ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Posterior Surgical Approach to the Knee

Posterior knee approaches are reliable techniques to address the treatment of various pathologies of the posterior region of the knee, including Baker cyst excision, tibial plateau fracture fixation, posterior cruciate ligament avulsions and inlay reconstructions, femoral condyle cartilage procedures, posterior meniscal repair and loose body removal among others. Surgery in the posterior knee region can be challenging because of the presence of neurovascular structures including the tibial nerve, popliteal artery and vein, and common peroneal nerve; thus, it is less commonly performed. The purpose of this Technical Note is to describe the posteromedial approach to the knee, its anatomic considerations, and how to avoid complications related to the surgical approach

Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction in a Revision Setting: Anchor and Interference Screw Fixation

Recurrent patellar instability is a common pathology and typically affects younger and more active patients. To prevent complete lateral dislocation of the patella, several osseous and soft-tissue procedures have been previously described, including reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), which has been identified as the primary medial stabilizer of the patella. Several techniques have been reported for reconstruction of the MPFL, sometimes in conjunction with other procedures, with the majority showing success in the treatment and resolution of patellar instability. However, MPFL reconstruction is not free of complications, with previous reports of recurrence of medial patellar instability and patellar fracture after surgery. The objective of this Technical Note is to describe our preferred technique, comprising anchor as well as interference screw fixation, for reconstruction of the MPFL in a primary or revision setting

Notchplasty for the Arthroscopic Treatment of Limited Knee Extension

Knee osteoarthritis may lead to narrowing of the intercondylar notch due to osteophyte formation, thereby causing changes in native knee biomechanics. The normal close contact between the condyles and the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) during knee extension may be compromised due to narrowing of the notch and result in ACL damage, progression of knee osteoarthritis, and loss of knee extension. Outcomes after a notchplasty procedure are well reported for ACL reconstruction in young patients. However, there remains a lack of studies evaluating this procedure in the setting of knee osteoarthritis in patients with a symptomatic loss of knee extension. The purpose of this Technical Note is to present our preferred surgical technique for the treatment of loss of knee extension in the setting of knee osteoarthritis in conjunction with osteophyte formation in the intercondylar notch

Proximal Patellar Tendon Repair: Internal Brace Technique With Unicortical Buttons and Suture Tape

Patellar tendon ruptures may be considerably limiting, especially in younger and highly active patients. These injuries ultimately result in a complete inability to maintain extension of the knee, thereby placing strict impediment on physical activity. As a result, a durable repair construct via surgery is necessary to allow patients to return to their preinjury activity level. Because of the inherent difficulty in maintaining patellar tendon position after repair, and to avoid failure of the tendon healing to the patella, we recommend using an internal brace construct. The construct uses bone tunnels in the patella and also cortical buttons on the tibia with suture tape whipstitched through the tendon. We feel that this provides an enhanced fixation construct. The purpose of this Technical Note is to describe our preferred method for proximal patellar tendon repair via an internal brace construct with unicortical buttons and suture tape

Anatomical Glenoid Reconstruction Using Fresh Osteochondral Distal Tibia Allograft After Failed Latarjet Procedure

In the treatment of recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability, the Latarjet procedure has been shown to fail. This results in a need for viable revisional procedures for patients who present with this challenging pathology. We report our preferred technique for anatomical glenoid reconstruction using a fresh osteochondral distal tibia allograft after a failed Latarjet procedure. This bony augmentation technique employs a readily available dense, weight-bearing osseous tissue source that has excellent conformity, as well as the added benefit of a cartilaginous surface to correct chondral deficiencies. Given its effectiveness in the Latarjet revision setting and low complication rate, the distal tibia allograft is a reasonable treatment option

Pectoralis Major Repair With Unicortical Button Fixation And Suture Tape

Although injuries of the pectoralis major muscle are generally uncommon, ruptures of the pectoralis major are occasionally seen in younger, more active patients who participate in weightlifting activities. These injuries usually occur during maximal contraction of the muscle, while in extension and external rotation. In the case of a rupture, operative treatment is advocated especially in young, active patients regardless of the chronicity of the injury. Various surgical techniques for reattachment of the avulsed tendon have been described, but bone tunnel and suture anchor repair techniques are most widely used. In this Technical Note, we present our preferred technique for acute pectoralis major rupture repair involving use of cortical buttons for tendon stump-to-bone fixation

Latarjet Technique for Treatment of Anterior Shoulder Instability With Glenoid Bone Loss

Anterior glenohumeral instability is a common clinical entity, particularly among young athletic patient populations. Nonoperative management and arthroscopic treatment of glenohumeral instability have been associated with high rates of recurrence, particularly in the setting of glenohumeral osseous defects. Coracoid transfer, particularly the Latarjet procedure, has become the treatment of choice for recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability in the setting of osseous deficiencies greater than 20% to 30% of the glenoid surface area and may also be considered for the primary treatment of recurrent instability in the high-risk contact athlete, even in the setting of limited osseous deficiency. The following Technical Note provides a diagnostic approach for suspected glenohumeral instability, as well as a detailed description of the congruent-arc Latarjet procedure, performed with a deltoid split, with its postoperative management

Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation for Treatment of Focal Patellar Osteochondral Lesion

Patellar osteochondral lesions are common and particularly disabling injuries that can affect young and highly active patients. If enough functional impairment, ranging from difficulty climbing stairs to pain with squatting, is present, surgical treatment may be warranted. For the treatment of these lesions, various techniques have been described, including autologous osteochondral transplantation, as well as microfracture surgery. However, these are not without disadvantages. Although morbidity is noted in cases of autologous osteochondral transplantation, uncertain and possibly unsustainable results are associated with the microfracture procedure. Therefore, we present an alternative surgical treatment option for this pathology. The objective of this Technical Note is to describe our preferred approach for an osteochondral allograft transplant procedure to treat a focal patellar osteochondral lesion

Arthroscopic Superior Capsule Reconstruction Technique in the Setting of a Massive, Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tear

Massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears are challenging to treat and associated with pain and severe limitation in shoulder elevation due to the proximal migration of the humeral head and, consequently, subacromial impingement. Furthermore, retraction of the tendons in combination with fat infiltration and muscular weakness results in unpredictable treatment outcomes. While conservative treatment may be warranted for low-demand patients, surgical treatment is often indicated for a successful return to activities of daily living as well as an improved quality of life. The reported failure rate of rotator cuff repair for the treatment of a massive rotator cuff tear varies. However, this failure is often found at the interface between the tendon and tendon footprint. Several techniques have been reported to address this pathology, including muscular transfer, arthroscopic debridement, augmentation procedures, and superior capsule reconstruction. In particular, superior capsule reconstruction has been reported as a safe and effective method to treat a massive, irreparable rotator cuff tear. The purpose of this Technical Note is to describe our preferred technique of a superior capsule reconstruction for the treatment of a massive, irreparable rotator cuff tear