Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

In Vitro Activities of Linezolid against Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis That Are Susceptible or Resistant to First-Line Antituberculous Drugs

We evaluated 117 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for susceptibility to linezolid by the proportion and E-test methods. Linezolid showed high in vitro activity, with all the strains inhibited by ≤1 μg of the drug per ml. E-test MICs were at least 4 dilutions lower than their equivalents by the standard proportion method

Correction: Antimicrobial management of Tropheryma whipplei endocarditis: the Spanish Collaboration on Endocarditis (GAMES) experience

Erratum.-- Spanish Collaboration on Endocarditis-Grupo de Apoyo al Manejo de la Endocarditis Infecciosa en España (GAMES).[Objectives] Tropheryma whipplei has been detected in 3.5% of the blood culture-negative cases of endocarditis in Spain. Experience in the management of T. whipplei endocarditis is limited. Here we report the long-term outcome of the treatment of previously reported patients who were diagnosed with infective endocarditis (IE) caused by T. whipplei from the Spanish Collaboration on Endocarditis-Grupo de Apoyo al Manejo de la Endocarditis Infecciosa en España (GAMES) and discuss potential options for antimicrobial therapy for IE caused by T. whipplei.[Patients and methods] Seventeen patients with T. whipplei endocarditis were recruited between 2008 and 2014 in 25 Spanish hospitals. Patients were classified according to the therapeutic regimen: ceftriaxone and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline + hydroxychloroquine and other treatment options.[Results] Follow-up data were obtained from 14 patients. The median follow-up was 46.5 months. All patients completed the antibiotic treatment prescribed, with a median duration of 13 months. Six patients were treated with ceftriaxone and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (median duration 13 months), four with doxycycline + hydroxychloroquine (median duration 13.8 months) and four with other treatment options (median duration 22.3 months). The follow-up after the end of the treatments was between 5 and 84 months (median 24 months).[Conclusions] All treatment lines were effective and well tolerated. Therapeutic failures were not detected during the treatment. None of the patients died or experienced a relapse during the follow-up. Only six patients received antibiotic treatment in accordance with guidelines. These data suggest that shorter antimicrobial treatments could be effective.Peer reviewe

Antimicrobial management of Tropheryma whipplei endocarditis: the Spanish Collaboration on Endocarditis (GAMES) experience

Spanish Collaboration on Endocarditis-Grupo de Apoyo al Manejo de la Endocarditis Infecciosa en España (GAMES)[Objectives] Tropheryma whipplei has been detected in 3.5% of the blood culture-negative cases of endocarditis in Spain. Experience in the management of T. whipplei endocarditis is limited. Here we report the long-term outcome of the treatment of previously reported patients who were diagnosed with infective endocarditis (IE) caused by T. whipplei from the Spanish Collaboration on Endocarditis-Grupo de Apoyo al Manejo de la Endocarditis Infecciosa en España (GAMES) and discuss potential options for antimicrobial therapy for IE caused by T. whipplei.[Patients and methods] Seventeen patients with T. whipplei endocarditis were recruited between 2008 and 2014 in 25 Spanish hospitals. Patients were classified according to the therapeutic regimen: ceftriaxone and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline + hydroxychloroquine and other treatment options.[Results] Follow-up data were obtained from 14 patients. The median follow-up was 46.5 months. All patients completed the antibiotic treatment prescribed, with a median duration of 13 months. Six patients were treated with ceftriaxone and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (median duration 13 months), four with doxycycline + hydroxychloroquine (median duration 13.8 months) and four with other treatment options (median duration 22.3 months). The follow-up after the end of the treatments was between 5 and 84 months (median 24 months).[Conclusions] All treatment lines were effective and well tolerated. Therapeutic failures were not detected during the treatment. None of the patients died or experienced a relapse during the follow-up. Only six patients received antibiotic treatment in accordance with guidelines. These data suggest that shorter antimicrobial treatments could be effective.Peer reviewe

Epidemiología y factores de riesgo para la infección por Clostridium difficile en pacientes críticos en España: Estudio PROCRID

