Pierre-Jean Dufief, Goncourt et Charpentier: le bibliophile et l’éditeur grand public

Le relazioni di uno scrittore con il proprio editore sono spesso alterne, come insegna Baudelaire. In oggetto ora è il rapporto, sicuramente singolare, che esistette tra i fratelli Goncourt (ed inseguito il solo Edmond, conservatore sempre più tendenzialmente monarchico), con l’editore Gervais Charpentier (e successivamente con suo figlio Georges), fieri repubblicani. Ma l’A. mostra come le divergenze non fossero soltanto di natura politica, ma squisitamente editoriali: se da un lato Gervais ..

Pierre-Jean Dufief, Les Goncourt moralistes

La questione era già stata sollevata in passato da Ernest Seillière: il suo saggio Les Goncourt motalistes, tuttavia, non aveva mantenuto la promessa implicita nel titolo, cioè non aveva saputo illustrare la ragione per cui i fratelli “inventori” del naturalismo potessero in qualche modo essere accostati ai grandi moralisti del XVII secolo. L’A. decide quindi di riproporre tale teoria e nell’argomentazione della propria tesi non può che partire dal ricordare come i fratelli stessi furono, fin..

Michel Brix, Premiers crayons. Sur les romans de jeunesse de Flaubert

L’A. si propone di riverificare il processo di creazione, di maturazione e di sviluppo dei capolavori di Flaubert attraverso l’analisi dei manoscritti dei romanzi di giovinezza, sottolineando come Passion et vertu, Mémoires d’un fou, Novembre e la prima versione dell’Education Sentimentale, tutti scritti tra il 1837 e il 1845, siano legati a filo doppio ai grandi romanzi della maturità, sia sul piano tematico che su quello teorico. La continuità d’ispirazione si manifesta in modo più evidente..

Rene Lefebre, Horreur et ressemblance chez Maupassant

L’importanza in M. di temi come il doppio e l’altro, lo specchio, e la presenza di elementi stilistici come la ridondanza narrativa sono di fatto riconosciuti in M.: quello che si propone l’A. non è semplicemente riesporre lo studio di tali tematiche: attraverso l’analisi di alcuni dei racconti e delle novelle dello scrittore naturalista si intende infatti tracciare una sorta di fenomenologia della ressemblance, principio fondante secondo cui ci sarebbero delle copie più o meno precise di qua..

Gerard Poulouin, Remy de Gourmont: de l’Ymagier à la Collection des plus belles pages

Remy de Gourmont era discendente di alcuni dei più importanti tipografi e librai del XV e XVI secolo, tra cui Gilles de Gourmont, a cui si devono le prime stampe parigine fatte in caratteri greci ed ebraici. Al pari dei suoi antenati, lo stesso Remy si appassionò alla creazione tipografica dei libri, operando per molti anni come “autore-editore” e curando in particolare la rivista «L’Ymagier», che promosse sulle pagine del «Mercure de France» come rivista di immagini, e studi sulle immagini e..

Food Waste Causes in Fruit and Vegetables Supply Chains

Fruit and vegetables are a core component of healthy diets, but horticultural production and distribution activities suffer from a high incidence of surplus food and food waste. The intrinsic perishability of products as well recurring pests, diseases and contamination events are since long recognized to be primary reasons for fruit and vegetables wastage, but a more thorough knowledge of causes, including external events and internal strategies and practices, is necessary to design and implement waste reduction strategies. However, literature on waste causes in fruit and vegetables supply chains is rather fragmented. Most existing studies focus on single products, single deterioration mechanisms or single reuse or recycling choices, and hardly ever investigate more than one stage of the fruit and vegetables supply chain. The main objective of the paper is to offer an instrument for identifying in a comprehensive way the possible origin points and root issues behind food waste generation in the stages of fruit and vegetables supply chains. The research is conducted through the application of two methods. A first phase consists in a deep literature review, whose results are summarized in the so-called Causes Framework. This qualitative instrument shows the possible sources of fruit and vegetables surplus and waste, highlighting for each supply chain stage the high-priority causes and for each cause the fundamental root issue. The second research phase is a case study that shows how the Framework can be applied to pinpoint the most significant causes for specific supply chains. The unit of analysis is the supply chain of an Italian PGI pear. Primary information is gathered from 6 enterprises through 7 semi-structured interviews. The most critical causes of surplus and waste generation in the focal supply chain are found as the intersection between interview answers and Framework predictions. The paper integrates sparse pieces of knowledge on the processes of food waste generation in fruit and vegetables supply chains, and offers an instrument that may support private and public decision-makers in the reduction of horticultural waste

A new method for studying activity and reaction kinetics of photocatalytic water oxidation systems using a bubbling reactor

A novel method is proposed for studying kinetics and overall activity of water oxidation (WO) catalysts using a bubbling reactor, where oxygen concentration is measured simultaneously in the liquid and in the gaseous phase. Total oxygen evolution is obtained from direct integration. The actual rate of oxygen formation as a function of time, RO2(t) not accessible to direct measurement with batch reactors, is calculated from raw data through a simple but comprehensive mathematical model, taking into account mass transfer phenomena occurring in the system. Data concerning the activity of a nanostructured Co3O4 catalyst dispersed on a mesoporous silica (MSU-H), in the presence of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)Ruthenium [Ru(bpy)3]2+ as sensitizer and Na2S2O8 as sacrificial reactant, are used to illustrate data processing. Behaviour of the system is complicated by the occurrence, besides WO reaction, of the degradation of the sensitizer. Increase of sweeping gas flow increases RO2(t), by decreasing diffusional limitations to the reactions in the system: conditions for minimizing those were established. Data reported show that the assumption generally made of equilibrium between gaseous and liquid phase through Henry's law is incorrect, the more so the smaller the apparent mass transfer coefficient, kLa. An additional reason for removing oxygen from the liquid phase through bubbling is the occurrence of a parasitic reaction of molecular oxygen with the sensitizer. The method seems to yield reliable values of both kLa and the set of RO2(t) values: the former scales with the flow of sweeping gas, as expected; RO2(t) curves are in qualitative agreement with accepted reaction mechanisms. Results concerning RO2(t) lend support to our previous kinetic studies (M. Armandi et. al., ACS Catal. 2013, 3, 1272) where the reaction rate was assumed as constant for the first ~ 15 min. Availability of RO2(t) data not too biased by diffusional limitations opens the way to realistic studies of the kinetic features of WO heterogeneous reactions, in the present case as well as in many other

Reducing food waste in food manufacturing companies

Putting unsold food at good use is clearly a high-priority option according to the Food Waste Hierarchy, but we still know relatively little about the antecedents, strategies, and processes that make it possible within companies. This paper aims at explaining how food manufacturers can prevent the degradation of generated surplus food into waste. Based on an extensive literature review and 4 exploratory case studies, research questions are formulated about (i) available avenues for managing surplus food, and (ii) internal drivers that make these avenues viable and efficient. In order to adapt, refine and corroborate the conceptual framework, the research conducts 10 descriptive case studies of Italian food manufacturers. Results from the cross-case analysis highlight the multiplicity of reuse and redistribution options, and their viability over the product shelf life. The analysis also shows that a structured surplus food control system and partnerships with food aid organizations are necessary to reduce food waste

Genetic and epigenetic factors affect RET gene expression in breast cancer cell lines and influence survival in patients

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