Optimización de contratación de electricidad para consumidores domésticos y pymes

En el presente proyecto se describen los procesos que han dado lugar al sistema eléctrico del que disponemos actualmente, cómo hemos ido evolucionando hacia la liberalización del mercado, lo que ha permitido disfrutar de las opciones de contratación presentes hoy en día en el mercado. Partiendo de esa base, y como objetivo principal, se describen los mecanismos necesarios para la optimización de la factura eléctrica. En primer lugar se realiza una breve introducción de los temas a tratar en este proyecto, asi como la definición de los objetivos principales. Posteriormente, para ir adentrándonos en los aspectos más específicos del sistema eléctrico y a modo introductorio, se explica el funcionamiento del mercado, haciendo un recorrido de su evolución desde los tiempos del Marco Legal Estable, totalmente regulado por el gobierno, hasta la actualidad, donde disponemos de un sistema de libre mercado. Este proceso se ha denominado liberalización del sistema eléctrico español. Una vez definido el sistema eléctrico español en rasgos generales, se procede a desglosar las componentes del suministro de electricidad, tanto las componentes reguladas cómo las procedentes del libre mercado. Muchas de estas componentes se recogen en los peajes de acceso, que se definirán para los distintos segmentos. Para comprender las componentes propias del mercado liberado se procederá a la definición más exhaustiva de los tipos de mercados y su funcionamiento. A continuación, se definen las distintas opciones de contratación para el segmento a estudio, así como los métodos de facturación en cada caso; dando algunos ejemplos de aplicación y opciones reales presentes en el mercado. Por último, tras el análisis previo se dispone de las herramientas necesarias para proceder con la aplicación de mecanismos de optimización para un caso concreto. Se procederá a la optimización tanto del término de potencia como de energía atendiendo a la definición de la potencia contratada y del comportamiento del consumidor.In the present Project describes the processes that have led to the actual electric system, how we have been evolving to the liberation of the electric market, what has allowed consumers to enjoy the different contracting options present nowadays in the market. On that basis, and as a principal goal, there are described the necessary mechanisms for the optimization of the electric bill. In the first place, there are introduced all the topics to discuss in this Project, as well as the definition of the principal goals. Then, going deeper to the most specific aspects of the electric system and as an introduction, the operation of the market is explained, analyzing its evolution from times of the Marco Legal Estable, full-regulated by the government, to the present, where we have a free-market system. This process has been called the liberation of the Spanish electric system. Once defined the Spanish electric system in general terms, it is proceed to list the different components of the electricity supply, both regulated and the ones derived from the free market. Several of these components are gathered on the access fees, which will be defined for the different segments. To understand the components derived from the free market a more exhaustive description of the different markets and their operation will be done. Then, there are described the different contracting options for the segment to study, as well as the invoicing methods in each case; leading to some application examples and real offers present in the market. By last, after the previous analysis the needed tools are available to start with the application of the optimization methods for a particular case. The optimization will be done for both power and energy concepts, according to the subscribed power definition and consumer behavior.Ingeniería Industria

Optimization techniques in respiratory control system models

One of the most complex physiological systems whose modeling is still an open study is the respiratory control system where different models have been proposed based on the criterion of minimizing the work of breathing (WOB). The aim of this study is twofold: to compare two known models of the respiratory control system which set the breathing pattern based on quantifying the respiratory work; and to assess the influence of using direct-search or evolutionary optimization algorithms on adjustment of model parameters. This study was carried out using experimental data from a group of healthy volunteers under CO2 incremental inhalation, which were used to adjust the model parameters and to evaluate how much the equations of WOB follow a real breathing pattern. This breathing pattern was characterized by the following variables: tidal volume, inspiratory and expiratory time duration and total minute ventilation. Different optimization algorithms were considered to determine the most appropriate model from physiological viewpoint. Algorithms were used for a double optimization: firstly, to minimize the WOB and secondly to adjust model parameters. The performance of optimization algorithms was also evaluated in terms of convergence rate, solution accuracy and precision. Results showed strong differences in the performance of optimization algorithms according to constraints and topological features of the function to be optimized. In breathing pattern optimization, the sequential quadratic programming technique (SQP) showed the best performance and convergence speed when respiratory work was low. In addition, SQP allowed to implement multiple non-linear constraints through mathematical expressions in the easiest way. Regarding parameter adjustment of the model to experimental data, the evolutionary strategy with covariance matrix and adaptation (CMA-ES) provided the best quality solutions with fast convergence and the best accuracy and precision in both models. CMAES reached the best adjustment because of its good performance on noise and multi-peaked fitness functions. Although one of the studied models has been much more commonly used to simulate respiratory response to CO2 inhalation, results showed that an alternative model has a more appropriate cost function to minimize WOB from a physiological viewpoint according to experimental data.Postprint (author's final draft

