Analise dos tipos de ansiedade entre jogadores titulares e reservas de futsal

Objetivo do trabalho e analisar se existem diferenças no tipo de ansiedade apresentada entre os jogadores titulares e reservas. Foi analisado um grupo de adolescentes (16 e 17 anos, do sexo masculino) que praticam o futsal no clube Ypiranga e foi aplicado o teste CSAI-2 que verifica três tipos de ansiedade que sao: o cognitivo (estado emocional), somático (respostas fisiológicas) e autoconfianca (segurança em relação ao esporte). Os resultados mostraram que os jogadores titulares apresentaram prevalência de ansiedade somática enquanto os reservas apresentaram maior ansiedade cognitiva. Na autoconfiança ambos apresentaram um nível elevado. Portanto consideramos a importância de um trabalho multidisciplinar e individualizado para um melhor desempenho

Sexagem de embriões bovinos fecundados in vitro pela técnica de PCR multiplex

Neste trabalho, a técnica de PCR ("polymerase chain reaction") foi utilizada para a sexagem de 92 embriões bovinos fertilizados in vitro. Os embriões originaram-se de fertilização in vitro de oócitos aspirados de ovários de fêmeas bovinas, provenientes de abatedouros comerciais. Os oócitos foram maturados, fertilizados e cultivados até o estádio de blastocisto. Os embriões foram lavados em solução de PBS, transferidos para tubos de polipropileno contendo água ultrapura, e imediatamente congelados a -196ºC. Os embriões foram descongelados sobre isopor contendo gelo picado e tratados com proteinase K. Para a reação de PCR, utilizaram-se alíquotas de 34 µl de cada tudo, onde foram acrescidos dois pares de primers, seqüência BC1.2 e seqüência satélite 1.715, desoxinucleotídeos, MgCl2, tampão PCR 10X, TaqDNA polimerase e água, em um volume final de 50 µl. As amostras foram amplificadas e a eletroforese realizada em gel de poliacrilamida a 8%. Os géis foram corados com solução de brometo de etídio e analisados em transiluminador de luz ultravioleta. Um índice de 93,47% de amplificação foi atingido, com 41 embriões (47,67%) machos e 45 (52,32%) embriões fêmeas. O uso de gel de poliacrilamida a 8% foi eficaz na separação de fragmentos de DNA muito próximos.In the present study the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for sexing ninety-two in vitro fertilized bovine embryos. The embryos were obtained after in vitro fertilization of oocytes from slaughterhouses. The oocytes were matured, fertilized, and cultured until the blastocyst stage. The embryos were washed in PBS solution, and transferred to polypropylene tubes with containing ultrapure water and immediately frozen at -196ºC. The embryos were thawed on ice and treated with proteinase K. For the PCR reaction, aliquots of 34 µl from each tube were mixed to the primers BC1.2 and microsatellite sequence 1715, dNTPs, MgCl2, 10X PCR buffer, Taq DNA polymerase and water in a final volume of 50 µl. The samples were amplified and the PCR products separated by electrophoresis in a 8% polyacrylamide gel. The gels were stained in ethidium bromide solution and vizualized under UV-light. The amplification rate was 93.47%, with 41 (47.67%) male embryos and 45 (52.32%) female embryos. The use of 8% polyacrylamide gel was efficient for separating DNA fragments of very similar size

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Função luteal e luteólise em cadelas: aspectos morfo-funcionais

