On Raman spectra of water, its structure and dependence on temperature

Raman spectra of water within the temperature range 20 to 3 C were investigated. Best of all, the complex shape of the obtained spectra was approximated by four (or five) Gaussian-shaped peaks with their positions 3070, 3230, 3440, 3600 (and 3650) cm⁻¹. The most intensive constituents were 3230 and 3440 cm⁻¹ lines, their total contribution to the Raman spectrum of water is higher than 90%. These lines are the most sensitive to the temperature, too. When the temperature decreases from 20 down to 3 C, the positions of these peaks were shifted from 3232 to 3224 cm⁻¹ and from 3441 to 3434 cm⁻¹, respectively; and the intensity of 3230 cm–1 line was increased approximately by 14% in its magnitud

Biosensors for Cellular Imaging on the Base of Colloidal CdMnS Nanoparticles

Semiconductor nanoparticles have rapidly found a broad range of applications as optical imaging agents. The presented paper describes the growth, analysis of optical spectra and study of cellular imaging of Mn-doped cadmium sulfide nanoparticles. Semimagnetic semiconductor nanoparticles CdMnS are characterized by high brightness, improved photostability and multicolor size- and structure-dependent light emission in the visible range of spectra. They are emerging as a new class of fluorescent reporters with properties and applications that are not available with traditional organic dyes. In order to obtain nanosensors different surfactants, growth factors and conditions such as surfactant concentrations, ionic strength, precursor concentration have been varied. Formation of nanoparticles was monitored by optical methods. The average nanoparticle size was estimated by optical spectra. For cellular research histological section of a placental tissues and liver tissues has been used. This procedure is possible only after cell fixation and permeabilization treatment is needed to allow the nanosensors to enter inside the cell

Morphological characteristics of the myocardial contractile apparatus in rats under the influence of hypoxia (literature review and research perspectives)

Conducting model experiments on different age groups of laboratory rats under chronic hypoxic conditions is relevant and aids in studying structural changes in cardiac tissues from a scientific perspective. Understanding the mechanisms of heart adaptation to hypoxia. Research into cardiac adaptation to hypoxia helps uncover the mechanisms that enable the heart to function under low oxygen conditions. Studies on different age groups of rats can help determine how age affects adaptation and the ultrastructure of the heart during hypoxia. The objective of this study is to understand the impact of hypoxia on the hearts of rats at different stages of their lives, including neonates, young, and adult animals. This helps expand our knowledge of the adaptive mechanisms of the heart and may have significant implications for the normal anatomy of laboratory animals, their biological significance, and a comprehensive understanding of the ultrastructural remodeling of the components of the myocardial contractile apparatus. Methods. Systematic Literature Review, Meta-Analysis, Content Analysis, Assessment of Source Quality, Information Retrieval. Results. Chronic hypoxia affects the structure of the myocardial contractile apparatus in rats during different stages of development (from birth to 6 months) as follows: Newborn rats: Hypoxia can lead to myocardial hypertrophy and an increase in the number of capillaries to improve blood supply. 1 month after birth: Under hypoxia, there is myocardial hypertrophy, an increase in the amount of fibrous tissue, and possible vessel remodeling. 3 months after birth: Hypoxia can result in further enlargement of the myocardium, changes in structure and functional parameters, and the development of new vessels. 6 months after birth: At this stage, significant changes are possible, including hypertrophy, vessel remodeling, alterations in functional parameters, and structural peculiarities of the myocardium. Conclusion. Chronic hypoxia affects the morphology of the myocardium in rats at different stages of their development, leading to changes in size, structure, and cardiac functionalit

Comparable analysis of shielding layer parameters for different target materials under the plasma stream exposure

Numerous experiments on the plasma-wall interaction problem have been performed with the powerful quasistationary plasma accelerator (QSPA) K-50 device during last decades. These investigations were performed with different target materials (carbon, tungsten, steel etc.) at the different plasma stream parameters. But such problems as, for example, impact of target material on the basic plasma characteristics at the same plasma stream parameters were unsolved. So this paper is summarizing data of researches of plasma shielding layer using different materials of targets. The plasma parameters (peak values) obtained at the longitudinal magnetic field B=0.54 T were as follows: Ne~10¹⁷ cm⁻³ (measured from Hβ linear Stark-effect), Te~2.7 eV, plasma pressure ~16 Bar. Working gas was hydrogen with a small diagnostics dope of nitrogen.Останнім часом були представлені численні експерименти з проблеми взаємодії плазма-стінка, які проводилися на квазістаціонарному плазмовому прискорювачі (КСПП) Х-50. Ці дослідження були представлені з різними матеріалами мішеней (вуглець, вольфрам, сталі та ін.) при різних параметрах плазмового потоку. Такі проблеми, як вплив матеріалу мішені на основні характеристики плазми при однакових параметрах плазмового потоку досі не вирішені. Тому ця стаття підводить підсумки досліджень перехідного шару плазми з використанням різних матеріалів мішеней. Параметри плазми (максимальні величини) у магнітному полі B=0.54 T такі: Ne~10¹⁷ см⁻³ (виміряні по лінійному Штарк-ефекту Hβ), Te~2.7 eВ, плазмовий тиск ~16 Бар. В ролі робочого газу використовувався водень з невеликим додатком азоту.В последнее время были представлены многочисленные эксперименты по проблеме взаимодействия плазма-стенка, которые проводились на квазистационарном плазменном ускорителе КСПУ Х-50. Эти исследования представлялись с использованием различных материалов мишеней (углерод, вольфрам, сталь и др.) при разных параметрах плазменного потока. Такие проблемы, как влияние материала мишени на основные характеристики плазмы при одинаковых параметрах потока, все еще не решены. Поэтому эта работа подводит итоги исследований переходного плазменного слоя с использованием различных материалов мишеней. Параметры плазмы (пиковые значения) в продольном магнитном поле B=0.54 T следующие: Ne~10¹⁷ см⁻³ (определялось по линейному Штарк-эффекту Hβ ), Te~2.7 эВ, давление плазмы ~16 Бар. В качестве рабочего газа использовался водород с небольшой добавкой азота