NUTRITIONAL BEHAVIORS OF A GROUP OF CRACOW GRAMMAR-SCHOOL YOUTHS PRACTICING SPORTS

Introduction. A balanced diet helps to improve exercise capacity and optimization of development processes of young athletes.Objective. Evaluation of eating behaviors within a group of Cracow grammar school students practicing sports in the context of qualitative recommendations of the Swiss nutrition pyramid for people with increased physical activity.Material and methods. The study was conducted in a group of 220 people, including 120 boys and 100 girls aged 13–15 years, studying in sports-oriented grammar schools in Cracow, practicing volleyball, football and basketball. A validated, authorial questionnaire of eating behaviors was applied, and statistical analysis was performed using a chi-square test in PQStat v.1.6.0.428 program.Conclusions. Studies have shown insufficient implementation of quality nutritional recommendations for athletes and differentiation of certain dietary behaviors in relation to sex in a group of Cracow grammar school students practicing sports.Keywords: youth, sportspeople, nutritional behaviors

Kwestionariusz Twórczego Zachowania KANH III : prezentacja właściwości psychometrycznych

KANH III składa się z dwóch skal konformizm–nonkonformizm które przynależą do sfery osobowości oraz skali zachowania heurystyczne–zachowania algorytmiczne, która przynależy do sfery poznawczej. Każda skala diagnozuje 13 właściwości dymensjalnych o charakterze kontinuum. Kwestionariusz składa się z 26 stwierdzeń. Rzetelność narzędzia mierzona metodą test–retest wynosi 0,95. Korelacja między wersjami polską i angielską dla skali K–N = 0,95, zaś dla skali A–H = 0,96. Rzetelność obliczona (N = 4271) przy pomocy alfa Cronbacha dla skali K–N = 0,69, dla skali A–H = 0,65. Normy zostały opracowane w skali stenowej dla grupy wiekowej 15–60 lat i uwzględniają odmienne wyniki dla kobiet i mężczyzn w skali K–N. W skali A–H wyniki zostały opracowane dla obu płci razem. Prezentowane są też wyniki analizy czynnikowej oraz trafności kryterialnej KANH III

Kwestionariusz Twórczego Zachowania KANH III – prezentacja właściwości psychometrycznych

The CBQ III includes two subscales: Conformity - Nonconformity, which relates to the sphere of personality, and Algorithmic Behaviour - Heuristic Behaviour, which belongs to the cognitive sphere. Each subscale controls 13 traits distributed dichotomously, as continuous traits (continuum). The Questionnaire comprises 26 statements. The test–retest reliability is 0.95. Reliability assessed with Cronbach's Alpha for the Conformity - Nonconformity scale is 0.69 and for the Algorithmic Behaviour - Heuristic Behaviour is 0.65. The norms are prepared in the sten scale for the age brackets ranging from 15 to 60 years of age including sex on the Conformity - Nonconformity scale and without sex on the Algorithmic Behaviour - Heuristic Behaviour scale. Presented are also the results of the factor analysis and the relevance criterion CBQ III.KANH III składa się z dwóch skal konformizm–nonkonformizm które przynależą do sfery osobowości oraz skali zachowania heurystyczne–zachowania algorytmiczne, która przynależy do sfery poznawczej. Każda skala diagnozuje 13 właściwości dymensjalnych o charakterze kontinuum. Kwestionariusz składa się z 26 stwierdzeń. Rzetelność narzędzia mierzona metodą test–retest wynosi 0,95. Korelacja między wersjami polską i angielską dla skali K–N = 0,95, zaś dla skali A–H = 0,96. Rzetelność obliczona (N = 4271) przy pomocy alfa Cronbacha dla skali K–N = 0,69, dla skali A–H = 0,65. Normy zostały opracowane w skali stenowej dla grupy wiekowej 15–60 lat i uwzględniają odmienne wyniki dla kobiet i mężczyzn w skali K–N. W skali A–H wyniki zostały opracowane dla obu płci razem. Prezentowane są też wyniki analizy czynnikowej oraz trafności kryterialnej KANH III.