Os mecanismos luteotróficos e luteolíticos que controlam a função luteal em cadelas têm sido investigados. Este estudo avaliou as concentrações plasmáticas de PGFM e progesterona ao longo da gestação e do diestro, e do estradiol a partir do dia 40 da gestação ou diestro; a produção in vitro de PGF2α através de cultivos de explantes de endométrio, corpo lúteo e placenta, com ou sem estímulo por PDBu; a ocorrência de apoptose nas células luteais; e o envolvimento da enzima caspase-3 na luteólise em cadelas. Foram utilizadas 17 cadelas sem-raça-definida, divididas em dois grupos: diestro e gestação. Foi verificado que a queda das concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona em cadelas é um fenômeno lento e gradativo, que ocorreu a partir do terço inicial da gestação ou do diestro. As concentrações basais de progesterona foram atingidas nos dias 64 e 66 da gestação e diestro, respectivamente. Altas concentrações de PGFM e estradiol foram detectadas na segunda metade do diestro e da gestação. Ocorreu aumento progressivo de PGFM na segunda metade da gestação, e não no diestro, que culminou com um pico préparto. Os cultivos in vitro evidenciaram que o endométrio possui grande capacidade de produção de PGF2α, estimulado ou não por PDBu, superior aos explantes de corpo lúteo e de placenta, e mais pronunciado nos explantes de endométrio de cadelas gestantes comparados aos de cadelas em diestro. As análises histológicas por HE e CEC evidenciaram raras células apoptóticas no corpo lúteo das cadelas gestantes e em diestro, com células luteais íntegras detectadas nos corpos lúteos de cadelas no final da gestação, pós-parto imediato e aos 65 dias do diestro. Material sugestivo de corpus albicans foi evidenciado nos ovários oriundos das cadelas aos 75 e 85 dias do diestro. As concentrações de UAF/μg/ptn de caspase-3 não diferiram entre as... .Luteotrophic and luteolytic mechanisms that control the luteal function in bitches are being investigated. This study evaluated the PGFM and progesterone plasma concentrations throughout pregnancy and diestrus, and plasma estradiol concentrations from day 40 of pregnancy or diestrus on; the in vitro production of PGF2α from explants of endometrium, corpus luteum and placenta cultures, with or without PDBu stimulation; the occurrence of apoptosis in the luteal cells; and the involvement of the enzyme caspase-3 in the luteolysis in bitches. Seventeen crossbred bitches, divided into 2 groups were used: diestrus and pregnancy. It was observed that the decrease of the plasma progesterone concentrations in bitches is a slow and gradual process, wich happened since the initial third of pregnancy or diestrus. The basal values of progesterone occurred at days 64 and 66 of pregnancy and diestrus, respectively. High plasma concentrations of PGFM and estradiol were detected at the second half of pregnancy, and not of diestrus, and culminate with a pre-partum peak. The in vitro cultures showed that endometrium has a big capacity of PGF2α production, stimulated or not by PDBu, and superior to corpus luteum or placenta explants, and also much more pronounced in the endometrium explants from pregnant compared to diestrus bitches. The histological analysis by HE and CEC showed rare apoptotic cells in the corpus luteum from pregnant and diestrus bitches, with intact luteal cells detected in corpora lutea from bitches in final pregnancy, immediate post-partum period and at 65 days of diestrus. Material suggestive of corpus albicans was evidenced in the ovaries of bitches on days 75 and 85 of diestrus. The concentrations of UAF/μg/ptn of caspase-3 did not differ between pregnant or diestrus bitches, and was also detected in the material suggestive of corpus albicans.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Plasma concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F-2-alpha (PGFM), progesterone and estradiol in pregnant and nonpregnant diestrus cross-bred bitches

The canine corpus luteum (CL) typically sustains elevated plasma progesterone concentrations for 2 months or more, with a peak approximately 15-25 days after ovulation, followed by a slow decline. The processes involved in the slow, protracted regression of the CL over the remaining 1.5-2-month period in nonpregnant bitches and until shortly prepartum in pregnant bitches are not well characterized. The rapid luteolysis that occurs immediately prepartum appears to be a result of a prepartum rise in peripheral PGF. The potential role of PGF in the slow regression process in the several weeks preceding parturition and in nonpregnant bitches after 15-25 days after ovulation is not known. Therefore, plasma concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F-2-alpha (PGFM), progesterone (P-4) and estradiol (E-2) Were determined and compared in bitches during nonpregnant diestrus (n = 9) or pregnancy (n = 8). During the gradual decrease in plasma concentrations of progesterone in both groups, the P-4 pattern appeared unrelated to changes in either E-2 or PGFM concentrations. The PGFM pattern was different between diestrus and pregnant bitches (P > 0.01); there was an apparent progressive but slow increase in PGFM in pregnant bitches from Days 30 to 60, followed by a large increase prior to parturition; concentrations declined immediately postpartum. However, there were no increases in PGFM during the same interval in nonpregnant bitches. Mean estradiol concentrations were sporadically elevated during the last third of pregnancy and less so in nonpregnant diestrus; there was no acute prepartum increase in estradiol associated with the PGFM increase. In summary, although there were no apparent changes in peripheral PGF(2)alpha concentration involved in regulating the slow protracted phase of luteal regression in nonpregnant bitches, modest increases in PGFM may play a role in ovarian function after mid-gestation in pregnant bitches. Furthermore, the acute prepartum rise in PGFM was not dependent on any concomitant increase in estradiol concentrations. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Canine corpus luteum regression: Apoptosis and caspase-3 activity

