Shopping as a selling strategy for tourism: combination of marketing mix tools

The use of time for entertainment has increased participation both at home and outside and, in our days, we look at the proliferation of a wide range of activities that are included in the leisure economy: tourism, catering, shopping, sports, entertainment... In this sense, a lot of studies agree that the activities related to leisure time of individuals with strong potential for growth as amusement parks, restaurants, tour operators... and, above all, new retail formats that are configured as great business opportunities. Consequently, the main objective of this text is to relate some of the main activities that are encompassed in the new economy of leisure. And as a specific example to analyze the complementarity between trade and tourism in a particular case: Shopping in Seville. Firstly, there exists a theoretical review of the phenomenon of leisure within the needs of individuals and further expenditure is oriented towards this set of activities. Then a classification of the activities offered for the entertainment of individuals paying particular attention to the main Spanish companies involved in some of these sectors and, secondly, the role of shopping as one of the leading suppliers of trade and leisure. Finally, exercise has articulated a dual approach to complementarity between the commercial and tourist activities, first of all, we performed a quantification of non resident consumption by commercial areas, and afterwards, it has developed a classification of regions in terms of its commercial and tourism potential through a cluster analysis

Women in Europe and in the world: The state of the Union 2016

Building on the definition of oppression developed by the philosopher Iris Young, the article argues that women in Europe are an oppressed group. Relying on recent statistics, it points out that a high percentage of women are still subject to gender violence; economically exploited and marginalized; powerless with regard to governance and participation in the public sphere, as well as victims of androcentrism—a pattern of cultural evaluation which seriously undermines women’s potential for development. The article then shows how this state of affairs has worsened over the last years, under the effects of the financial and economic crisis, and the austerity policies with which the European states have responded. Finally, it singles out two possible future scenarios. If the current neo-liberal trends persist, we can expect a move towards societies more polarized in terms of class and ethnicity; low fertility rates; and an increasing poverty of those most in need of care and in charge of care provision. The crisis could instead be perceived as an opportunity to diverge from this prevailing neo-liberal model, calling for a new, inclusive, societal model of development—a new humanism which puts the person, in her whole complexity and in her very real care dependent nature, at the very core of the political and economic project

“Notorious RBG”: A conversation with United States Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg

On February 2, 2016, Prof. Ruth Rubio-Marín, Chair of Constitutional and Comparative Public Law at the European University Institute (EUI), interviewed the U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. The interview took place in the framework of the European University Institute’s annual Ursula Hirschmann Lecture, a space dedicated to stimulate research and thinking which links ideas about Europe and the study of gender. Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg engaged in a conversation that tackled her whole persona, without making rigid divides between the professional and the personal. Deep legal analysis, personal anecdotes, and invaluable advice for future researchers and lawyers intertwine in the interview, which sheds light on important dimensions of equality law

The achievement of female suffrage in Europe: on women’s citizenship

This article lays out the theoretical framing underlying the gendered construction of citizenship in Western political thought during the transition to modernity; describes the relevant actors in the fight for female suffrage and the impact that the separate spheres of ideology had on both the narratives supporting and resisting female suffrage, and on the selective and piecemeal way in which suffrage was eventually won by women in European countries. Furthermore, it identifies the main factors accounting for women’s earlier or later achievement of suffrage in different European nations and, exploring the connection between women’s access to voting rights and to civil and social rights, it retells a story of women’s citizenship which is an inverted image of that developed by T.H. Marshall on the basis of the male paradigm. It finally brings us to the present to discuss the persistent political under-representation of women in Europe, as well as a growing awareness about the need to ensure women’s full citizenship through measures that seek the incorporation of women in male spheres of power and the disestablishment of the sexual contract, something which the historical conquest of suffrage could not achieve by itself

A New European Parity-Democracy Sex Equality Model and why it won't Fly in the United States

This Article argues that over the past years, in Europe, some instruments and policies dealing with gender equality both at the national and supra-national level reflect a move from a narrow antidiscrimination frame to a broader model that tackles the underparticipation and disempowerment of women in public and private life as a deficiency of democracy and a problem of citizenship. By analyzing specific parity measures that have been adopted recently in some European Member States, such as electoral and corporate board gender quotas in publically held companies, the Article posits that a new understanding between parity democracy, sex equality and antidiscrimination law is evolving and explains why a combination of legal, historical, cultural, ideological and political factors make it unlikely that a similar development will take place in the United States

