Demonstration of early functional compromise of bone marrow derived hematopoietic progenitor cells during bovine neonatal pancytopenia through in vitro culture of bone marrow biopsies

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) is a syndrome characterised by thrombocytopenia associated with marked bone marrow destruction in calves, widely reported since 2007 in several European countries and since 2011 in New Zealand. The disease is epidemiologically associated with the use of an inactivated bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) vaccine and is currently considered to be caused by absorption of colostral antibody produced by some vaccinated cows (“BNP dams”). Alloantibodies capable of binding to the leukocyte surface have been detected in BNP dams and antibodies recognising bovine MHC class I and β-2-microglobulin have been detected in vaccinated cattle. In this study, calves were challenged with pooled colostrum collected from BNP dams or from non-BNP dams and their bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) cultured <it>in vitro</it> from sternal biopsies taken at 24 hours and 6 days post-challenge.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Clonogenic assay demonstrated that CFU-GEMM (colony forming unit-granulocyte/erythroid/macrophage/megakaryocyte; pluripotential progenitor cell) colony development was compromised from HPCs harvested as early as 24 hour post-challenge. By 6 days post challenge, HPCs harvested from challenged calves failed to develop CFU-E (erythroid) colonies and the development of both CFU-GEMM and CFU-GM (granulocyte/macrophage) was markedly reduced.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study suggests that the bone marrow pathology and clinical signs associated with BNP are related to an insult which compromises the pluripotential progenitor cell within the first 24 hours of life but that this does not initially include all cell types.</p

Imprint of trace dissolved oxygen on prokaryoplankton community structure in an oxygen minimum zone

© The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Faull, L. M., Mara, P., Taylor, G. T., & Edgcomb, V. P. Imprint of trace dissolved oxygen on prokaryoplankton community structure in an oxygen minimum zone. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, (2020): 360, doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00360.The Eastern Tropical North Pacific (ETNP) is a large, persistent, and intensifying oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) that accounts for almost half of the total area of global OMZs. Within the OMZ core (∼350–700 m depth), dissolved oxygen is typically near or below the analytical detection limit of modern sensors (∼10 nM). Steep oxygen gradients above and below the OMZ core lead to vertical structuring of microbial communities that also vary between particle-associated (PA) and free-living (FL) size fractions. Here, we use 16S amplicon sequencing (iTags) to analyze the diversity and distribution of prokaryotic populations between FL and PA size fractions and among the range of ambient redox conditions. The hydrographic conditions at our study area were distinct from those previously reported in the ETNP and other OMZs, such as the ETSP. Trace oxygen concentrations (∼0.35 μM) were present throughout the OMZ core at our sampling location. Consequently, nitrite accumulations typically reported for OMZ cores were absent as were sequences for anammox bacteria (Brocadiales genus Candidatus Scalindua), which are commonly found across oxic-anoxic boundaries in other systems. However, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) distributions and maximal autotrophic carbon assimilation rates (1.4 μM C d–1) coincided with a pronounced ammonium concentration maximum near the top of the OMZ core. In addition, members of the genus Nitrospina, a dominant nitrite-oxidizing bacterial (NOB) clade were present suggesting that both ammonia and nitrite oxidation occur at trace oxygen concentrations. Analysis of similarity test (ANOSIM) and Non-metric Dimensional Scaling (nMDS) revealed that bacterial and archaeal phylogenetic representations were significantly different between size fractions. Based on ANOSIM and iTag profiles, composition of PA assemblages was less influenced by the prevailing depth-dependent biogeochemical regime than the FL fraction. Based on the presence of AOA, NOB and trace oxygen in the OMZ core we suggest that nitrification is an active process in the nitrogen cycle of this region of the ETNP OMZ.This project resulted from a cruise of opportunity and was not expressly funded by any particular project. Projects which contributed to travel and sequencing costs had no funds allocated to publication costs and expired over a year ago. As I am a very active member of the Frontiers in Marine Science Editorial Board. I was granted one free submission and now request a waiver of the Article Processing Charges for this article

Kepadatan Nyamuk Tersangka Vektor Filariasis Di Desa Panumbangan, Kabupaten Ciamis, Desa Jalaksana Kabupaten Kuningan Dan Batukuwung Kabupaten Serang