The present study evaluated the occurrence of apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in the canine corpus luteum during the period of luteal regression in eight pregnant and nine nonpregnant diestrus bitches. Intact luteal cells were obtained from corpora lutea in both peripartum pregnant bitches and nonpregnant diestrus bitches at approximately 65 d (range 63-68) after estrus, but not at days 75 and 85 in nonpregnant bitches. In all bitches, apoptotic cells were rarely detected and when present, those cells were more easily detected using the hematoxylin and eosin technique than using the critical electrolyte concentration technique. The luteal structures at 75 and 85 d of diestrus had histological characteristics similar to a corpus albicans. Caspase-3 activity was detected in morphologically normal corpora lutea from both pregnant and diestrus bitches around day 65, and also in the later structures considered corpus albicans tissue. These results suggested that apoptosis may not be the major mechanism involved in canine functional luteal regression, and that caspase-3 participated in both functional and morphological luteolysis and in the tissue reorganization involved in corpus albicans formation. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V

In vitro PGF2 alpha production by endometrium and corpus luteum explants from pregnant and nonpregnant diestrus bitches and placental explants from pregnant bitches

To better understand the process of slow luteal regression of the nonpregnant cycle in dogs and the acute luteolysis that occurs prepartum, the present study investigated in vitro PGF2 alpha production by the endometrium, corpus luteum and placental explants obtained at known times of the cycle from pregnant bitches (days 63, 64 and immediately postpartum; day 0 = estimated day of the ovulatory LH surge) and from nonpregnant diestrus bitches (approximately days 65, 75 and 85). Both basal PGF2 alpha production and its production in the presence of the protein kinase C (PKC) stimulator 12,13-phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu) were determined. For PDBu-supplemented incubations, mean PGF2 alpha production (pg/mL/mg/6 h) by endometrium explants of the nonpregnant bitches in late diestrus was highest on day 65 (205 +/- 87) and reduced to low levels (38 +/- 17 and 11 +/- 11) on days 75 and 85, respectively. The production by corpus luteum explants from these bitches was significantly less on day 65 (46 +/- 14) than that of the day 65 endometrium explants, and was slightly increased on day 85 (103 +/- 52). The corresponding mean PGF2 alpha production by the endometrium explants of pregnant bitches was on average much greater (i.e., two to three-fold) compared to nonpregnant bitches (P < 0.01) and involved high concentrations at day 64 (1523 +/- 467) and postpartum, compared to somewhat lower levels on day 63 (830 +/- 65); luteal PGF production (165 +/- 4) was also higher than in nonpregnant bitches around day 65. For pregnant bitches, PGF production per gram of tissue in the endometrium explants was greater than for the CL or placenta explants (180 +/- 37). Therefore, the endometrium of the pregnant bitch has an increased capability to produce PGF2a immediately prepartum, which on a tissue weight basis, exceeds that of either corpora lutea or the placenta. However, assuming a larger mass of placental tissue in vivo, we inferred that the placenta may contribute substantially to peripheral PGF concentrations. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V

<b>Time on feedlot and sexual effects on animal performance and characteristics of lamb’s meat

