Percepciones sobre el re-uso de productos en la categoría de bebés, como una alternativa a la generación de residuos

La población mundial va en aumento y se espera que para el 2025 llegue a los 8 mil 500 millones de habitantes. Así mismo, se ha visto en aumento la necesidad de producir elementos de consumo satisfactorios momentáneos y desechables, obteniendo como consecuencia la contaminación generada por residuos. Debido a esto, los gobiernos han tomado cartas en el asunto al crear una nueva legislación en pro del medio ambiente, que obliga a fabricantes e importadores a gestionar un empaque con políticas a nivel ambiental. Las empresas se verán en la obligación de desarrollar sistemas de manejo de residuos que podrían significar un alto costo para ellas, y en la búsqueda de minimizar el impacto en su rentabilidad, podrían buscar alternativas que disminuyan la generación de estos residuos, como en el caso de Colombia, en donde se exige mejorar los patrones de producción y consumo. El propósito de esta investigación es ampliar el conocimiento acerca de las percepciones sobre el re-uso de productos en la categoría de bebés, como alternativa a la generación de residuos desde la perspectiva de las madres y los padres del área metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá, con bebés entre los 0 y los 36 meses. Se usó el método de investigación cualitativa, por medio de una entrevista virtual a 12 personas con hijos entre los 0 y 36 meses. A partir de las entrevistas se comprendió que existen tres motivadores que influyen de forma significativa para aumentar la disposición a re-usar un producto de bebe: la cercanía entre los usuarios del producto, el tema económico y el factor ecológico o ambiental. Adicionalmente, otro de los hallazgos realizados en esta investigación es que las personas están dispuestas a aplicar prácticas pro ambientales y modelos de re-uso, siempre y cuando no les genere complicaciones, más trabajo o necesidad de dedicar más tiempo.The number of the population is increasing and it is expected that by 2025 it will reach 8.5 billion inhabitants. Likewise, the need to produce satisfactory momentary and disposable consumer items has increased, resulting in contamination generated by waste. Due to this, governments have taken action on the matter, generating new legislation in favor of the environment, forcing manufacturers and importers to manage a package with certain environmental policies. Companies will be obliged to develop waste management systems that could mean a high cost for them, and in the search to minimize the impact on their profitability they could look for alternatives that reduce the generation of this waste, as in the case of Colombia where it is required to improve production and consumption patterns. The purpose of this research is to expand the knowledge about the perceptions about reuse in the category of babies as an alternative to the generation of waste, of mothers and fathers with babies between 0 and 36 months, of the metropolitan area of Valle de Boring. The qualitative research method was used, through interviews with 12 people with children between 0 and 36 months, virtually. From the interviews it was understood that there are three motivators that significantly influence the willingness to reuse a baby product: the proximity between the users of the product, the economic issue and the ecological or environmental factor. Additionally, another of the findings made in this research is that people are willing to apply pro-environmental practices and reuse models as long as it does not generate complications, more work or the need to dedicate more time

Gender differences and management of stroke risk of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in an upper middle-income country: Insights from the CARMEN-AF registry

Background: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke and systemic embolism. Several studies have suggested that female AF patients could have a greater risk for stroke. There is scarce information about clinical characteristics and use of antithrombotic therapies in Latin American patients with nonvalvular AF. Objective: To describe the gender differences in clinical characteristics, thromboembolic risk, and antithrombotic therapy of patients with nonvalvular AF recruited in Mexico, an upper middle-income country, into the prospective national CARMEN-AF Registry. Methods: A total of 1423 consecutive patients, with at least one thromboembolic risk factor were enrolled in CARMEN-AF Registry during a three-year period (2014–2017). They were categorized according to Gender. Results: Overall, 48.6% were women, mean age 70 ± 12 years. Diabetes, smoking, alcoholism, non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, and obstructive sleep apnea were higher in men. Most women were found with paroxysmal AF (40.6%), and most men with permanent AF (44.0%). No gender differences were found in the use of vitamin K antagonists (VKA) (30.5% in women vs. 28.0% in men). No gender differences were found in the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) (33.8% women vs 35.4% men). Conclusions: CARMEN-AF Registry demonstrates that in Mexico, regardless of gender, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated. No gender differences were found in the use of VKA or DOAC. Keywords: Atrial fibrillation, Gender, Thromboembolic risk, Antithrombotic therapy, Stroke, Mexic