Emprego de soluções adocicadas no alívio da dor neonatal em recém-nascido prematuro: uma revisão integrativa Empleo de soluciones edulcoradas en el manejo del dolor neonatal en recién nacido prematuro: una revisión integrativa Use of sweet solutions for neonatal pain relief in premature newborns: an integrative review

As experiências dolorosas repetida em recém-nascidos podem ter efeito a curto e a longo prazo, especialmente nos prematuros. Como uma medida de alívio da dor, tem sido recomendado o uso de soluções adocicadas em procedimentos dolorosos. Este estudo objetiva avaliar as evidências do efeito da sacarose e da glicose oral no alívio da dor aguda em recém-nascidos prematuros. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa, nas bases de dados MEDLINE e LILACS, no período de 2005 a 2010, foram selecionados oito artigos. A análise destes revelou o efeito analgésico da glicose e da sacarose em procedimentos agudos. Nenhum efeito colateral foi encontrado nos recém-nascidos que receberam a glicose/sacarose. Ressalta-se a importância do uso da escala de avaliação da dor que mais se identifique com a população predominante nas unidades neonatais, que seja de fácil aplicação e manuseio pelos profissionais de saúde.<br>Repetidas experiencias dolorosas en los recién nacidos pueden tener un efecto en el corto y largo plazo, especialmente en recién nacidos prematuros. Como una medida de aliviar el dolor, se ha recomendado el uso de soluciones azucaradas durante los procedimientos dolorosos. Así, este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la evidencia del efecto de la sacarosa o glucosa oral en el alivio del dolor agudo en niños recién nacidos prematuros. Se realizó una revisión integrativa en las bases de datos: MEDLINE y LILACS en el período 2005 a 2010, habiendo sido seleccionados ocho artículos. El análisis reveló el efecto analgésico de la glucosa y la sacarosa en los procedimientos agudos. No se encontró ningún efecto colateral significativo en los recién nacidos que recibieron la glucosa/sacarosa. Se resalta la importancia del uso de la escala de evaluación del dolor que más se identifique con la población predominante en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales y que sea de fácil aplicación y manipulación para los profesionales de la salud.<br>The repeated painful experiences in newborns may have short- and long-time effects, especially in premature infants. The use of sweetened solutions during painful procedures has been recommended as a measure of pain relief. This study aims to evaluate the evidence of the effect of oral sucrose or glucose for acute pain relief in premature infants. An integrative review was conducted in the MEDLINE and LILACS databases. Eight articles were selected from 2005 to 2010. The analyzis of these articles revealed the analgesic effect of glucose and sucrose in acute procedures. No significant side effects were found in infants who received glucose/sucrose. We emphasize the importance of the use of the pain assessment scale most closely related to the predominant population in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, a scale easy to be used and handled by health professionals

Randomized controlled trials in central vascular access devices: A scoping review

Background Randomized controlled trials evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for central venous access devices, however, high complication rates remain. Scoping reviews map the available evidence and demonstrate evidence deficiencies to focus ongoing research priorities. Method A scoping review (January 2006–December 2015) of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of interventions to improve central venous access device outcomes; including peripherally inserted central catheters, non-tunneled, tunneled and totally implanted venous access catheters. MeSH terms were used to undertake a systematic search with data extracted by two independent researchers, using a standardized data extraction form. Results In total, 178 trials were included (78 non-tunneled [44%]; 40 peripherally inserted central catheters [22%]; 20 totally implanted [11%]; 12 tunneled [6%]; 6 non-specified [3%]; and 22 combined device trials [12%]). There were 119 trials (68%) involving adult participants only, with 18 (9%) pediatric and 20 (11%) neonatal trials. Insertion-related themes existed in 38% of trials (67 RCTs), 35 RCTs (20%) related to post-insertion patency, with fewer trials on infection prevention (15 RCTs, 8%), education (14RCTs, 8%), and dressing and securement (12 RCTs, 7%). There were 46 different study outcomes reported, with the most common being infection outcomes (161 outcomes; 37%), with divergent definitions used for catheter-related bloodstream and other infections. Conclusion More high quality randomized trials across central venous access device management are necessary, especially in dressing and securement and patency. These can be encouraged by having more studies with multidisciplinary team involvement and consumer engagement. Additionally, there were extensive gaps within population sub-groups, particularly in tunneled devices, and in pediatrics and neonates. Finally, outcome definitions need to be unified for results to be meaningful and comparable across studies