Effect of root canal preparation, type of endodontic post and mechanical cycling on root fracture strength

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the type of root canal preparation, intraradicular post and mechanical cycling on the fracture strength of roots. Material and Methods: eighty human single rooted teeth were divided into 8 groups according to the instruments used for root canal preparation (manual or rotary instruments), the type of intraradicular post (fiber posts- FRC and cast post and core- CPC) and the use of mechanical cycling (MC) as follows: Manual and FRC; Manual, FRC and MC; Manual and CPC; Manual, CPC and MC; Rotary and FRC; Rotary, FRC and MC; Rotary and CPC; Rotary, CPC and MC. The filling was performed by lateral compactation. All root canals were prepared for a post with a 10 mm length, using the custom #2 bur of the glass fiber post system. For mechanical cycling, the protocol was applied as follows: an angle of incidence of 45°, 37°C, 88 N, 4 Hz, 2 million pulses. All groups were submitted to fracture strength test in a 45° device with 1 mm/ min cross-head speed until failure occurred. Results: The 3-way ANOVA showed that the root canal preparation strategy (

Effect of root canal preparation, type of endodontic post and mechanical cycling on root fracture strength

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the type of root canal preparation, intraradicular post and mechanical cycling on the fracture strength of roots. Material and Methods: eighty human single rooted teeth were divided into 8 groups according to the instruments used for root canal preparation (manual or rotary instruments), the type of intraradicular post (fiber posts- FRC and cast post and core- CPC) and the use of mechanical cycling (MC) as follows: Manual and FRC; Manual, FRC and MC; Manual and CPC; Manual, CPC and MC; Rotary and FRC; Rotary, FRC and MC; Rotary and CPC; Rotary, CPC and MC. The filling was performed by lateral compactation. All root canals were prepared for a post with a 10 mm length, using the custom #2 bur of the glass fiber post system. For mechanical cycling, the protocol was applied as follows: an angle of incidence of 45°, 37°C, 88 N, 4 Hz, 2 million pulses. All groups were submitted to fracture strength test in a 45° device with 1 mm/ min cross-head speed until failure occurred. Results: The 3-way ANOVA showed that the root canal preparation strategy (

Influência do tratamento de superfície e do tipo de cimento na retenção de coroas YTZP

To compare the retention of YTZP zirconia crowns cemented to different cementation protocols. 108 extracted molars were prepared for full crown (n = 12); and the core was reconstructed with glass fiber post and composite resin core. YTZP zirconia copings were milled and 72 specimens were divided into 6 groups according to the factors: cements- Multilink (Mult) and Relyx ARC (Rel); and zirconia surface treatments- alcohol (control) (C), silica coating (S) and vitrification (V). The remaining 36 specimens were divided into 3 groups cemented with Relyx Luting (Ion), Relyx U100 (Self) and Zinc phosphate (Zinc) on untreated zirconia. The specimens were thermally cycled (5 - 55 °C, 6000 cycles) and data from the tensile test were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and Dunn test. The median and interquartil range were: MultC: 20.0 (± 5.5); MultS: 28.5 (± 22.0); MultV: 32.5 (± 28.5); RelC: 21.5 (± 8.5); RelS: 22.0 (± 10.0); RelV: 24.0 (± 7.3); Ion: 5.1 (± 6.4); Self: 3.5 (± 5.2); Zinc: 7.7 (± 14.2). The type of resin cement (BIS-GMA- or HEMA- based) did not affect the crown retention values. The treatment involving vitrification of the cementation surface was only capable to improve the retention force for the HEMA based-cement. For untreated intaglio surfaces of YTZP crowns, resin cements showed significantly higher retention than those obtained for self-adhesive, glass ionomer and zinc phosphate cementsComparar a retenção de coroas de zircônia YTZP em função do protocolo de cimentação. Foram preparados para coroa total 108 molares extraídos (n = 12). Pinos de fibra de vidro foram cimentados e núcleos de resina composta construídos. Infraestruturas de zircônia YTZP foram fresadas e 72 espécimes foram alocados em 6 grupos conforme os fatores: cimento - Multilink (Mult) e Relyx ARC (Rel); e tratamento de superfície da zircônia – álcool (controle) (C), silicatização (S) e vitrificação (V). Os outros 36 espécimes foram divididos em 3 grupos cimentados com Relyx Luting (Ion), Relyx U100 (Self) e fosfato de zinco (Zinc) sem tratamento da zircônia. Todos os espécimes foram termociclados (5 - 55 ºC, 6000 ciclos) e os dados do teste de tração foram analisados pelo teste de Kruskal Wallis e Dunn. Os valores da mediana e distância interquartil foram os seguintes: MultC: 20,0 (± 5,5); MultS: 28,5 (± 22,0); MultV: 32,5 (± 28,5); RelC: 21,5 (± 8,5); RelS: 22,0 (± 10,0); RelV: 24,0 (± 7,3); Ion: 5,1 (± 6,4); Self: 3,5 (± 5,2); Zinc: 7,7 (± 14,2). O tipo de cimento resinoso (a base de Bis-GMA e HEMA) não afetaram os valores de retenção das coroas. O tratamento de superfície da cerâmica vitrificação somente foi capaz de melhorar os valores de retenção para o cimento a base de HEMA. Para superfícies cerâmicas não tratadas, os cimentos resinosos mostraram significantemente maiores valores de retenção do que aqueles obtidos para os cimentos auto-adesivo, de inonômero de vidro e de fosfato de zinc