For this research 48 male lambs were divided in randomized blocks in a factorial design, having as factors sexual condition (castrated or uncastrated) and time on feed (36 or 78 days). High grain diet was monitored daily to measure the performance of the animal nutrition. The characteristics of the carcass and meat were taken for the fatty acids profile and sensorial analysis. The effect of the factors as sexual condition and time on feed, and the interaction between them, were evaluated by analysis of variance using the GLM procedure of SAS software and the treatment averages were compared by Student's T test. The uncastrated animals presented greater weight gain and dry matter intake, better feed efficiency, and larger loin area. More time on feed resulted in higher weight at slaughter. Parameters such as pH, color, meat tenderness and sensorial attributes were not affected by treatments. For the fatty acid profile there was effects and interactions between sexual condition and time on feed. It is concluded that castration should not be used when the animal is young and slaughtered and feed intensively, but neutering can be interesting to improve the fatty acid profile of the meat.

Eletroacupuntura e morfina sobre parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios em gatas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia eletiva Electroacupuncture and morphine on cardiorespiratory parameters on cat elective ovariohysterectomy

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da morfina e da eletroacupuntura sobre parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e consumo do anestésico isofluorano em gatas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia eletiva. Foram utilizadas 18 gatas hígidas, adultas, distribuídas em três grupos: Eletroacupuntura, Morfina e Controle, as quais receberam acepromazina, propofol e isoflurano. Nos animais dos grupos Controle e Morfina foram introduzidas agulhas em acupontos falsos, e nos do grupo Eletroacupuntura nos pontos Zusanli e Yanglingquan. A eletroestimulação no grupo submetido a Eletroacupuntura foi realizada na frequência de 2 e 100Hz. Nos animais do grupo Morfina, administrou-se a dose de 0,3mg/kg por via intramuscular e no grupo Controle não foi realizado tratamento. O registro das variáveis foi obtido anteriormente à administração da acepromazina; 10 minutos após a aplicação desse fármaco; após indução e estabilização anestésica; decorridos 30 minutos do início da eletroestimulação ou aplicação da morfina; e a cada 10 minutos, durante 60 minutos. Foram estudadas temperatura retal, frequência respiratória e cardíaca, saturação parcial de oxiemoglobina, pressão arterial média, volume total de isoflurano consumido e volume inspirado de isoflurano. Os dados foram submetidos a Análise de Perfil. Somente os animais do grupo Eletroacupuntura (GE) não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os momentos para a pressão arterial média, e observou-se melhor estabilidade cardíaca nos animais do grupo Eletroacupuntura e Morfina. O volume inspirado de isoflurano foi 58,33% menor no grupo Eletroacupuntura e 22,02% no grupo Morfina quando comparados ao grupo Controle. Pode-se concluir que eletroestimulação dos acupontos Zusanli e Yanglingquan, diminui o volume inspirado de isoflurano e promove estabilidade cardiorrespiratória, sendo superior ao uso da morfina.<br>The aim of this work was to evaluate the morphine and electroacupuncture effects on cardiorespiratory parameters and isoflurane consumption in cats submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy. Eighteen healthy cats were equally distributed in three groups: Electroacupunture, Morphine and Control. Animals were anestethized with acepromazine, propofol and isoflurane. Needles were introduced in false acupoints on animals from Control and Morphine groups, and on Zusanli and Yanglingquan acupoints on Electroacupunture group animals. Electroacupuncture was performed with 2 and 100Hz, square wave. Animals from Morphine group received morphine (0.3mg/kg/im) and Control animals received no treatment. Data were recorded just before acepromazine administration; 10 minutes after acepromazine; after anesthetic induction and stabilization; 30 minutes after electrostimulation beginning or morphine injection; and every 10 minutes for 60 minutes. Variables recorded were: rectal temperature; respiratory frequency; heart rate; oxyhemoglobin partial saturation; mean arterial pressure; total volume of consumed isoflurane; and inspired isoflurane volume. Data were analyzed by MANOVA. Only Electroacupunture animals did not show significant difference between moments for mean arterial pressure, while Electroacupunture and Morphine animals presented better cardiac stability. Compared to Control, the inspired isoflurane volume was decreased in 58.33% on Electroacupunture and 22.01% on GM. It is concluded that electrostimulation of Zusanli and Yanglingquan acupoints in cats submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy decreases the inspired isoflurane volume, leading to cardiorespiratory stability, being superior to morphine