PoliSave: Efficient Power Management of Campus PCs

In this paper we study the power consumption of networked devices in a large Campus network, focusing mainly on PC usage. We first define a methodology to monitor host power state, which we then apply to our Campus network. Results show that typically people refrain from turning off their PC during non-working hours so that more than 1500 PCs are always powered on, causing a large energy waste. We then design PoliSave, a simple web-based architecture which allows users to schedule power state of their PCs, avoiding the frustration of wasting long power-down and bootstrap times of today PCs. By exploiting already available technologies like Wake-On-Lan, Hibernation and Web services, PoliSave reduces the average PC uptime from 15.9h to 9.7h during working days, generating an energy saving of 0.6kW/h per PC per day, or a saving of more than 250,000 Euros per year considering our Campus Universit

Entropy of Highly Correlated Quantized Data

This paper considers the entropy of highly correlated quantized samples. Two results are shown. The first concerns sampling and identically scalar quantizing a stationary continuous-time random process over a finite interval. It is shown that if the process crosses a quantization threshold with positive probability, then the joint entropy of the quantized samples tends to infinity as the sampling rate goes to infinity. The second result provides an upper bound to the rate at which the joint entropy tends to infinity, in the case of an infinite-level uniform threshold scalar quantizer and a stationary Gaussian random process. Specifically, an asymptotic formula for the conditional entropy of one quantized sample conditioned on the previous quantized sample is derived. At high sampling rates, these results indicate a sharp contrast between the large encoding rate (in bits/sec) required by a lossy source code consisting of a fixed scalar quantizer and an ideal, sampling-rate-adapted lossless code, and the bounded encoding rate required by an ideal lossy source code operating at the same distortion

Low-Resolution Scalar Quantization for Gaussian Sources and Absolute Error

This correspondence considers low-resolution scalar quantization for a memoryless Gaussian source with respect to absolute error distortion. It shows that slope of the operational rate-distortion function of scalar quantization is infinite at the point Dmax where the rate becomes zero. Thus, unlike the situation for squared error distortion, or for Laplacian and exponential sources with squared or absolute error distortion, for a Gaussian source and absolute error, scalar quantization at low rates is far from the Shannon rate-distortion function, i.e., far from the performance of the best lossy coding technique

Computer simulation and design of a three degree-of-freedom shoulder module

An in-depth kinematic analysis of a three degree of freedom fully-parallel robotic shoulder module is presented. The major goal of the analysis is to determine appropriate link dimensions which will provide a maximized workspace along with desirable input to output velocity and torque amplification. First order kinematic influence coefficients which describe the output velocity properties in terms of actuator motions provide a means to determine suitable geometric dimensions for the device. Through the use of computer simulation, optimal or near optimal link dimensions based on predetermined design criteria are provided for two different structural designs of the mechanism. The first uses three rotational inputs to control the output motion. The second design involves the use of four inputs, actuating any three inputs for a given position of the output link. Alternative actuator placements are examined to determine the most effective approach to control the output motion

Polyethylene under tensile load: strain energy storage and breaking of linear and knotted alkanes probed by first-principles molecular dynamics calculations

The mechanical resistance of a polyethylene strand subject to tension and the way its properties are affected by the presence of a knot is studied using first-principles molecular dynamics calculations. The distribution of strain energy for the knotted chains has a well-defined shape that is very different from the one found in the linear case. The presence of a knot significantly weakens the chain in which it is tied. Chain rupture invariably occurs just outside the entrance to the knot, as is the case for a macroscopic rope.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figures, to appear on J. Chem. Phy

The entropic cost to tie a knot

We estimate by Monte Carlo simulations the configurational entropy of $N$-steps polygons in the cubic lattice with fixed knot type. By collecting a rich statistics of configurations with very large values of $N$ we are able to analyse the asymptotic behaviour of the partition function of the problem for different knot types. Our results confirm that, in the large $N$ limit, each prime knot is localized in a small region of the polygon, regardless of the possible presence of other knots. Each prime knot component may slide along the unknotted region contributing to the overall configurational entropy with a term proportional to $\ln N$. Furthermore, we discover that the mere existence of a knot requires a well defined entropic cost that scales exponentially with its minimal length. In the case of polygons with composite knots it turns out that the partition function can be simply factorized in terms that depend only on prime components with an additional combinatorial factor that takes into account the statistical property that by interchanging two identical prime knot components in the polygon the corresponding set of overall configuration remains unaltered. Finally, the above results allow to conjecture a sequence of inequalities for the connective constants of polygons whose topology varies within a given family of composite knot types

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses.

Decades of behavioral science research have documented functional shifts in attitudes and ideological adherence in response to various challenges, but little work to date has illuminated the neural mechanisms underlying these dynamics. This paper describes how continuous theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation may be employed to experimentally assess the causal contribution of cortical regions to threat-related ideological shifts. In the example protocol provided here, participants are exposed to a threat prime-an explicit reminder of their own inevitable death and bodily decomposition-following a downregulation of the posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC) or a sham stimulation. Next, disguised within a series of distracter tasks, participants' relative degree of ideological adherence is assessed-in the present example, with regard to coalitional prejudice and religious belief. Participants for whom the pMFC has been downregulated exhibit less coalitionally biased responses to an immigrant critical of the participants' national in-group, and less conviction in positive afterlife beliefs (i.e., God, angels, and heaven), despite having recently been reminded of death. These results complement prior findings that continuous theta burst stimulation of the pMFC influences social conformity and sharing and illustrate the feasibility of investigating the neural basis of high-level social cognitive shifts using transcranial magnetic stimulation

Identifying effect heterogeneity to improve the effiency of job creation schemes in Germany?

Previous empirical studies of job creation schemes in Germany have shown that the average effects for the participating individuals are negative. However, we find that this is not true for all strata of the population. Identifying individual characteristics that are responsible for the effect heterogeneity and using this information for a better allocation of individuals therefore bears some scope for improving programme efficiency. We present several stratification strategies and discuss the occurring effect heterogeneity. Our findings show that job creation schemes do neither harm nor improve the labour market chances for most of the groups. Exceptions are long-term unemployed men in West and long-term unemployed women in East and West Germany who benefit from participation in terms of higher employment rates. JEL: C13 , J68 , H4