Clinical performance and failure modes of pulpless teeth restored with posts: a systematic review

Abstract The aim of this systematic review was to compare the clinical performance and failure modes of teeth restored with intra-radicular retainers. A search was performed on PubMed/Medline, Central and ClinicalTrials databases for randomized clinical trials comparing clinical behavior and failures of at least two types of retainers. From 341 detected papers, 16 were selected for full-text analysis, of which 9 met the eligibility criteria. A manual search added 2 more studies, totalizing 11 studies that were included in this review. Evaluated retainers were fiber (prefabricated and customized) and metal (prefabricated and cast) posts, and follow-up ranged from 6 months to 10 years. Most studies showed good clinical behavior for evaluated intra-radicular retainers. Reported survival rates varied from 71 to 100% for fiber posts and 50 to 97.1% for metal posts. Studies found no difference in the survival among different metal posts and most studies found no difference between fiber and metal posts. Two studies also showed that remaining dentine height, number of walls and ferrule increased the longevity of the restored teeth. Failures of fiber posts were mainly due to post loss of retention, while metal post failures were mostly related to root fracture, post fracture and crown and/or post loss of retention. In conclusion, metal and fiber posts present similar clinical behavior at short to medium term follow-up. Remaining dental structure and ferrule increase the survival of restored pulpless teeth. Studies with longer follow-up are needed

Root canal filling: fracture strength of fiber-reinforced composite-restored roots and finite element analysis