Filariasis merupakan satu di antara penyakit tular vektor yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Dampak kesehatan yang diakibatkan oleh filariasis adalah dapat menimbulkan demam, rasa kelelahan dan kecacatan permanen. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kepadatan nyamuk yang berperan sebagai vektor filaria dan mencari data mengenai kondisi lingkungan yang mendukung terjadinya penularan filariasis di Kab. Ciamis, Kab. Kuningan dan Kab. Serang. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan desain observasional spot survei. Sampel adalah nyamuk tersangka vektor yang tertangkap dengan metode landing collection dan resting di rumah maupun di alam. Hasil penelitian menemukan spesies nyamuk yang dominan di tiga lokasi penelitian yang tertangkap baik secara umpan orang maupun istirahat adalah Cx. sitiens, Cx. tritaeniorhyncus dan Cx. quinquefasciatus. Nyamuk dominan di Desa Panumbangan, Kab. Ciamis adalah Cx. sitiens dengan nilai kelimpahan nisbi dan angka dominansi sebesar 0,579. Di Desa Jalaksana, Kab. Kuningan nyamuk dominan adalah Cx. sitiens dengan nilai kelimpahan nisbi 0,630 dan angka dominansi sebesar 0,525. Desa Batukuwung Kabupaten Serang yang dominan adalah Cx. quinquefasciatus dengan nilai kelimpahan nisbi dan angka dominansi sebesar 0,8414. Faktor lingkungan di wilayah penelitian mendukung untuk perkembangbiakan nyamuk sebagai vektor filarial.Kondisi lingkungan fisik suhu, kelembaban di lokasi tersebut, berturut-turut 24 – 25 oC dan 79 – 88%

Analisis Perilaku Masyarakat terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat Filariasis di Tiga Desa Kecamatan Majalaya Kabupaten Bandung Tahun 2013

Program eliminasi filariasis di Indonesia ditetapkan dua pilar yaitu memutuskan rantai penularan dengan pemberian obat massal pencegahan filariasis (POMP filariasis) di daerah endemis serta mencegah dan membatasi kecacatan akibat filariasis. Target program filariasis disebutkan bahwa cakupan POMP minimal yang harus dicapai untuk memutus rantai penularan sebesar 85%. Kabupaten Bandung merupakan wilayah Provinsi Jawa Barat yang angka cakupan POMP nya masih rendah yaitu 78% dibandingkan dengan wilayah lain yang sudah melakukan POMP. Kondisi ini yang melatarbelakangi penelitian tentang analisis perilaku masyarakat terhadap kepatuhan minum obat POMP sehingga dapat diketahui faktor apa yang dapat menjadi pengungkit agar cakupan POPM di Kab. Bandung mengalami peningkatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran dan pengaruh perilaku masyarakat terhadap kepatuhan minum obat POMP. Penelitian ini merupakan cross sectional studies. Lokasi Penelitian di laksanakan di tiga desa terpilih di Kecamatan Majalaya Kab. Bandung, selama dua bulan yaitu bulan Agustus September tahun 2013. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa praktek masyarakat dalam pencegahan, pengendalian dan pengobatan filariasis di kecamatan Majalaya mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan (p-value 0.001) terhadap kepatuhan masyarakat untuk minum obat. Kepatuhan minum obat tidak berdiri sendiri, kondisi ini terkait erat dengan dukungan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) baik petugas kesehatan, kader, lintas sektor dan gencarnya promosi melalui berbagai media promosi tentunya. Kata kunci : kepatuhan minum obat, filariasis, perilaku masyarakat, pengetahuanAbstractFilariasis elimination program in Indonesia set two pillars that cut the transmission with the prevention of filariasis mass drug administration (POMP filariasis) in endemic areas and preventing and limiting disability due to filariasis. POMP minimum coverage by 85% must be achieved to break the chain of transmission. Bandung Regency POMP coverage is still low at 78% compared to other regions in West Java Province. It required an analysis of community behavior towards filariasis drug compliance so it can be known which factors may be the leverage of POPM coverage in the regency. This study is to describe and observe peoples behavior influence toward POMP medication adherence. This study was a cross sectional studies. Research location carried in three selected villages in the Majalaya district, Bandung Regency, for two months in August-September 2013. Primary data were collected by interviews using a structured questionnaire. The results showed that the practice of taking medication adherence was significantly related to the community compliance to take medication (p-value 0,001). Medication adherence is closely related to the human resources support both health care workers, cadres, cross-sector, and the promotion through a variety of promotional media.Keywords : filariasis, drug compliance, community behavior, knowledg