[EN] Introduction: Our objectives were to describe the incidence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in critically ill patients and to determine C. difficile PCR-ribotypes. Methods: Prospective, observational study in 26 Spanish ICUs. Patients with diarrhea meeting ESCMID criteria for CDI were included. Molecular characterization of isolates was performed using PCR ribotyping. Results: Of 4258 patients admitted to the ICUs, 190 (4.5%) developed diarrhea. Only 16 patients (8.4%) were diagnosed with CDI. Ribotype 078/126 (25.0%) was the most frequently identified. The mortality rate was similar in patients with ICD compared to patients with diarrhea not caused by C. difficile (p = 0.115). Chronic renal insufficiency was identified as the only factor independently associated with the development of CDI (OR 5.87, 95% CI 1.24–27.83; p = 0.026). Conclusions: The incidence of CDI in Spanish ICUs is low. Only chronic renal insufficiency was observed to be a risk factor for CDI development.[ES] Introducción: Pretendemos describir la incidencia, las características clínicas y los factores de riesgo de la infección por Clostridium difficile (ICD) en pacientes ingresados en unidades de cuidados intensivos, así como los ribotipos identificados. Métodos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, realizado en 26 unidades de cuidados intensivos de España. Se incluyeron pacientes con diarrea y criterios clínicos de la ESCMID por sospecha de ICD. La caracterización molecular se realizó mediante PCR. Resultados: De 4.258 pacientes ingresados, 190 (4,5%) presentaron diarrea; en 16 causada por ICD. El ribotipo más frecuentemente aislado fue 078/126 (25%). La tasa de mortalidad cruda fue similar en pacientes con ICD y en pacientes con diarrea no causada por Clostridium difficile (p = 0,115). La insuficiencia renal crónica fue identificada como factor independientemente asociado a desarrollo de ICD (OR: 5,87; IC 95%: 1,24-27,83; p = 0,026). Conclusiones: La incidencia de ICD en las unidades de cuidados intensivos españolas es baja. La insuficiencia renal crónica es el único factor identificado para desarrollo de ICD.Peer reviewe

Infective endocarditis in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices: a nationwide study

Aims Patients with infective endocarditis (IE) frequently have cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Here, we aim to define the clinical profile and prognostic factors of IE in these patients. Methods and results Infective endocarditis cases were prospectively identified in the Spanish National Endocarditis Registry. From 3996 IE, 708 (17.7%) had a CIED and 424 CIED-related IE (lead vegetation). Patients with a CIED were older (68 ± 11 vs. 73 ± 8 years); had more comorbidities {pulmonary disease [176 (24.8%) vs. 545 (16.7%)], renal disease [239 (33.8%) vs. 740 (22.7%)], diabetes [248 (35.0%) vs. 867 (26.6%)], and heart failure [348 (49.2%) vs. 978 (29.9%)]}; and fewer complications {intracardiac destruction [106 (15%) vs. 1077 (33.1%)], heart failure [215 (30.3%) vs. 1340 (41.1%)], embolism [107 (15.1%) vs. 714 (21.9%)], and neurological involvement [77 (10.8%) vs. 702 (21.5%)]} (all P-values <0.001) in comparison to subjects without a CIED. In-hospital mortality was similar in patients with and without CIED [171 (24.2%) vs. 881 (27.0%), P = 0.82]. In subjects with a CIED, CIED-related IE was independently associated with in-hospital survival: odds ratio (OR) 0.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3–0.7, P = 0.001]. Surgery was independently associated with in-hospital survival in CIED-related IE: OR 0.4 (95% CI 0.2–0.7, P = 0.004); but not in subjects with valve IE and no CIED lead involvement: OR 0.9 (95% CI 0.5–1.7, P = 0.77). Conclusion Over a sixth of IE patients have a CIED. This group of patients is older, with more comorbidities and fewer IE-related complications in comparison to subjects without a CIED. In-hospital mortality was similar in patients with and without a CIED.Sin financiación5.214 JCR (2020) Q2, 40/142 Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems2.119 SJR (2020) Q1, 36/349 Cardiology and Cardiovascular MedicineNo data IDR 2020UE

Infective endocarditis in children and adolescents: a different profile with clinical implications

[Background] Our aim was to compare pediatric infective endocarditis (IE) with the clinical profile and outcomes of IE in adults.[Methods] Prospective multicenter registry in 31 Spanish hospitals including all patients with a diagnosis of IE from 2008 to 2020.[Results] A total of 5590 patients were included, 49 were <18 years (0.1%). Congenital heart disease (CHD) was present in 31 children and adolescents (63.2%). Right-sided location was more common in children/adolescents than in adults (46.9% vs. 6.3%, P < 0.001). Pediatric pulmonary IE was more frequent in patients with CHD (48.4%) than in those without (5.6%), P = 0.004. Staphylococcus aureus etiology tended to be more common in pediatric patients (32.7%) than in adults (22.3%), P = 0.082. Heart failure was less common in pediatric patients than in adults, due to the lower rate of heart failure in children/adolescents with CHD (9.6%) with respect to those without CHD (44.4%), P = 0.005. Inhospital mortality was high in both children, and adolescents and adults (16.3% vs. 25.9%; P = 0.126).[Conclusions] Most IE cases in children and adolescents are seen in patients with CHD that have a more common right-sided location and a lower prevalence of heart failure than patients without CHD. IE in children and adolescents without CHD has a more similar profile to IE in adults.Unrelated to the study, Lourdes Vicent receives research funding from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (CM20/00104).Peer reviewe