The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of root canal filling techniques on root fracture resistance and to analyze, by finite element analysis (FEA), the expansion of the endodontic sealer in two different root canal techniques. Thirty single-rooted human teeth were instrumented with rotary files to a standardized working length of 14 mm. The specimens were embedded in acrylic resin using plastic cylinders as molds, and allocated into 3 groups (n=10): G(lateral) - lateral condensation; G(single-cone) - single cone; G(tagger) - Tagger's hybrid technique. The root canals were prepared to a length of 11 mm with the #3 preparation bur of a tapered glass fiber-reinforced composite post system. All roots received glass fiber posts, which were adhesively cemented and a composite resin core was built. All groups were subjected to a fracture strength test (1 mm/min, 45°). Data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA with a significance level of 5%. FEA was performed using two models: one simulated lateral condensation and Tagger's hybrid technique, and the other one simulated the single-cone technique. The second model was designed with an amount of gutta-percha two times smaller and a sealer layer two times thicker than the first model. The results were analyzed using von Mises stress criteria. One-way ANOVA indicated that the root canal filling technique affected the fracture strength (p=0.004). The G(lateral) and G(tagger) produced similar fracture strength values, while G(single-cone) showed the lowest values. The FEA showed that the single-cone model generated higher stress in the root canal walls. Sealer thickness seems to influence the fracture strength of restored endodontically treated teeth.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da técnica de obturação na resistência à fratura de raízes e analisar, por meio de análise de elementos finitos (AEF), a expansão do cimento endodôntico em duas diferentes técnicas de obturação. Trinta dentes humanos unirradiculares foram instrumentados com limas rotatórias, com um comprimento de trabalho padronizado (14 mm). Os espécimes foram embutidos em um cilindro plástico com resina acrílica, e distribuídos em 3 grupos (n=10): G(lateral) - condensação lateral; G(cone único) - cone único; G(tagger) - técnica híbrida de Tagger. Os canais radiculares foram preparados num comprimento de 11 mm com a broca de preparo do sistema de pinos de fibra reforçado por compósito. Todas as raízes receberam pinos de fibra de vidro, as quais foram adesivamente cimentadas, e a reconstrução do núcleo foi realizada com resina composta. Todos os grupos foram submetidos ao teste de resistência à fratura (1 mm/min, 45º). Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de análise de variância 1 fator. A AEF foi executada através de dois modelos: um simulou a técnica da condensação lateral e a técnica híbrida de Tagger, e o outro simulou a técnica do cone único. O último foi desenhado com a guta-percha duas vezes menor e com a espessura de cimento duas vezes maior que o primeiro modelo. Os resultados foram analisados usando o critério de tensão Von Mises. A análise de variância a um fator indicou que a técnica de obturação afetou a resistência à fratura (p=0.004). G(lateral) Braz Dent J 24(6) 2013 625 Endodontic and fracture strength e G(tagger) obtiveram similares valores de resistência à fratura, enquanto G(cone único) apresentou os menores valores. A AEF mostrou que o modelo do cone único gerou um aumento de tensão nas paredes do canal radicular. A espessura do cimento pareceu influenciar a resistência à fratura dos dentes tratados endodonticamente e restaurados

Mechanical behavior of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal: Effects of different aging regimens

<div><p>Abstract This study aimed to characterize and compare the effect of different aging regimens on surface characteristic (topography and roughness), structural stability (phase transformation) and mechanical performance (Weibull analysis) of a Y-TZP ceramic. Discs (15 × 1.2 mm; VITA In-Ceram YZ) were prepared according to ISO 6872-2015 for biaxial flexural strength testing and randomly assigned into five groups (n = 30): as-sintered, no aging treatment (CTRL); 20 h in autoclave at 134°C, 2 bar pressure (AUT); intermittent mechanical loading at 20 Hz/106 load pulses (MechLoad); AUT followed by MechLoad (AUT+MechLoad); and storage in distilled water at 37°C, for 1 year (STO). The following analyses were performed: roughness (n = 30), surface topography (n = 2), phase transformation (n = 2) and biaxial flexure strength (n = 30). Phase transformation (increase of m-phase content) was shown to be a spontaneous, unavoidable and time-dependent process, occurring even under ambient conditions (dry storage after 1 year = 6.0% increase), and is considerably accelerated in the presence of moisture (STO = 17.6%; AUT= 63.1%; and AUT+MechLoad = 59.9%). For roughness parameters, only Ra was affected by aging, and the highest values were observed for AUT+MechLoad (0.25 ± 0.07 µm). For Weibull analysis, structural reliability (Weibull moduli) and characteristic strength were not impaired after aging, and some aging conditions led to increased values (highest weibull moduli in AUT, and highest characteristic strength in STO). Phase transformation proves to be a time-dependent spontaneous mechanism that is accelerated in the presence of different stimuli. However, none of the aging regimens had a negative effect on the characteristic strength and structural reliability of Y-TZP ceramic.</p></div

Surface agents' influence on the flexural strength of bilaminated ceramics

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different surface agents on the flexural strength of a ceramic system. Eighty bar-shaped specimens of zirconia were divided into four groups according to the agent to be used: group Control-to be cleaned with alcohol; group VM9-application of a fluid layer of porcelain; group Effect Bonder-application of a bonding agent; and group Coloring Liquid-application of coloring liquid. All specimens received the porcelain application by the layering technique and were then subjected to thermocycling. The four-point bending test was performed to calculate the strength values (s, MPa) and the failure modes were classified. ANOVA did not detect significant differences among the groups. The Weibull modulus were 5 (Control, VM9 and Effect Bonder) and 6 (Coloring Liquid). The cracking of the porcelain ceramic toward the interface was the predominant failure mode. It was concluded that the surface agents tested had no effect on the flexural strength of the bilaminated ceramic specimens.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP