Species Specificity in Major Urinary Proteins by Parallel Evolution

Species-specific chemosignals, pheromones, regulate social behaviors such as aggression, mating, pup-suckling, territory establishment, and dominance. The identity of these cues remains mostly undetermined and few mammalian pheromones have been identified. Genetically-encoded pheromones are expected to exhibit several different mechanisms for coding 1) diversity, to enable the signaling of multiple behaviors, 2) dynamic regulation, to indicate age and dominance, and 3) species-specificity. Recently, the major urinary proteins (Mups) have been shown to function themselves as genetically-encoded pheromones to regulate species-specific behavior. Mups are multiple highly related proteins expressed in combinatorial patterns that differ between individuals, gender, and age; which are sufficient to fulfill the first two criteria. We have now characterized and fully annotated the mouse Mup gene content in detail. This has enabled us to further analyze the extent of Mup coding diversity and determine their potential to encode species-specific cues

Fructose content of mouse ejaculates recovered from the uterus after mating.

Summary. Fructose was determined in ejaculates of normal and vasec-tomized male mice, after recovery of the ejaculates from mated females. Approximately 70 % of the total fructose remained in the copulatory plug and only 30 % was present in the fluid portion of the seminal plasma. When the fluid portion of the ejaculate was left in the uterus for 2 hr without contact with the plug (the uterine horn having been ligated), a statistically significant decrease of fructose occurred in relation to the initial value. When, however, such semen was left in the uterus in contact with the plug, this decrease was counterbalanced by an influx of fructose released from the plug. No clear difference in the decrease of fructose content was found be-tween the fluid portion ofejaculates from normal and vasectomized males after 2 hr in the uterus

Structure and gonadotropic hormones content of the pituitary in two inbred strains of mice and f1 hybrids.

© Medwell Journals, 2015. This study reveals the actual problem of correctional pedagogy, concerning the development and implementation of modern comprehensive neuropsychological techniques that will help professionals to reveal the structure of the mechanism and the leading core of the speech defect and can be used in the Lekotek structure. In this study, Lekotek is considered as a variable form of psychological support and pedagogical education of children with disabilities. There is a statement in this study that the priority task of the speech therapy teacher in the Lekotek is to determine the structure and the severity of a speech defect in a child to study nature of verbal communication between the parents and their child and if possible to correct deviations in the development of children's speech. This study deals with a constructive analysis of the results of empirical research which allowed the researchers to identify weak components in the development of three blocks of the brain that require completion. The researchers note that these disorders may further lead to difficulties in studying at school such as impairment in reading and writing and suggest that the most effective form of work will be neuropsychological correction which is based on a set of special neuropsychological methods aimed at restructuring of the defective brain functions and the creation of compensating tools for the child to be able to study on his/her own in the future and to control his/her behavior. Findings presented in this study prove the effectiveness of the application of the above methods in correctional work with children of senior preschool age with disabilities