O uso de escalas de silhuetas na avaliação da satisfação corporal de adolescentes: revisão sistemática da literatura El uso de escalas de siluetas en la evaluación de la satisfacción corporal de adolescentes: revisión sistemática de la literatura Silhouette scales and body satisfaction in adolescents: a systematic literature review

O objetivo foi sintetizar estudos sobre satisfação corporal de adolescentes, com foco no uso da escala de silhuetas. Realizaram-se buscas nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO, além de teses e dissertações. Foram consideradas 36 publicações nacionais e internacionais. A escala mais utilizada foi a de Stunkard et al., e as imagens foram apresentadas em ordem ascendente, em folha única e autoaplicada. A maioria comparou satisfação versus insatisfação, pelo teste qui-quadrado, e não considerou possíveis variáveis de confusão. Dentre os 18 estudos incluídos na meta-análise, a prevalência de insatisfação variou de 32,2% a 83%, sendo observada não só grande heterogeneidade entre eles (valor de p = 0,000; I² = 87,39), mesmo estratificando-se em subgrupos, como também ausência de informações metodológicas relevantes. Recomenda-se maior rigor na aplicação das escalas e na apresentação dos métodos de estudos sobre a satisfação corporal avaliada pela escala de silhuetas, além da condução de novas investigações metodológicas assim como aqueles que elucidem os fatores relacionados à satisfação corporal.<br>El objetivo fue sintetizar estudios sobre satisfacción corporal de adolescentes, centrándose en el uso de la escala de siluetas. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos MEDLINE, LILACS y SciELO, además de tesis y disertaciones. Se consideraron 36 publicaciones nacionales e internacionales. La escala más utilizada fue la de Stunkard et al., y las imágenes fueron presentadas en orden ascendente, en una hoja única y autoaplicada. La mayoría comparó satisfacción versus insatisfacción, por el test chi-cuadrado, y no consideró posibles variables de confusión. Entre los 18 estudios incluidos en el meta-análisis, la prevalencia de insatisfacción varió de un 32,2% a un 83%, siendo observada no solo una gran heterogeneidad entre ellos (valor de p = 0,000; I² = 87,39), incluso estratificándose en subgrupos, sino también una ausencia de información metodológica relevantes. Se recomienda un mayor rigor en la aplicación de las escalas y en la presentación de los métodos de estudios sobre la satisfacción corporal evaluada por la escala de siluetas, además de la realización de nuevas investigaciones metodológicas, así como aquellas que diluciden los factores relacionados con la satisfacción corporal.<br>The purpose of this study was to summarize studies on adolescents' body satisfaction, focusing on the use of silhouette scales. A systematic review was carried out on MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, and in unpublished papers. The final analysis included 36 studies. The majority adopted the scale proposed by Stunkard et al., self-administered, presented in ascending order and on a single sheet of paper. Most studies compared characteristics on satisfaction and dissatisfaction, used the chi-square test, and did not test for confounding. Among 18 studies included in the meta-analysis, prevalence of body dissatisfaction ranged from 32.2% to 83%. The review showed wide heterogeneity between studies (p-value = 0.000; I² = 87.39) even after sub-group analysis and the absence of relevant information for proper comparison of studies. The article concludes by recommending greater rigor in application of the scales and presentation of study methods on body satisfaction assessed by silhouette scales, in addition to new methodological studies and those that elucidate factors related to body satisfaction

Características individuais associadas à autopercepção da extensão territorial da vizinhança