TP53 polymorphism in plasma cell myeloma

Introduction. Significant and accessible predictive factors for bortezomib treatment in plasma cell myeloma (PCM) are still lacking. TP53 codon 72 polymorphism (P72R) results in proline (P) or arginine (R) at 72 amino acid position, which causes synthesis of proteins with distinct functions. The aims of our study were to: 1) analyze whether this polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of PCM; 2) study whether the P72R polymorphism affects overall survival (OS) among PCM patients; 3) assess the possible association of the P72R polymorphism with sensitivity to bortezomib in cell cultures derived from PCM patients. Material and methods. Genomic DNA from newly diagnosed 59 patients (without IgVH gene rearrangements and TP53 deletions) and 50 healthy blood donors were analyzed by RFLP-PCR to identify TP53 polymorphism. Chromosomal aberrations were detected by use of cIg-FISH. The lymphocyte cell cultures from a subgroup of 40 PCM patients were treated with bortezomib (1, 2 and 4 nM). Results. The P allele of the P72R polymorphism was more common than the R allele in PMC patients compared to controls (39% vs. 24%), and the difference was significant (p = 0.02). The PP and PR genotypes (in combina­tion) were more frequent among cases than in controls (65% vs. 42%, OR = 2.32, p = 0.04). At the cell culture level and 2 nM bortezomib concentration the PP genotype was associated with higher necrosis rates (10.5%) compared to the PR genotype (5.7%, p = 0.006) or the RR genotype (6.3%, p = 0.02); however, no effect of genotypes was observed at bortezomib concentrations of 1 and 4 nM. The shortest OS (12 months) was observed in patients with the PP genotype compared to patients with the PR or RR genotypes (20 months) (p = 0.04). Conclusions. The results suggest that P72R polymorphisms may be associated with an increased PCM risk and may affect OS of PCM patients. However, we saw no consistent results of the polymorphism effect on apoptosis and necrosis in cell cultures derived from PCM patients. Further studies are need in this regard

The sexuality and disability of males with multiple sclerosis in Poland

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system. In the world 2.1 mil­lion people suffer from MS. Usually MS is diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 50 years old and may be the cause of disability. Sexual problems are very common in male patients with MS although they are less frequent than they used to be. Aim of the research study: To describe the level of disability and sexual life in males with MS. Material and methods: The study was carried out on a total of 72 MS patients. MS subtypes included 30.55% (n = 22) secondary progressive; 27.77% (n = 20) relapsing-remitting; 22.22% (n = 16) primary progressive; and 16.66% (n = 12) progressive relapsing. The research tools consisted of our own questionnaires. Neurological disability was assessed by the Regional Committee for Adjudication of Disability and by the Expanded Disability Status Scale. Results: 8.33% (n = 6) of patients reported sexual activity every day, most reported either several times a week 25% (n = 18), several times a month 33.33% (n = 24), once a month 16.66% (n = 12), a few times a year 5.55% (n = 4) or once a year 11.11% (n = 8). Our findings conclude that neurological disability, low sexual activity and frequent use of sildenafil citrate or similar were common in the patients tested. Conclusions: These problems are permanently overlooked by medical professionals. In this aspect, cooperation between neurologists and sexologists could be important. Further research is needed for better understanding of the sexuality of this particular population

Implementing Cognitive Semantics of Autoepistemic Membership Statements: The Case of Categories with Prototypes

This article presents a model of an architecture of an artificial cognitive agent that performs the function of generating autoepistemic membership statements used to communicate beliefs about the belonging of an observed external object to a category with a prototype. The meaning of statements is described within the model by means of cognitive semantics. The presented proposal builds upon a pre-existing architecture and a semantic model designed for a simpler case of categories without a prototype. The main conclusion is that it is possible to develop an interactive cognitive agent capable of learning about categories with prototypes and producing autoepistemic membership statements fulfilling requirements of Rosch’s standard version of prototype semantics and satisfying pragmatic and logical rules for generating equivalents of these statements in natural languages. Detailed results include the following: an original proposal for an agent’s architecture, a model of an agent’s strategy of learning categories with a prototype, a scheme for determining the computational complexity of particular implementations of the learning strategy, definitions of cognitive semantics for particular cases of autoepistemic membership statements, and an analytical verification of properties of the proposed cognitive semantics. Finally, this article discusses the directions of further development and potential variants of the proposed architecture