Effect of stevia supplementation of kale juice spheres on their quality changes during refrigerated shelf life

Kale is a vegetable with high contents of health–promoting compounds although its consumption as a beverage is highly limited due to its bitter flavour. Nonetheless, the bitter flavour of Brassicas may be masked by sweetening. Then, the effects of different stevia extracts (CTRL, S0.5 (g L–1), S1.25 and S2.5), added to an innovative kale beverage presentation, were studied on the kale juice spheres quality during 7 days at 5ºC. Kale juice spheres were produced with a double spherification technique, which allowed to obtain hydrogel spheres with high mechanical resistance.The authors express their gratitude to CNPq (Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brazil) for a doctoral grant (232758/2014−0) made to Tâmmila Venzke Klug. The authorsare grateful to S.G. Hasa for her skillful technical assistance. The authors are also grateful to Sakata Seeds Ibérica SLU and to Sacoje SCL for providing the plant material

Impact of Spent Mushroom Substrates on the Fate of Pesticides in Soil, and Their Use for Preventing and/or Controlling Soil and Water Contamination: A Review

Intensive crop production involves a high consumption of pesticides. This is a cause of major environmental concern because the presence of pesticides in water is becoming increasingly common. Physicochemical methods based on soil modification with organic residues have been developed to enhance the immobilization and/or degradation of pesticides in agricultural soils, which may control both the diffuse and the point pollution of soils and waters. This review summarizes the influence of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) on the environmental fate of pesticides when both are simultaneously applied in agriculture. The processes of adsorption, leaching and dissipation of these compounds in SMS-amended soils were evaluated at laboratory and field scale. Relationships were established between the experimental parameters obtained and the properties of the soils, the SMS, and the pesticides in order to determine the effect that the application of SMS in agricultural soils has on the environmental impact of pesticides. Accordingly, this review highlights the use of SMS as a strategy for the prevention and/or control of soil and water contamination by pesticides to strike a balance between agricultural development and the use of these compounds.The authors are grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Projects AGL2007-61674/AGR and AGL2010-15976/AGR), and Regional Junta de Castilla y León (Project CSI03A09). J.M.M.-B. thanks Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for his “Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación” postdoctoral contract (IJCI-2014-19538). We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI)

Aggregation, Filtering and Curation for Teacher's Professional Development

El creciente aumento de información en nuestra sociedad hace cada vez más patente la necesidad de realizar una gestión eficaz de la misma. Esto cobra especial relevancia en el ámbito profesional, donde se requiere una actualización cada vez más constante. En este sentido, la aplicación de estrategias de curación emerge como un proceso que puede afrontar esta situación. En este trabajo presentamos una clasificación de herramientas TIC para la curación y una propuesta de estrategia para la actualización profesional del docente.The increasing availability of information in our society makes clearer the need of its effective management. This is especially important in the professional field, which requires a more frequent update. In this sense, the implementation of curation strategies emerges as a process that can deal with this situation. We present a classification of ICT tools for curation and a strategy for the professional development of teachers

The Interaction of Biological and Environmental Factors in Predicting Educational Attainment: The Role of Early Pubertal Development Among Emerging Adult Women in Rural and Urban Settings

The inventlon provides highly functionahsed spiro-fused azetidinones having a cyclohexane moiety with the desired number of protected or unprotected hydroxyl groups or carbonated structures, which are introduced with high stereo and regioselectivity, as well as processes for their obtention.Peer reviewedA1 Solicitud de patente con informe sobre el estado de la técnic

Itinerario en que se contiene el modo de hacer con utilidad los viages a Cortes Estrangeras [Texto impreso] ; con dos Dissertaciones ...

Sign.: [sol]6, 2[sol]4, A-T8Disertacion I: Sobre el modo de ordenar y componer una libreria. Disertacion II: Sobre el modo de poner en orden un archivo

A Study of Organization Communication towards Effective Decision Making -Roles of "Information" and Governance on IT Projects-

La invención proporciona intermedios útiles para la síntesis de TTX y análogos de la misma, así como procedimientos para la síntesis de los mismos. Los compuestos de la invención proporcionan acceso de forma flexible a distintos análogos de TTX.Peer reviewedConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasB1 Patente sin examen previ

Effect of stevia extracts on total phenolics and antioxidant capacity of kale juice spheres

[SPA] Kale es una verdura con un alto contenido en compuestos beneficiosos para la salud, pero su consumo como bebida está muy limitado por su sabor amargo. Se estudió el efecto de diferentes extractos de stevia (S10, S25 y S50) sobre el contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales (TPC) y capacidad antioxidante total (TAC) mediante DPPH y FRAP de esferas de zumo de kale durante 7 días a 5 °C. Las esferas se produjeron con una técnica de doble esferificación que permitió obtener esferas de hidrogel con alta resistencia mecánica. El TPC de las muestras S25 mostró el valor más bajo en el día 0, con diferencias en relación a las otras muestras. La mayor TAC se observó en las muestras evaluadas por FRAP. Tras 3 días de almacenamiento, se observó una disminución del TAC (por DPPH y FRAP). Estos resultados determinaron que se pueden producir esferas de zumo de kale con diferentes extractos de stevia y con altos niveles de antioxidantes. [ENG] Kale is a vegetable with high contents of health-promoting compounds, but its consumption as a beverage is highly limited by its bitter flavour. So, the effects of different stevia extracts (S10, S25 and S50) on the total phenolic contents (TPC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by DPPH and FRAP of kale juice spheres was studied during 7 days at 5 °C. Spheres were produced with a double spherification technique which allowed to obtain hydrogel spheres with high mechanical resistance. The TPC of S25 samples showed the lowest value at day 0, with differences between other samples. The higher antioxidant capacity was observed in samples evaluated by FRAP, without differences between samples. After 3 days of storage, a decrease in TAC evaluated in both assays studied (DPPH and FRAP) was observed. These results determined that kale juice spheres with different stevia extracts and with high antioxidants levels can be produced.Gratitude is expressed to the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) of Brazil for a grant support to Tâmmila Venzke Klug. Authors are grateful to Sakata Seeds Ibérica S.L.U. for financial support and to Sacoje SCL for providing the plant material

Modulation of KV4.3-KChIP2 Channels by IQM-266: Role of DPP6 and KCNE2

The transient outward potassium current (Itof) is generated by the activation of KV4 channels assembled with KChIP2 and other accessory subunits (DPP6 and KCNE2). To test the hypothesis that these subunits modify the channel pharmacology, we analyzed the electrophysiological effects of (3-(2-(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetamido)-2-naphthoic acid) (IQM-266), a new KChIP2 ligand, on the currents generated by KV4.3/KChIP2, KV4.3/KChIP2/DPP6 and KV4.3/KChIP2/KCNE2 channels. CHO cells were transiently transfected with cDNAs codifying for different proteins (KV4.3/KChIP2, KV4.3/KChIP2/DPP6 or KV4.3/KChIP2/KCNE2), and the potassium currents were recorded using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. IQM-266 decreased the maximum peak of KV4.3/KChIP2, KV4.3/KChIP2/DPP6 and KV4.3/KChIP2/KCNE2 currents, slowing their time course of inactivation in a concentration-, voltage-, time- and use-dependent manner. IQM-266 produced an increase in the charge in KV4.3/KChIP2 channels that was intensified when DPP6 was present and abolished in the presence of KCNE2. IQM-266 induced an activation unblocking effect during the application of trains of pulses to cells expressing KV4.3/KChIP2 and KV4.3/KChIP2/KCNE2, but not in KV4.3/KChIP2/DPP6 channels. Overall, all these results are consistent with a preferential IQM-266 binding to an active closed state of Kv4.3/KChIP2 and Kv4.3/KChIP2/KCNE2 channels, whereas in the presence of DPP6, IQM-266 binds preferentially to an inactivated state. In conclusion, DPP6 and KCNE2 modify the pharmacological response of KV4.3/KChIP2 channels to IQM-266.MCIN/AEI SAF2016-75021-R RTI2018-097189-B-C22 BIO2017-89523-R PID2019-104366RB-C21 PID2019-104366RB-C22 PID2020-114256RB-I00 PID2020-119805RB-I00 BES-2017-080184 BES-2010-036573 PRE2018-083280 RYC2018-023837-IERDF A way of making Europe SAF2016-75021-R RTI2018-097189-B-C22 BIO2017-89523-RFEDER/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento A-FQM-386-UGR20Instituto de Salud Carlos III CIBERCV CB/11/00222Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas PIE202180E073 PIE201820E104 2019AEP148ESF Investing in your future BES-2017-080184 BES-2010-036573 PRE2018-083280 RYC2018-023837-IInstituto de Salud Carlos IIISpanish GovernmentEuropean Commission FPU17/0273