367 research outputs found

    Examining the Cues to Action of Christian Parents and/or Guardians Who Are Hesitant to Vaccinate Pediatric Populations

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    As a result of skepticism related to vaccine administration, many newborns and children are without their standardized and recommended vaccinations due to parent and/or guardian beliefs. It is the parent and/or guardian who holds the power to vaccinate their children. Vaccine administration is one of the most successful achievements of public health intervention in the 20th century. The purpose of this study is to use a descriptive case study analysis approach to assess parents\u27 and/or guardians\u27 concerns, attitudes, beliefs, and intentions towards immunizations for their children (from birth to 18 years of age). Understanding the why and how concerns raised by the vaccine-skeptical community is the primary objective. Professionals in community health, decision-makers, and several population stakeholders could all benefit from this knowledge. Understanding why people choose not to take preventative measures has benefited greatly over time by the application of theory to examine the nature of vaccination reluctance. For vaccine behavior modification to be successful, approaches should be created with consideration for the individual and their social characteristics, beliefs, norms, and surroundings. One of the most widely utilized conceptual frameworks for health behavior is the Health Belief Model (HBM). In this way, it is intended to minimize the gap between parents and/or guardians and medical professionals

    President's page: ACC's continuing education programs: setting up systems to meet members' changing needs

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    Attachment Bond Experiences Among Adults Using Service Dogs to Mitigate Psychiatric Disabilities

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    AbstractMental illness has a negative influence on U.S. society, affecting more than 21% of adults. Worldwide, approximately 264 million people are impacted by psychiatric conditions. Despite the prevalence of psychological disorders, treatment resources are lacking. As such, the addition of adjunctive therapeutic interventions could benefit society. Researchers have demonstrated that the bond formed between humans and animals offers a vital healing tool. However, there was limited information on the use of service dogs in the psychiatric population. This qualitative interpretative phenomenological analysis explored how adults with psychiatric diagnoses describe attachment to service dogs used to mitigate the symptoms of their disabilities. Bowlby’s theory of attachment was used to guide the study. Participants were recruited with a flyer and selected via purposeful sampling. Semistructured interviews with 10 participants were conducted to obtain rich data. Findings demonstrated that service dogs positively influenced the lives of individuals with psychological disorders. The bond formed through working together eased psychiatric distress and provided increased stability and confidence for handlers. Therefore, this study contributes to positive social change by offering insight into a potential adjunctive treatment modality in addressing mental illness in the adult population. The study\u27s implications and experiences shared by the participants also add to the knowledge base of qualitative research regarding service dogs, thereby contributing to positive social change

    Returning home, back to community from custodial care: Learnings from the first year pilot project evaluation of three sites around Australia

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    Muru Marri was requested by the Australian Primary Health Care Research Institute to conduct an evaluation of the “Returning Home, Back to Community from Custodial Care” program funded by the Department of Health and Ageing. The program is commencing at three Medicare Locals in Geraldton WA, Townsville QLD and Blacktown NSW. The Program aims to implement effective and feasible models of care to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women who have served a custodial sentence and are returning back home. In order to be effective, the program will need to put in place sustainable processes to assist women to address the current health, social, housing, income, employment and practical challenges that they face, which make post-release a particularly vulnerable time. This program adopts a holistic model of care approach involving coordinated and integrated case management and structures to facilitate re-engagement with a range of service providers in the communities they return to. To be sustainable, the assistance provided also must strengthen the women’s own capacity, resilience and support networks to create the life circumstances that provide meaning, purpose and direction to their future.The research reported in this paper is a project of the Australian Primary Health Care Research Institute which is supported by a grant from the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing under the Primary Health Care Research Evaluation and Development Strategy

    Women’s lived experience of recovery from childhood sexual abuse, and their perception of the role of mental health services.