Clustering of galaxies around GRB sight-lines

There is evidence of an overdensity of strong intervening MgII absorption line systems distributed along the lines of sight towards GRB afterglows relative to quasar sight-lines. If this excess is real, one should also expect an overdensity of field galaxies around GRB sight-lines, as strong MgII tends to trace these sources. In this work, we test this expectation by calculating the two point angular correlation function of galaxies within 120$^{\prime\prime}$ ($\sim470~h_{71}^{-1}~\mathrm{Kpc}$ at $\langle z\rangle \sim0.4$) of GRB afterglows. We compare the Gamma-ray burst Optical and Near-infrared Detector (GROND) GRB afterglow sample -- one of the largest and most homogeneous samples of GRB fields -- with galaxies and AGN found in the COSMOS-30 photometric catalog. We find no significant signal of anomalous clustering of galaxies at an estimated median redshift of $z\sim0.3$ around GRB sight-lines, down to $K_{\mathrm{AB}}<19.3$. This result is contrary to the expectations from the MgII excess derived from GRB afterglow spectroscopy, although many confirmed galaxy counterparts to MgII absorbers may be too faint to detect in our sample -- especially those at $z>1$. We note that the addition of higher sensitivity Spitzer IRAC or HST WFC3 data for even a subset of our sample would increase this survey's depth by several orders of magnitude, simultaneously increasing statistics and enabling the investigation of a much larger redshift space.}Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures. A&A accepte

Gambaran Surveilans Filariasis Di Kabupaten Bandung Provinsi Jawa Barat

Program eliminasi filariasis di Indonesia ditetapkan dua pilar yaitu memutuskan rantai penularan dengan pemberian obat massal pencegahan filariasis (POMP filariasis) di daerah endemis dan mencegah dan membatasi kecacatan karena filariasis. Untuk mencegah terjadinya penularan ulang di daerah yang sudah melakukan POMP, perlu dilakukan kegiatan surveilans yaitu pengamatan secara terus menerus untuk mengamati perkembangan kasus baru serta faktor risiko terjadinya penularan; karena itu diperlukan informasi surveilans yang sesuai fakta di lapangan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan desain penelitian cross sectional studies. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Bandung yang telah melaksanakan POMP, waktu penelitian selama 6 bulan. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan In - depth interview terhadap pengelola program filaria tingkat kabupaten, puskesmas dan kader. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan surveilans filariasis di Kabupaten Bandung hanya terfokus pada surveilans pengobatan, untuk surveilans "case finding" belum dilaksanakan secara optimal. Kegiatan dalam surveilans pengobatan meliputi sosialisasi mengenai informasi tatalaksana kasus filariasis, pendataan penduduk sasaran, melakukan kerjasama lintas sektor, pelatihan tenaga eliminasi, pencanangan pengobatan massal dan pelaksanaan POMP

The Distribution of Culex Spp (Diptera: Culicidae) in Selected Endemic Lymphatic Filariasis Villages in Bandung District West Java Indonesia

. Bandung district has been implemented mass drug administration (MDA) program since 2009, but little is known about entomological data especially about bionomic aspects and distribution of lymphatic filariasis (LF) mosquito vectors. This study was aimed to identify potential LF mosquito species and its potential breeding sites in two LF endemic villages in Majalaya, Bandung district. The observational study was conducted in September-October 2013. Mosquito larvae were collected by a scoop and adult mosquitos were captured through indoor-outdoor human-landing and resting collection to identify species diversity and density. Six species filariasis mosquito vectors were identified. The primary LF vectors, Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were found as dominant species with peak landing time between 9 p.m. – 1 a.m. Five potential breeding sites was identified near to villages including neglected fish-pool and paddy field with salinity 0‰, water temperature 28.5-29°C, pH 6-7. The Man-Hour Density (MHD) and Man-Biting Rate (MBR) of Cx. quinquefasciatus was relatively low, however, transmission may potentially occur due to their existence and the availability of favorable environmental conditions across the villages