Diseño Y Validación De Un Modelo Antropométrico Para Evaluar La Masa Grasa Corporal En Mujeres Mexicanas

Objective: Develop a multiple linear model, using the least squares method to correlate fat mass (kg), using anthropometric variables obtained from a sample of women from northwest Mexico. Materials: ISAK standardization was used in this study to collect measurements. The statistical criteria R², EER, VIF, Cp, and RMSE were used to evaluate the performance of the model. Method: Descriptive observational cross-sectional study to determine the fat mass of a sample of 95 women from the northwest of Mexico with normal weight and overweight. Results: The adjusted model (M8p) is made up of eight predictors that are statistically most representative in this study: weight, 6 skinfolds, and biliocrestal diameter. The fat mass of the sample was determined using air displacement plethysmography (reference), the mean obtained for the fat mass was 21.3 kg with a standard deviation of ±9.3, the M8p model predicts 20.9±9.9 kg which is 2% below the reference method used. The statistical criteria of the adjusted model are, R²Adj=0.92, SER= 2.9 kg, VIF 4.8, Cp= 7.8, and RMSE= 3.08 obtained with the adjustment sample (70 women), the validation sample (25 women) obtained a value RMSE of 3.15, so the model has predictive capacity. Conclusions: The developed model adequately predicts the fat mass of women with and without excess body fat mass, which makes it valid for use in similar samples, giving the health professional one more option to adequately evaluate this tissue, which will allow giving a optimal treatment on an individualized basis.Objetivo: Desarrollar un modelo lineal múltiple, usando el método de mínimos cuadrados para correlacionar la masa grasa (kg), utilizando variables antropométricas obtenidas de una muestra de mujeres del noroeste de México. Materiales. La estandarización ISAK fue utilizada en este estudio para el levantamiento de las mediciones. Los criterios estadísticos R², EER, VIF, Cp, y RMSE se utilizaron para evaluar el desempeño del modelo. Método. Estudio transversal observacional descriptivo, para determinar la masa grasa de una muestra de 95 mujeres del noroeste de México con normopeso y sobrepeso. Resultados. El modelo ajustado (M8p) se conforma por ocho predictores estadísticamente más representativos en este estudio: peso, 6 pliegues cutáneos y el diámetro biliocrestal. La masa grasa de la muestra se determinó usando pletismografía por desplazamiento de aire (referencia), la media obtenida para la masa grasa fue de 21.3 kg con una desviación estandar de ±9.3, el modelo M8p predice 20.9±9.9 kg lo cual está 2% debajo del método de referencia utilizado. Los criterios estadísticos del modelo ajustado son, R²Adj=0.92, EER= 2.9 kg, VIF 4.8, Cp= 7.8, y RMSE= 3.08 obtenidos con la muestra de ajuste (70 mujeres), la muestra de validación (25 mujeres) obtuvo un valor RMSE de 3.15, por lo que el modelo presenta capacidad predictiva. Conclusiones. El modelo desarrollado predice adecuadamente la masa grasa de mujeres con y sin exceso de masa grasa corporal, lo cual lo hace valido para su uso en muestras similares, dando al profesional de salud una opción más de evaluar adecuadamente este tejido, lo que permitirá dar un tratamiento óptimo de forma individualizada

Borg’s category ratio-scale (CR-10) is useful to predict the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) in young Mexicans adults, regardless their body mass

Objetivo: evaluar el valor predictivo de la escala de Borg (CR-10; 1-10) para el inicio de la acumulación de lactato en sangre (OBLA). Métodos: 91 jóvenes mexicanos realizaron tres pruebas de ejercicio submáximas no consecutivas. La frecuencia cardíaca (FC), el lactato en sangre y el consumo de oxígeno se registraron en cada determinación del CR-10. Se calcularon ecuaciones de regresión y los puntos de corte de FC y al OBLA. Resultados: La FC (86 lat/min) y el CR-10 (4.5) predijeron el OBLA con la misma certeza, independientemente de la masa corporal del sujeto. CR-10, la FC y el consumo de oxígeno explicaron independientemente más de 60% de la varianza asociada al OBLA. Conclusiones: CR-10 es útil para predecir el OBLA con casi la misma certeza que la FC, independientemente de la masa corporal del sujeto. Introductio

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Systematic Physical Exercise and Spirulina maxima Supplementation Improve Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Blood Lipid Profile: Correlations of a Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial

Cardiovascular diseases are part of the highly preventable chronic diseases associated with changes in lifestyle. Within them, physical activity, low-fat and high-fiber diets are distinguished as the main support for prevention, even when supplementation with nutraceuticals has become a very common practice. Fifty-two young sedentary men with excess body weight (body mass index (BMI) &ge; 25 kg&middot;m&minus;2) were enrolled in a randomized-crossover controlled trial [six weeks of a systematic physical exercise with Spirulina maxima or placebo supplementation (4.5 g&middot;day&minus;1)]. Body composition, blood lipid profile, and maximal oxygen uptake were determined pre/post intervention. Pairwise comparisons showed a significant improvement (p &lt; 0.01) on blood lipid profile in the group of exercise plus Spirulina maxima. Moreover, correlations of absolute changes of BMI, body fat percentage, blood lipids and maximal oxygen uptake were statistically significant (p &lt; 0.01). These results indicate that the Spirulina maxima supplementation could be acting in a synergistic way with exercise due to the enhanced effects on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and blood lipid profile. This phenomenon should be considered to reduce risk of cardiovascular disorders. Trial registration: Clinical Trials, NCT02837666 (July 19, 2016)

Effect of Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima supplementation and a systematic physical exercise program on the body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of overweight or obese subjects: a double-blind, randomized, and crossover controlled trial

Excess weight and obesity are major risk factors for many chronic diseases, and weight-loss interventions often include systematic exercise and nutritional supplements. The purpose of this study was to determine the independent/synergistic effects of Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima supplementation (six weeks, 4.5 g·day−1) and a systematic physical exercise program (six weeks, twice weekly) on the body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of overweight and obese subjects. To achieve this, 27 overweight and 25 obese sedentary male subjects were assigned to four interventions through a randomized double-blind, crossover controlled trial: A physical exercise program, with (SE) or without (Ex) Spirulina maxima; or no-exercise program, with (Sm) and without (C) Spirulina maxima. The body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters were taken during a maximum intensity test. As compared to the C group, the body fat percentage of the SE, Sm and Ex groups was reduced (p < 0.05), while their maximal oxygen uptake improved (r = −0.40), and obese subjects benefited more significantly. Weight loss, the time to reach fatigue and the onset of blood lactate accumulation were improved in both of the Spirulina maxima supplemented groups, regardless of the subjects’ body weight. Spirulina maxima supplementation synergistically improves the effects of systematic exercise on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters in overweight, but mostly in individuals with obesity

Impact of Spirulina maxima Intake and Exercise (SIE) on Metabolic and Fitness Parameters in Sedentary Older Adults with Excessive Body Mass: Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Life expectancy has increased unprecedentedly in recent decades, benefiting the longevity of the world’s population. The most frequent pathological conditions presented in this age group include excessive body fat, frailty, and hypercholesterolemia. These pathological characteristics condition general health and autonomy in adults to carry out their usual activities. In this sense, the search for a healthy lifestyle is necessary, consisting in a healthy diet that includes supplementation with nutraceuticals and the daily practice of physical activity. This study protocol aims to evaluate the independent and synergistic effect of 12 weeks of Spirulina maxima intake (5 g/day), with or without an exercise program on metabolic and fitness parameters of 52 sedentary older adults with excessive body mass in a double-blind, randomized, crossover, controlled trial design. The main findings from this trial will provide novel evidence for future interventions designed for the elderly population and the result will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and international meetings. ClinicalTrials.gov identification number: NCT04658875 (Effect of Spirulina maxima and Exercise on General Fitness and Blood Lipids in Older Adults)

Effect of Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima Supplementation and a Systematic Physical Exercise Program on the Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Overweight or Obese Subjects: A Double-Blind, Randomized, and Crossover Controlled Trial

Excess weight and obesity are major risk factors for many chronic diseases, and weight-loss interventions often include systematic exercise and nutritional supplements. The purpose of this study was to determine the independent/synergistic effects of Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima supplementation (six weeks, 4.5 g·day−1) and a systematic physical exercise program (six weeks, twice weekly) on the body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of overweight and obese subjects. To achieve this, 27 overweight and 25 obese sedentary male subjects were assigned to four interventions through a randomized double-blind, crossover controlled trial: A physical exercise program, with (SE) or without (Ex) Spirulina maxima; or no-exercise program, with (Sm) and without (C) Spirulina maxima. The body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters were taken during a maximum intensity test. As compared to the C group, the body fat percentage of the SE, Sm and Ex groups was reduced (p &lt; 0.05), while their maximal oxygen uptake improved (r = −0.40), and obese subjects benefited more significantly. Weight loss, the time to reach fatigue and the onset of blood lactate accumulation were improved in both of the Spirulina maxima supplemented groups, regardless of the subjects’ body weight. Spirulina maxima supplementation synergistically improves the effects of systematic exercise on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters in overweight, but mostly in individuals with obesity. Trial registration: Clinical Trials, NCT02837666. Registered 19 July 2016