Intake, apparent digestibility, and methane emission in bulls receiving a feed supplement of monensin, virginiamycin, or a combination

Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the feed supplements monensin, virginiamycin, or a combination of the two, on intake, digestibility, and methane emission in the male cattle breed F 1 Holstein · Gir. We used a complete randomised design with four treatments consisting of the control, monensin, virginiamycin, and a combination of the two. The basal diets were composed of sorghum silage with Tanzania grass and the concentrate in the 1 : 1 ratio. Nutrient intake (P > 0.05) and the apparent digestibility coefficients (P > 0.05) were not affected by the supplementation with monensin, virginiamycin, or both. The combination of the supplements did affect methane emission (P < 0.05) when expressed in L/day, L/(kg DM), and L/(kg DM digestible). The lowest methane production was obtained with the combination of the supplements

IMPACTO DE VARIÁVEIS CONGNITIVAS E CONTEXTUAIS SOBRE O SUCESSO ACADÊMICO E O BEM ESTAR NA UNIVERSIDADE – QUE FAZER? QUE DEIXAR DE FAZER?

Este estudo parte de uma investigação longitudinal (2019-2022) mais ampla, vinculada ao Grupo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Educação, Psicopedagogia e Psicologia Escolar, UFAM/CNPq, PROCAD/AMAZÔNIA-PPGEUFAM/UFPA/UFMT, Processo CAPES 8881.314288/2019-0, articula-se metodológica e teoricamente com interfaces entre a psicologia escolar, psicologia educacional, pedagogia do ensino superior e educação escolar. Atua no sentido de entender os efeitos de variáveis cognitivas e contextuais sobre o sucesso acadêmico e o bem estar na universidade. A metodologia para coleta de dados é a aplicação de caderno de instrumentos próprios com apoio do Googleodocs, a amostra atual é de n=1112 estudantes de diferentes países (Brasil, México, República Dominicana, Bolívia, Moçambique, Angola, Venezuela, Colômbia, Espanha e Portugal), do sexo masculino e feminino, idade entre 18 e 54 anos e de 51 universidades públicas e privadas que colaboram com a iniciativa. Os dados são analisados com auxílio do Excel e SPSS, de acordo com os interesses dos pesquisadores e objetivos da investigação. Os resultados atuais demonstram a importância da pesquisa sobre os temas abordados pela iniciativa considerando o impacto das variáveis estudadas sobre o rendimento acadêmico e bom estar tanto de estudantes como de docentes e técnicos no ensino superior. Foram identificadas diferenças de países, renda, etnia, gênero e renda. No caso dos docentes e técnicos verificamos evidências da exaustão feminina. Os resultados podem apoiar a administração geral e coordenação educativa e psicopedagógica universitária em sentido amplo, visando a melhoria dos indicadores de sucesso acadêmico e bem estar, por meio da proposição de novas políticas e gestão da educação superior. Palavras-chave: Pesquisa em educação, Ensino superior, Rendimento acadêmico, Bem estar. Políticas de gestão da educação superior. Educação comparada.   IMPACT OF COGNITIVE AND CONTEXTUAL VARIABLES ABOUT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND  WELLBEING IN THE UNIVERSITY. Whato to do? Qhato not to do?   Abstract: This study, part of a further longitudinal investigation (2019-2022), attached to a multidisciplinary group of Educational Research  Scholar Psychotherapy and Psychology, UFAM/CNPq, PROCAD/AMAZONIA-PPGEUFAM/UFPA/UFMT, CAPES process 8881.314288/2019-0, it is articulated methodological and theoretically with interfaces between the scholar and educational psychology, upper and scholar education pedagogy. It acts in the direction of understanding 5he effects og cognitive and contextual variables about the academic achievement and wellness in the university. The methodology to data collection is the application of own instrument cards with the support of Googledocs, the actual sample is quantity of n=1112 students from 51 private and public universities of different countries (Brazil, Mexico, Dominican Republic, Bolivia, Mozambique, Angola, Venezuela, Colombia, Spain and Portugal), from both male and female genders, aging between 18 and 54 years-old. The data were analyzed with the support of software Excel and SPSS, according to the interests of researchers and investigation focus. The actual results show the importance of the research about the themes cited in the initiative considering the impacts of the studied variables over the academic performance and wellness of the students as the teachers and technicians from upper education. There were found differences between countries, income, ethnic and gender. In the cases of the teachers and technicians it was found evidences of female exhaustion. The results could support the general administration, educative and psychopedagogy coordination and in a wide range, looking forward the better successful academic indicators and wellness, through the proposition of new policies and management of upper education. Keywords: Educational Reserch, upper educatión, academic performance, wellness, upper educaciton mangement policies, compared education. &nbsp

