70 research outputs found

    Localization of radiating sources by an acoustical array

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    International audienceArrays of sensors are used in many fields to detect signals, to resolve closely spaced targets, to estimate the bearing, the position, the strength and other properties of radiating sources whose signals arrive from different directions. The purpose of the work described in the communication is to provide estimators which are used to localize acoustical sources by an acoustical array of sensors. These estimators are based on acoustic processing algorithms: the conventional beamforming, the Minimum Variance and the constrained Capon algorithm. It is shown that these adaptive algorithms can detect radiating sources which are not detectable by classical weighted arrays of sensors. Numerical results are presented

    Antenne acoustique et parcimonie lors de la localisation de sources sonores

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    Un rĂ©seau de microphones constitue une antenne acoustique et sert d’interface entre l’environnement physique et les signaux mesurables. Ces signaux sont alors exploitĂ©s afin de rĂ©aliser une imagerie du champ acoustique incident. Cette imagerie est soit purement spatiale, si elle ne fournit d’information que sur les directions des sources, leurs distances et leurs intensitĂ©s sonores dans une bande frĂ©quentielle, soit spatio-frĂ©quentielle, si elle fournit en outre une information concernant les rĂ©partitions spectrales des signaux qu’elles Ă©mettent. Nous nous proposons de prĂ©senter les principales mĂ©thodes de traitement d’antenne acoustique Ă  haute rĂ©solution spatiale et frĂ©quentielle. Une comparaison des algorithmes en termes de pouvoir de rĂ©solution et de biais est analysĂ©e. Les avantages et les inconvĂ©nients de chaque algorithme sont exposĂ©

    Localisation de sources sonores par représentation parcimonieuse

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    On se propose de localiser des sources sonores par représentation parcimonieuse des données temporelles provenant des microphones formant une antenne acoustique. Les sources sont corrélées ou non corrélées, à bande étroite ou bien à large bande. Des exemples de simulation et des tests en chambre anéchoïque sont présentés montrant les performances des algorithmes proposés. Ces algorithmes sont comparés aux algorithmes traditionnels tels que beamforming, Capon et MUSIC

    Anodic bonding using SOI wafer for fabrication of capacitive micromachined ultrasoonic transducers

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    International audienceIn medical ultrasound imaging, mostly piezoelectric crystals are used as ultrasonic transducers. Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) introduced around 1994 have been shown to be a good alternative to conventional piezoelectric transducers in various aspects, such as sensitivity, transduction efficiency or bandwidth. This paper focuses on a fabrication process for CMUTs using anodic bonding of a silicon on insulator wafer on a glass wafer. The processing steps are described leading to a good control of the mechanical response of the membrane. This technology makes possible the fabrication of large membranes and can extend the frequency range of CMUTs to lower frequencies of operation. Silicon membranes having radii of 50, 70, 100 and 150 ”m and a 1.5 ”m thickness are fabricated and electromechanically characterized using an auto-balanced bridge impedance analyzer. Resonant frequencies from 0.6 to 2.3 MHz and an electromechanical coupling coefficient around 55% are reported. The effects of residual stress in the membranes and uncontrolled clamping conditions are clearly responsible for the discrepancies between experimental and theoretical values of the first resonance frequency. The residual stress in the membranes is determined to be between 90 and 110 MPa. The actual boundary conditions are between the clamped condition and the simply supported condition and can be modeled with a torsional stiffness of 2.10−7 Nm rad-1 in the numerical model

    Comportement vibratoire des piÚces tournantes à l'aide de données sous-échantillonnées

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    Dans le cadre de la surveillance vibratoire des roues aubagées de turbines, l'analyse par mesure optique des temps de passage des aubes permet d'étudier les modes vibratoires d'une roue aubagée en fonctionnement. A partir d'un jeu de capteurs disposés sur le carter en regard de l'aubage, on peut en déduire l'amplitude vibratoire de chaque pale au passage devant le capteur. La principale difficulté d'un tel signal est qu'il est fortement sous-échantillonné et replié. On se propose dans cette étude d'appliquer des méthodes de la théorie de l'échantillonnage non-uniforme pour des structures à support fréquentiel multi-bande afin de diminuer les effets du repliement

    Calcul du rayonnement acoustique des transducteurs capacitifs ultrasonores micro-usinés

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    Les transducteurs ultrasonores capacitifs micro-usinés (CMUT) sont une alternative prometteuse aux transducteurs piezo-électriques. Ils sont constitués d'un trÚs grand nombre de micro-membranes organisées en réseau et actionnées électrostatiquement. Nous proposons une méthode de calcul originale permettant de déterminer la pression acoustique émise par le réseau en prenant en compte explicitement l'effet de chaque micro-membrane. Les performances de la méthode sont démontrées sur des transducteurs typiques

    Association between Ambient Noise Exposure and School Performance of Children Living in An Urban Area: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study

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    16 pages Article disponible à l'adresse suivante : http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11524-013-9843-6International audienceMost of the studies investigating the effects of the external noise on children's school performance have concerned pupils in schools exposed to high levels due to aircraft or freeway traffic noise. However, little is known about the consequences of the chronic ambient noise exposure at a level commonly encountered in residential urban areas. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the school performance of 8- to 9-year-old-children living in an urban environment and their chronic ambient noise exposure at home and at school. The children's school performances on the national standardized assessment test in French and mathematics were compared with the environmental noise levels. Children's exposure to ambient noise was calculated in front of their bedrooms (Lden) and schools (LAeq,day) using noise prediction modeling. Questionnaires were distributed to the families to collect potential confounding factors. Among the 746 respondent children, 586 were included in multilevel analyses. On average, the LAeq,day at school was 51.5 dB (SD= 4.5 dB; range = 38-58 dB) and the outdoor Lden at home was 56.4 dB (SD= 4.4 dB; range = 44-69 dB). LAeq,day at school was associated with impaired mathematics score (p = 0.02) or impaired French score (p = 0.01). For a + 10 dB gap, the French and mathematics scores were on average lower by about 5.5 points. Lden at home was significantly associated with impaired French performance when considered alone (p < 10(-3)) and was borderline significant when the combined home-school exposure was considered (p = 0.06). The magnitude of the observed effect on school performance may appear modest, but should be considered in light of the number of people who are potentially chronically exposed to similar environmental noise levels

    Traitement d'antenne acoustique par analyse parcimonieuse des signaux issus de microphones

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    National audienceTraitement d'antenne acoustique par analyse parcimonieuse des signaux issus de microphone

    Source localization by sensor array processing using a sparse signal representation

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    International audienceSource localization by sensor array processing using a sparse signal representatio
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