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    Background: The scale of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in the UK is larger than previously believed. Evidence shows a lack of research surrounding women’s experience of recovery from CSA. Furthermore, the role of mental health services within this experience has largely been ignored. The aim of this research was to explore how women who were sexually abused as children understand their experience of recovery and the role they perceived mental health services to have had throughout. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven women who had experienced CSA and accessed support from statutory mental health services. Interviews elicited narratives regarding perceptions of recovery and the role of mental health services. Transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to identify themes. Results: Four superordinate themes were identified: ‘the on-going, unfinished journey of recovery’- capturing the nature of the process of recovery; ‘the power of being silenced by others’- encompassing the influence of others inhibiting their ability to speak out and the related consequences; ‘acknowledging the past and uniting it with my life’– describing vital internal processes experienced during recovery; ‘I can’t do this alone: ingredients for connections with others’– specifying that recovery is better experienced in unison with a supportive other. Conclusion: Results were considered in light of existing evidence and psychological theory. This provided an evidence-base to inform the development of services for women who have experienced CSA, and outline a number of clinical recommendations that could aid recovery. Recommendations for future research, and dissemination approaches are also discussed. Key words: Child sexual abuse; Women; Recovery; Qualitative; Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis; UK

    Solar Polar Sail mission: report of a study to put a scientific spacecraft in a circular polar orbit about the sun

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    The Solar Polar Sail Mission uses solar-sail propulsion to place a spacecraft in a circular orbit 0.48 Au from the Sun with an inclination of 90 degrees. The spacecraft's orbit around the Sun is in 3:1 resonance with Earth phased such that the Earth-Sun-spacecraft angle range from 30 degrees to 150 degrees. The polar view will further our understanding of: (1) the global structure and evolution of the corona, (2) the initiation, evolution, and propagation of coronal mass ejections; (3) the acceleration of the solar wind; (4) the interactions of rotation, magnetic fields, and convection within the Sun; (5) the acceleration and propagation of energetic particles; and (6) the rate of angular momentum loss by the Sun. Candidate imaging instruments are a coronagraph, an all-sky imager for following mass ejections and interaction regions from the Sun to 1 AU, and a disk imager. A lightweight package of fields and particle instruments is included. A mission using a 158 m square sail with an effective areal density of 6 g/m^2 would cost approximately $250-300M (FY97) for all mission phases, including the launch vehicle. This mission depends on the successful development and demonstration of solar-sail propulsion

    Asymmetric connectivity of spawning aggregations of a commercially important marine fish using a multidisciplinary approach

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    Understanding patterns of larval dispersal is key in determining whether no-take marine reserves are self-sustaining, what will be protected inside reserves and where the benefits of reserves will be observed. We followed a multidisciplinary approach that merged detailed descriptions of fishing zones and spawning time at 17 sites distributed in the Midriff Island region of the Gulf of California with a biophysical oceanographic model that simulated larval transport at Pelagic Larval Duration (PLD) 14, 21 and 28 days for the most common and targeted predatory reef fish, (leopard grouper Mycteroperca rosacea). We tested the hypothesis that source–sink larval metapopulation dynamics describing the direction and frequency of larval dispersal according to an oceanographic model can help to explain empirical genetic data. We described modeled metapopulation dynamics using graph theory and employed empirical sequence data from a subset of 11 sites at two mitochondrial genes to verify the model predictions based on patterns of genetic diversity within sites and genetic structure between sites. We employed a population graph describing a network of genetic relationships among sites and contrasted it against modeled networks. While our results failed to explain genetic diversity within sites, they confirmed that ocean models summarized via graph and adjacency distances over modeled networks can explain seemingly chaotic patterns of genetic structure between sites. Empirical and modeled networks showed significant similarities in the clustering coefficients of each site and adjacency matrices between sites. Most of the connectivity patterns observed towards downstream sites (Sonora coast) were strictly asymmetric, while those between upstream sites (Baja and the Midriffs) were symmetric. The best-supported gene flow model and analyses of modularity of the modeled networks confirmed a pulse of larvae from the Baja Peninsula, across the Midriff Island region and towards the Sonoran coastline that acts like a larval sink, in agreement with the cyclonic gyre (anti-clockwise) present at the peak of spawning (May–June). Our approach provided a mechanistic explanation of the location of fishing zones: most of the largest areas where fishing takes place seem to be sustained simultaneously by high levels of local retention, contribution of larvae from upstream sites and oceanographic patterns that concentrate larval density from all over the region. The general asymmetry in marine connectivity observed highlights that benefits from reserves are biased towards particular directions, that no-take areas need to be located upstream of targeted fishing zones, and that some fishing localities might not directly benefit from avoiding fishing within reserves located adjacent to their communities. We discuss the implications of marine connectivity for the current network of marine protected areas and no-take zones, and identify ways of improving it