Valor energético de dietas para bovinos obtido por respirometria calorimétrica

Submitted by Izabela Soares ([email protected]) on 2019-11-07T17:10:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: cfd6801dba008cb6adbd9838b81582ab (MD5) Tese_Final_corrigida (1).pdf: 1342367 bytes, checksum: bf904d85a9ec66193bcdcd7560f383fb (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Izabel Miranda ([email protected]) on 2019-11-09T11:00:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: cfd6801dba008cb6adbd9838b81582ab (MD5) Tese_Final_corrigida (1).pdf: 1342367 bytes, checksum: bf904d85a9ec66193bcdcd7560f383fb (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-16T16:39:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: cfd6801dba008cb6adbd9838b81582ab (MD5) Tese_Final_corrigida (1).pdf: 1342367 bytes, checksum: bf904d85a9ec66193bcdcd7560f383fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-12CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoUtilizou-se dados de experimentos realizados com bovinos zebuínos e seus cruzamentos, no Laboratório de Calorimetria e Metabolismo Animal da Escola de Veterinária da UFMG entre 2009 e 2015, para avaliar o valor energético de dietas tropicais e desenvolver equações para predição da produção de metano. Utilizaram-se os dados de coleta total de fezes por cinco dias consecutivos e as estimativas utilizadas pelo modelo NRC (2001) para avaliar relações do valor energético, expressas de diferentes formas. A produção de metano foi determinada em câmara respirométrica pela técnica de calorimetria indireta. Obtiveram-se duas equações com uma única variável cada, CMS (kg/dia) e CEB (MJ/dia). Os animais encontravam-se em cresci-mento, terminação, gestação e lactação, possuíam peso vivo de 180 a 683 kg, e foram alimen-tados nos planos nutricionais de manutenção, ad libitum e intermediário (ganhos leves, 0,5 a 0,6 kg/dia), com dietas à base de forragem ou à base de forragem e concentrado. Os concentra-dos foram compostos por milho farelado, farelo de soja e suplemento mineral. Os volumosos utilizados incluíram feno de Tifton-85 (Cynodon spp), e silagens de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor), milho (Zea mays) e capim Tanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Tanzania). O modelo proposto pelo NRC (2001) subestimou os valores de NDT (P<0,01), de EE (P<0,01) digestível, de CNF digestível (P<0,01), e de FDN digestível (P<0,01). A relação entre a concentração de energia digestível e o percentual de NDT foi 0,0348. A relação entre energia metabolizável e energia digestível foi superior a 0,82. As estimativas de NDT através do modelo proposto pelo NRC (2001) não corresponderam às estimativas obtidas in vivo em condição tropical. O principal determinante da produção diária de metano foi o consumo de matéria seca, expresso, em kg/dia (QMR=0,61 e CP=27,2).We used data from experiments with Zebu cattle and their crosses in the Calorimetry Labora-tory and Metabolism Animal of Veterinary School of UFMG between 2009 and 2015 to assess the energy value of tropical diets and develop equations for predicting methane production. They were used data of the total collection the faeces stool for five consecutive days and the estimates used by the NRC (2001) model to evaluate relations of the energy value, expressed in different ways. Methane production was determined in respirometric chamber by the tech-nique of calorimetry indirect. There were obtained two equations with a single variable each, DMI (kg/day) and IGE (MJ/day). The animals were in growing, termination, pregnancy and lactation, had live weight of 180-683 kg and were fed in the nutritional plans of maintenance, ad libitum and intermediate (mild gains 0.5 to 0.6 kg/day ) with forage-based diets or forage-based and concentrated. The concentrates were composed of corn milled, soybean meal and mineral supplement. The forages used included Tifton-85 (Cynodon spp) hay and sorghum si-lage (Sorghum bicolor), corn (Zea mays) and Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania). The model proposed by the NRC (2001) underestimated the values of TDN (P<0.01), of EE (P<0.01) digestible, of NFC (P <0.01) digestible, and of NDF digestible (P<0, 01). The rela-tionship between the concentration of digestible energy and TDN percentage was 0.0348. The relationship between metabolizable energy and digestible energy was greater than 0.82. Esti-mates of the NDT through the model proposed by the NRC (2001) not corresponded the esti-mates obtained in vivo in tropical condition. The main determinant of the daily production of methane was the intake of dry matter, expressed in kg/day (QMR = 0.61 and CP = 27.2)

Análise da contaminação parasitária em compostos orgânicos produzidos com biossólidos de esgoto doméstico e resíduos agropecuários Analysis of parasitological contamination in organic composts with sewage sludge and agricultural residues