&#201; crescente o interesse em investigar os impactos da vizinhan&#231;a na sa&#250;de. Para definir vizinhan&#231;a, duas estrat&#233;gias principais s&#227;o encontradas: uma utiliza fronteiras artificiais criadas para finalidades administrativas, a outra considera a defini&#231;&#227;o do indiv&#237;duo, vizinhan&#231;a autopercebida. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os fatores associados &#224; heterogeneidade da autopercep&#231;&#227;o da dimens&#227;o territorial da vizinhan&#231;a entre os participantes de um inqu&#233;rito de sa&#250;de em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Para verificar tal a associa&#231;&#227;o, foi utilizada regress&#227;o log&#237;stica ordinal. Maiores percep&#231;&#245;es de vizinhan&#231;a estiveram associadas a: melhor posi&#231;&#227;o socioecon&#244;mica, trabalhar, avalia&#231;&#227;o positiva dos aspectos est&#233;ticos da vizinhan&#231;a e da mobilidade no interior da vizinhan&#231;a, maior identifica&#231;&#227;o de problemas na vizinhan&#231;a, menor envolvimento em atividades de esporte/lazer e conhecer maior n&#250;mero de pessoas na vizinhan&#231;a. Os resultados deste estudo podem ajudar a delimitar vizinhan&#231;as mais pr&#243;ximas da percep&#231;&#227;o dos indiv&#237;duos, fornecendo estimativas mais precisas dos impactos da vizinhan&#231;a na sa&#250;de

Las características individuales asociadas con la percepción de la extensión territorial del vecindario

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2015-04-24T13:32:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_179.pdf: 746959 bytes, checksum: 7d0db10675a53b4f06b9388dcebe41b9 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2015-04-24T13:32:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_179.pdf: 746959 bytes, checksum: 7d0db10675a53b4f06b9388dcebe41b9 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2015-04-24T13:38:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_179.pdf: 746959 bytes, checksum: 7d0db10675a53b4f06b9388dcebe41b9 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-24T13:38:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_179.pdf: 746959 bytes, checksum: 7d0db10675a53b4f06b9388dcebe41b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil/Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil/Faculdade de Saúde e Ecologia Humana. Vespasiano, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Faculdade de Saúde e Ecologia Humana. Vespasiano, MG, Brasil/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.É crescente o interesse em investigar os impactos da vizinhança na saúde. Para definir vizinhan-ça, duas estratégias principais são encontradas: uma utiliza fronteiras artificiais criadas para finalidades administrativas, a outra considera a definição do indivíduo, vizinhança autopercebi¬da. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os fato¬res associados à heterogeneidade da autopercep-ção da dimensão territorial da vizinhança entre os participantes de um inquérito de saúde em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Para verifi¬car tal a associação, foi utilizada regressão logís¬tica ordinal. Maiores percepções de vizinhança estiveram associadas a: melhor posição socioe-conômica, trabalhar, avaliação positiva dos as¬pectos estéticos da vizinhança e da mobilidade no interior da vizinhança, maior identificação de problemas na vizinhança, menor envolvi¬mento em atividades de esporte/lazer e conhecer maior número de pessoas na vizinhança. Os re¬sultados deste estudo podem ajudar a delimitar vizinhanças mais próximas da percepção dos in¬divíduos, fornecendo estimativas mais precisas dos impactos da vizinhança na saúde.There is a growing interest in evaluating the im¬pact of neighborhood characteristics on health. The definition of neighborhood involves two main strategies, one using artificial boundaries, usually created for administrative purposes, and the other based on the individual’s definition, namely the perceived neighborhood. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with heterogeneity in the perceived neighbor¬hood among participants in a health survey in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Ordi¬nal logistic regression was used to determine and quantify this association. Larger size of the per¬ceived neighborhood was associated with bet¬ter socioeconomic status, positive employment status, positive assessment of aesthetic aspects and mobility within the neighborhood, active identification of problems in the neighborhood, less involvement in sports/leisure activities, and knowing more neighbors. The study’s results can help produce more significant neighborhood definitions that are more consistent with resi¬dents’ own perceptions, thereby favoring more accurate estimates of neighborhood impact on health

Call to restrict neonicotinoids

On 28 April 2018 the European Parliament voted for a complete and permanent ban on all outdoor uses of the three most commonly used neonicotinoid pesticides. With the partial exception of the state of Ontario, Canada, governments elsewhere have failed to take action. Below is a letter, signed by 232 scientists from around the world, urgently calling for global action by policy makers to address this issue

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data