    Clasificación de los sistemas de producción y grado de impacto ambiental de las pisciculturas en el estado de Amazonas, Brasil: Características da piscicultura na Amazônia brasileira

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    Fish farming is a zootechnical activity that has high grown in recent years, especially in the Brazilian Amazon. The present study was carried out in the State of Amazonas, one of the largest consumers of fish in Brazil. The objective of this study was to characterize the production systems, the degree of severity of environmental impacts that this activity promotes in the Amazonian environments and the perspective of future development in the different mesoregions of the state. The investigations were carried using secondary data provided by the Institute of Environmental Protection of Amazonas (IPAAM), which has registered and stored 1,382 fish farms in its database. The IPAAM datas was examined and organized by the state microregion, exploring its main production indicators, infrastructures in a young way, the size of the projects and the degree of severity of environmental impact by size of the pisciculture. The results obtained show that fish farming is practiced mostly for fattening of tambaqui for commercial purposes, carried out in terra firme structures (excavated ponds and dams) in small flooded areas, with application of semi-intensive production system, being developed near (Manaus), due to its concentration of available logistical and infrastructure factors, with the majority of enterprises classified as low severity of environmental impact.La piscicultura es una actividad zootécnica que más tiene crecido en los últimos años, en especial en la Amazonia Brasileña. El presente estudio fue realizado en el Estado del Amazonas, uno de los mayores consumidores de pescado en el Brasil. El estudio fue realizado con el objetivo de caracterizar los sistemas de producción, el grado de severidad de impactos ambientales que esa actividad promueve a los ambientes Amazónicos son las perspectivas de desenvolvimiento futuro en las diferentes meso regiones del estado. Las investigaciones fueran realizadas por el medio de la coleta de dados secundarios fornecidos por el instituto de Protección Ambiental del Amazonas (IPAAM), que posee registrado y almacenado 1.382 pisciculturas en su banco de datos. Para las investigaciones, las informaciones de los procesos del IPAAM fueran examinadas y organizadas por micro regiones del estado, explotando sus principales indicadores técnicos, las infraestructuras de producciones de formas jóvenes, el tamaño de los emprendimientos y el encuadramiento del grado de severidad de impacto ambiental por porte de la piscicultura. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la piscicultura es platicada mayoritariamente para engorda de Tambaqui con finalidad de comercialización, realizada en estructuras de tierra firme (viveros escavados y represas) en pequeñas áreas inundadas, con implicaciones de sistemas semi intesivo de producción, siendo desarrollada próximo al centro consumidor (Manaus), tiendo como causa de su concentración factores logísticos y de infraestructura disponibles, con la mayoría de los emprendimientos encuadramiento como bajo grado de severidad de impacto ambiental. A piscicultura é umas atividades zootécnicas que mais tem crescido nos últimos anos, em especial na Amazônia Brasileira. O presente estudo foi realizado no Estado do Amazonas, um dos maiores consumidores de pescado no Brasil. O estudo foi realizado com objetivo de caracterizar os sistemas de produção, o grau de severidade de impactos ambientais que essa atividade promove nos ambientes amazônicos e as perspectivas de desenvolvimento futuro nas diferentes mesorregiões do estado. As investigações foram realizadas por meio da coleta de dados secundárias fornecidos pelo Instituto de Proteção Ambiental do Amazonas (IPAAM), que possui registrado e armazenado 1.382 pisciculturas em seu banco de dados. Para as investigações, as informações de processos do IPAAM foram examinadas e organizadas por microrregião do estado, explorando seus principais indicadores técnicos, as infraestruturas de produção de formas jovens, o tamanho dos empreendimentos e o enquadramento do grau de severidade de impacto ambiental por porte da piscicultura. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a piscicultura é praticada majoritariamente para engorda de tambaqui com finalidade de comercialização, realizada em estruturas de terra firme (viveiros escavados e barragens) em pequenas áreas alagadas, com aplicação de sistema semi-intensivo de produção, sendo desenvolvida próximo a centro consumidor (Manaus), tendo como causa da sua concentração fatores logísticos e de infraestrutura disponíveis, com a maioria dos empreendimentos enquadrados como baixo grau de severidade de impacto ambiental
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