Este estudo avaliou a contaminação por ovos de helmintos, cistos e oocistos de protozoários em compostos orgânicos utilizando lodo de esgoto doméstico e resíduos agropecuários. Foram realizadas análises parasitológicas em amostras de 25 diferentes compostos orgânicos, antes e após tratamento térmico a 60&deg;C durante 12 horas. Os resultados demonstraram elevada contaminação parasitária em todos os compostos analisados antes do tratamento e a não redução dessa contaminação após o tratamento térmico. A identificação das larvas obtidas em coproculturas antes e após o tratamento térmico dos compostos indicou que os gêneros mais freqüentemente observados foram Cooperia e Trichostrongylus, que são nematóides gastrintestinais de ruminantes. Estes resultados demonstram que ovos de helmintos podem permanecer viáveis mesmo após o processo de compostagem e o tratamento térmico. Os compostos produzidos com lodo de esgoto doméstico e resíduo agropecuários, utilizando esses processos de tratamentos, podem constituir riscos de contaminação para humanos e animais.<br>This research aimed at evaluating the cysts, oocysts and eggs contamination before and after thermal treatment of 60&deg;C for 12 hours, in 25 different organic composts produced with biosolids from domestic waste-water treatment and animal and agricultural residues. The results showed high parasitological contamination for all organic composts before the treatment and these contaminations were not reduced after thermic treatment. The larva identification in coprocultures before and after thermic treatment showed Cooperia spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. were the most prevalent nematodes. These results demonstrated that helmintus’ eggs can remain viable even after the composing and thermic treatment. The obtained composition with sewage sludge and agricultural residues through these treatment processes can establish contamination risks for humans and animals

Energy partitioning in cattle fed diets based on tropical forage with the inclusion of antibiotic additives.

The aim of this study was to describe energy partitioning in dairy crossbreed bulls fed tropical forage-based diets supplemented with different additives. Twenty F1 crossbred bulls (Holstein x Gyr) with initial and final live weight (LW) averages of 190 ± 17 and 275 ± 20 kg were fed sorghum (Sorghum bicolour) and Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania) silage (70:30 DM basis) with supplemented concentrate at a forage to concentrate ratio of 50:50. The bulls were allocated to four treatment: control groups (without additives), monensin [22 mg/kg monensin dry matter (DM)] (M), virginiamycin (30 mg/kg virginiamycin DM) (V), and combination (22 mg/kg DM of monensin and 30 mg/kg DM of virginiamycin) (MV), in a completely randomised design. The intake of gross energy (GE, MJ/d), digestible energy (DE, MJ/d), metabolizable energy (ME, MJ/d), as well as energy losses in the form of faeces, urine, methane, heat production (HE), and retained energy (RE) were measured. Faecal output was measured in apparent digestibility trial. Right after the apparent digestibility trial, urine samples were collected in order to estimate the daily urinary production of the animals. Heat and methane production were measured in an open circuit respirometry chamber. The intake of GE, DE, and ME of the animals receiving monensin and virginiamycin alone or in combination (MV) showed no differences (P>0.05) from the control treatment. However, the MV treatment reduced (P0.05) the utilization efficiency of ME for weight gain, RE and net gain energy. This study showed that for cattle fed tropical forages, the combination of virginiamycin and monensin as feed additives affected their energy metabolism by a reduction in the energy lost as methane

Energy metabolism of pregnant zebu and crossbred zebu dairy cattle.

The purpose of this study was to determine the energy partition of pregnant F1 Holstein x Gyr with average initial body weight (BW) of 515.6 kg and Gyr cows with average initial BW of 435.1 kg at 180, 210 and 240 days of gestation, obtained using respirometry. Twelve animals in two groups (six per genetic group) received a restricted diet equivalent to 1.3 times the net energy for maintenance (NEm). The proportion of gross energy intake (GEI) lost as feces did not differ between the evaluated breeds and corresponded to 28.65% on average. The daily methane production (L/d) was greater for (P0.05). The daily loss of energy as urine (mean of 1.42 Mcal/d) did not differ (P>0.05) between groups and ranged from 3.87 to 5.35% of the GEI. The metabolizable energy intake (MEI) of F1 HxG animals was greater (P 0.05), with a mean of 146.66 kcal/kg BW0. 75. The ME used by the conceptus was calculated by deducting the metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm) from the MEI, which was obtained in a previous study using the same cows prior to becoming pregnant. The values of NEm obtained in the previous study with similar non-pregnant cows were 92.02 kcal/kg BW0.75 for F1 HxG, and 76.83 kcal/kg BW0.75 for Gyr (P = 0.06). The average ME for pregnancy (MEp) was 5.33 Mcal/d for F1 HxG and 4.46 Mcal/d for Gyr. The metabolizability ratio, averaging 0.60, was similar among the evaluated groups (P>0.05). The ME / Digestible Energy (DE) ratio differed between groups and periods evaluated (P0.05)