractions do not cause hormonal changes different to the ones produced by concentric contractions, when they are performed in strength short trials with the same total workload

Serum and urinary concentrations of arsenic, beryllium, cadmium and lead after an aerobic training period of six months in aerobic athletes and sedentary people

Aim:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible effect of a period of 6 months of aerobic physicaltraining on serum and urinary concentrations of arsenic (As), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), potentiallytoxic minerals.Methods:Twenty-four well-trained, long distance runners (AG), were recruited at the start of their training period.They had been performing training regularly for the previous 2 years, recording an average volume of 120 km perweek of rigorous aerobic exercise aimed at high-level competitions (1500 and 5000 m race modalities). Twenty-sixuntrained, sedentary participants constituted the control group (CG). All participants had been living in the samegeographic area for at least 2 years before the start of the survey. Serum and urine samples were obtained fromeach participant at the beginning and at the end of the 6 months of the training program. The values of eachmineral were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Additionally, the daily intakeof each mineral was evaluated at both moments in time.Results:The daily concentrations of trace elements in the diet were similar at the start and the end of the trainingperiod without differences between groups. In serum, significant differences between groups were observed in As,Cd and Pb (p< 0.05). Attending to time effects, a significant difference was obtained in Pb (p< 0.05). In urine,significant differences between groups were obtained in all minerals (p< 0.05). According to training period,significant differences were observed in As, Be and Pb (p< 0.05). Finally, the group x time interaction revealedsignificant differences in As and Be (p< 0.05).Conclusions:Aerobic training may constitute a possibly effective method for increasing the elimination of Cd andPb potentially toxic minerals from the body, especially among highly trained individuals

Correction to: Influence of physical trainingon erythrocyte concentrations of iron,phosphorus and magnesium

The original article [1] contains an error in Table 4whereby values are incorrectly displayed due to a mis-placed separator. The correct version of Table4 can beviewed ahead in this Correction articl

Effects of a physical activity program on depression parameters in postmenopausal women

Aim: The aim of this survey was to meet the exercise-induced psychological modifications in postmenopausal women. Method: 30 postmenopausal women (54,00 ± 5,6 years) participated in this survey, they were classified in two groups: Depression Group (DG) (n=15) and Control Group (CG) (n=15). The program of physical activity had a duration of 6 months and consisted of low to moderate physical exercises (50-60% of the maximal hearth rate of reserve) and with a weekly frequency of 4 days. Results: the obtained results showed no improvement in the depression indexes, however a positive trend in the parameters of depression has been observed. Conclusion: results indicate that regular, systematic low intensity physical training, 4 days/week is not enough to reduce the depressive symptoms or to improve the mood state in postmenopausal depressive women. It is necessary more studies with different exercise intensity to clarify the effect on depression

Estudio de la carga interna en pádel amateur mediante la frecuencia cardíaca

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar el nivel de condición física de 8 sujetos amateur de pádel, definir su perfil energético de esfuerzo en juego real mediante registro de frecuencia cardíaca (FC), y proponer un conjunto de variables justificadas de esta, que permita analizar el perfil de carga interna en pádel. Mediante prueba de esfuerzo incremental máxima en cinta de correr se obtuvieron parámetros ergoespirométricos, respiratorios y sus equivalentes cardíacos, introducidos en el sistema de registro de la FC Polar Team. Los sujetos disputaron 7 partidos de entrenamiento de 1 hora de duración y 72-96 horas de separación entre ellos, obteniéndose como variables: consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2 máx) y porcentaje (%) de VO2 máx en el umbral anaeróbico; en prueba de esfuerzo, FC máx., media y mín., y zonas de trabajo metabólicas (rangos de FC). Los resultados presentan VO2 máx de 51,15 ± 5,73 ml · kg–1 · min–1, FC máx. durante el juego de 154,75 ± 7,25 ppm, FC med de 130,0 ± 10,4 ppm para tiempo de juego y 89,75 % del tiempo de juego en zona de trabajo aeróbica. Como conclusión, el esfuerzo al que son sometidos durante el juego a nivel cardiorrespiratorio los jugadores amateur de pádel se basa casi exclusivamente en metabolismos aeróbicos. Además, las variables máx., mín. y media de FC para tiempos de juego y descanso y el establecimiento de zonas de trabajo de FC pueden aportarnos información importante sobre lo que ocurre en el juego a nivel cardiorrespiratorio

Reliability of spirometric tests during the different menstrual cycle phases in healthy women

Carta al Editor sobre la fiabilidad de las pruebas espirométricas durante las diferentes fases del ciclo menstrual en mujeres sanas.Letter to the Editor about "Reliability of Spirometric Tests during the Different Menstrual Cycle Phases in Healthy Women"peerReviewe

Copper concentration in erythrocytes, platelets, plasma, serum and urine: influence of physical training

Background:Physical training produces changes in the extracellular and intracellular concentrations of traceminerals elements. To our knowledge, only three compartments have been studied simultaneously. The aim of thepresent study was to analyze the influence of physical training on extracellular (serum, plasma and urine) andintracellular (erythrocytes and platelets) concentrations of Copper (Cu).Methods:Forty young men participated in this study. The participants were divided into a training group (TG;n=20; 18.15 ± 0.27 years; 68.59 ± 4.18 kg; 1.76 ± 0.04 m) and a control group (CG;n= 20; 19.25 ± 0.39 years; 73.45 ± 9.04kg; 1.79 ± 0.06 m). The TG was formed by semi-professional soccer players from a youth category with a regulartraining plan of 10 h/week. All of them had been participating in high level competitions and had trained for atleast 5 years. Plasma, serum, urine, erythrocyte and platelet samples of Cu were obtained and analyzed byinductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).Results:The TG showed lower concentrations of Cu in erythrocytes (p< 0.05) despite similar intakes. There were nosignificant differences in Cu concentrations in plasma, serum, urine and platelets although the trend was similar tothat observed in erythrocytes.Conclusions:The assessment of trace element concentrations should be carried out in both extracellular andintracellular compartments to obtain a proper evaluation and to identify possible deficiencies of the element. Webelieve that additional Cu supplementation is needed in athletes who perform physical training regularly