The (dis)establishment of gender: Care and gender roles in the family as a constitutional matter

This article reasons that for women, as constitutional subjects, the emancipatory promise of constitutionalism was—from its inception—fundamentally limited by the entrenchment of the separate spheres tradition. Focusing on evolving constitutional jurisprudence in the US, Germany and Italy, the article describes a gradual and still imperfect process of (dis) establishment of the originally enshrined gender order, as it has unfolded since the 1970s in US and European constitutionalism. It is argued that these processes have allowed the constitutional doctrine of sex equality to challenge the most forthright expressions of the separate spheres ideology, denying the possibility of according men and women a different legal status of rights and duties and keeping women away from the marketplace. In spite of this, to this day, the sex constitutional equality doctrine has been an inadequate tool to fully subvert the pre-established gender order in both its transatlantic iterations. In the US, we find assimilationist workerism with its anti-stereotyping conception of gender equality, providing no support for working women, and in Europe accommodationist workerism, wherein special measures are fostered at the risk of entrenching rather than subverting existing gender roles. The article then describes recent evolutions in constitutionalism pointing to a promising third way, with Nordic inspiration, which, challenging traditionally accepted notions of family privacy and foregrounding fatherhood as opposed to just motherhood, would allow us to retain the central importance attached to care and reproduction, but at the same time assist in the process of overcoming traditional gender assumptions and stereotypes built around them

Análisis jurídico del porte de estupefacientes en consumidores

Es objeto de debate, y desde hace varios años, si el hecho de condenar a una persona consumidora de estupefacientes por su porte incurra, constituye indebida aplicación del Artículo 376 del Código Penal y falta de aplicación del Artículo 29-2 de la Constitución Política de Colombia, que establece el principio de legalidad basado en el derecho penal de acto. El análisis respecto de los consumidores de estupefacientes se hace, entonces, para establecer si su comportamiento resulta antijurídico materialmente o no y si ante la falta de esa antijuridicidad material, su comportamiento deviene en atípico y, asimismo, si al superar lo previsto para dosis de uso personal en el literal j del Artículo 2° de la Ley 30 de 1986, si ese exceso constituye o no dosis de aprovisionamiento y hasta en qué cantidades y en qué condiciones. Ante la vigencia del acto legislativo número 002 del 21 de diciembre de 2009 que prohíbe todo porte y consumo de estupefacientes, salvo prescripción médica y ante la modificación que hiciera la Ley 1453 del 24 de junio del 2011, al enunciar las conductas del Artículo 376 del Código Penal, se discute sí existe dosis personal o no, de estupefacientes. Las numerosas interpretaciones jurisprudenciales al respecto vienen dando lugar, ante mismas situaciones de hecho, decisiones contrarias en derecho que generan inseguridad jurídica y las mismas serán objeto de ejemplificación en el desarrollo de esta temática, en procura de lograr, en la medida de lo posible, decisiones uniformes por parte de la judicatura, sin que se violenten principios constitucionales como el de la igualdad, legalidad, derecho de defensa y debido proceso

Centro de servicios compartidos “Recurso humano y productividad”

Esta investigación describe los centros de servicios compartidos como herramienta fundamental para las organizaciones, que buscan soluciones tanto para optimizar los modelos de negocio como obtener ahorros en costos -- Se planteó una investigación cualitativa con un diseño descriptivo, utilizando la entrevista como técnica de recolección de información; para el análisis se visitaron dos empresas pertenecientes a diferentes sectores de mercado y se consultaron las principales fuentes de apoyo en internet -- Este ejercicio académico profesional se presenta así: se revisaron los aspectos técnicos y administrativos más relevantes para ser tenidos en cuenta en la construcción de un centro de servicios compartidos; la información obtenida permitió proyectar el modelo de un centro de servicios compartidos en diferentes fases de implementación, lo cual permitió evaluar beneficios, ventajas, desventajas y factores críticos de éxito significativos, que evidenciaron que estos centros pueden ser elegidos como una alternativa de globalización y estrategia de negoci