Clutch and egg size variation in the coot Fulica atra breeding on fishponds in eastern Poland -test of the optimal egg dimensions hypothesis

found. This suggests that the environmental conditions in the studied fishponds during the study period did not change or had no influence on egg size. There was no significant relationship between egg dimensions and clutch size and the study does not support predictions based on the hypothesis of optimal clutch/egg size

Urojone-nic. Pojęcie zasady w Etre, monde, imaginaire Stanislasa Bretona

A philosophical study of the concept of the principle was conducted by Stanislas Breton inhis two books: Du principe and Être, Monde Imaginaire, the first of which was dominated byits analytical and abstract style, while the second was speculative and imaginary. This articleundertakes the task of reconstructing the idea of the principle contained in the latter position.In the first part of the article the author presents two currents of thought concerning theprinciple: the ontological, which is based on the category of logos, and the ontomythological,for which the leading category is mythos. After discussing the differences between these twofields of thought and their corresponding fields of being, the author undertakes an attempt atdescribing the absolute source of reality – imaginary-nothing. The attempt is accompanied bya presentation of the way in which the ineffable principle produces the Word, whose originalexpression is prattle. The article concludes with an analysis of fable as the original form of expressionof the imaginary-nothing, from which arise the two trunks of rationality mentionedabove: the ontological and the ontomythological

E-wyzwania. Rola samorządu w budowaniu szkoły jutra. Materiał dla uczestników szkoleń

Prezentowany w tym opracowaniu materiał jest próbą pokazania jakie wyzwania mogą pojawić się przed jednostkami samorządu terytorialnego w związku z podejmowanymi działaniami w szeroko rozumianym procesie cyfryzacji edukacj

Clinical development success rates and social value of pediatric Phase 1 trials in oncology

ObjectivesDrug development trials must fulfill social value requirement but no estimates of value provided by pediatric Phase 1 trials in oncology exist. These trials involve a particularly vulnerable population. Our objective was to assess of surrogates of social value of Phase 1 trials performed in pediatric oncology: rates of approval of tested interventions, transition to further phases of testing and citation in subsequent primary research reports.MethodsWe performed an analysis on a subset of eligible trials included in a previous meta-analysis. That study systematically searched EMBASE and PubMed for small sample size, non-randomized, dose escalation pediatric cancer Phase 1 studies of any malignancy, assessing chemotherapy and/or targeted therapy and looked at risk and benefit. The current analysis assessed all studies in that review published between January 1st 2004 and December 31st 2013 for predictors of social value. This time range allowed for at least five years of subsequent development activity. Sources of data included FDA and EMA medicine databases (for approval), ClinicalTrials.gov and EU Clinical Trials Register (for transition) and Google Scholar (for citation).ResultsOne hundred thirty-nine trials enrolling 3814 patients met the eligibility criteria. Seven trials (5%) led to drugs being registered for pediatric use in therapy of cancer. Fifty-two (37%) transitioned to later phases of pediatric oncology trials according to ClinicalTrials.gov and/or EU Register. Over 90% of trials were cited by at least one subsequent primary research report or systematic review. Most of the citations were preclinical studies.ConclusionsOur analysis shows that treatments tested in pediatric Phase 1 trials in oncology have low rates of regulatory approval. However, a large proportion of Phase 1 trials inform further testing and development of tested interventions

Easily Accessible Experiments Demonstrating Interference

A brief but detailed description of simple experiments to be used in Physics classrooms