11 research outputs found
Comprehensive Characterization of Linalool-HP-beta-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes
The objective of the present study is to obtain linalool- cyclodextrin (CDs) solid complexes
for possible applications in the food industry. For this purpose, a detailed study of linalool
complexation was carried out at different pH values, to optimize the type of CDs and reaction
medium that support the highest quantity of encapsulated linalool. Once demonstrated the
ability of hydroxypropyl- -cyclodextrin (HP-beta -CDs), to form inclusion complexes with linalool
(KC = 921 +/- 21 L/mol) and given their greater complexation efficacy (6.788) at neutral pH, HP-beta -CDs
were selected to produce solid inclusion complexes by using two different energy sources, ultrasounds
and microwave irradiation, subsequently spraying the solutions obtained in the Spray Dryer.
To provide scientific solidity to the experimental results, the complexes obtained were characterized
by using different instrumental techniques in order to confirm the inclusion of linalool in the HP-beta -CDs
hydrophobic cavity. The linalool solid complexes obtained were characterized by using 1H nuclear
magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (ROSEY), differential scanning
calorimetry, thermogravimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Moreover, the structure
of the complex obtained were also characterized by molecular modeling.Ciencias de la Alimentació
Inhibition of Gastric Lipase as a Mechanism for Body Weight and Plasma Lipids Reduction in Zucker Rats Fed a Rosemary Extract Rich in Carnosic Acid
BACKGROUND: Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extracts (REs) exhibit hepatoprotective, anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties and are widely used in the food industry. REs are rich in carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol which may be responsible for some of the biological activities of REs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether inhibition of lipase activity in the gut may be a mechanism by which a RE enriched in CA (40%) modulates body weight and lipids levels in a rat model of metabolic disorders and obesity. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: RE was administered for 64 days to lean (fa/+) and obese (fa/fa) female Zucker rats and body weight, food intake, feces weight and blood biochemical parameters were monitored throughout the study. Lipase activity (hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylbutyrate) was measured in the gastrointestinal tract at the end of the study and the contents of CA, carnosol and methyl carnosate were also determined. Sub-chronic administration of RE moderately reduced body weight gain in both lean and obese animals but did not affect food intake. Serum triglycerides, cholesterol and insulin levels were also markedly decreased in the lean animals supplemented with RE. Importantly, lipase activity was significantly inhibited in the stomach of the RE-supplemented animals where the highest content of intact CA and carnosol was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that long-term administration of RE enriched in CA moderates weight gain and improves the plasma lipids profile, primarily in the lean animals. Our data also suggest that these effects may be caused, at least in part, by a significant inhibition of gastric lipase and subsequent reduction in fat absorption
Comprehensive Characterization of Linalool-HP-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes
The objective of the present study is to obtain linalool- cyclodextrin (CDs) solid complexes for possible applications in the food industry. For this purpose, a detailed study of linalool complexation was carried out at different pH values, to optimize the type of CDs and reaction medium that support the highest quantity of encapsulated linalool. Once demonstrated the ability of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CDs), to form inclusion complexes with linalool (KC = 921 ± 21 L mol−1) and given their greater complexation efficacy (6.788) at neutral pH, HP-β-CDs were selected to produce solid inclusion complexes by using two different energy sources, ultrasounds and microwave irradiation, subsequently spraying the solutions obtained in the Spray Dryer. To provide scientific solidity to the experimental results, the complexes obtained were characterized by using different instrumental techniques in order to confirm the inclusion of linalool in the HP-β-CDs hydrophobic cavity. The linalool solid complexes obtained were characterized by using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (ROSEY), differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Moreover, the structure of the complex obtained were also characterized by molecular modeling
Carvacrol and HP-β-Cyclodextrin Complexes: Extensive Characterization and Potential Cytotoxic Effect in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells
The aim of this study was to obtain solid carvacrol-cyclodextrin (CD) complexes for use in the pharmaceutical industry. To this end, the complexation of carvacrol at different pH values was studied in detail, to determine the type of CD and the reaction environment that supported the highest amount of encapsulated carvacrol. Evidence of the capability of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrins (HP-β-CD) to form inclusion complexes with carvacrol (KC = 5042 ± 176 L mol−1) and more high complexation efficiency (2.824) was demonstrated for HP-β-CDs using two different energy sources, ultrasound (US) (KC = 8129 ± 194 L mol−1 24 h) and microwave irradiation (MWI) (KC = 6909 ± 161 L mol−1), followed by spraying the resulting solution in a spray dryer. To confirm complex formation, the complexes were characterized using various instrumental methods to corroborate the carvacrol incorporation into the hydrophobic cavity of HP-β-CD. The obtained carvacrol solid complexes were analyzed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (ROSEY), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization. The structures of the resulting complexes were also characterized by molecular modeling. Furthermore, 1 mM HP-β-CD-carvacrol complex has been shown to reduce cell proliferation in HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells by 43%, much more than in a healthy lung fibroblast MRC-5 cell line (11%)
Development of Chitosan Polysaccharide-Based Magnetic Gel for Direct Red 83:1 Removal from Water
Water pollution caused by dyes is a significant environmental issue, necessitating the development of effective, cost-efficient decolorization methods suitable for industrial use. In this study, a Chitosan-Fe polymeric gel was synthesized, characterized, and tested for removing the azo dye Direct Red 83:1 from water. The polymeric magnetic chitosan was analyzed using various techniques: Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) revealed a porous structure, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) demonstrated the thermal stability, Infrared Spectrophotometry (IR) indicated the successful coordination of iron at the C3 position, and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) confirmed the crystalline nature of the polymeric structure. Optimal conditions for kinetic and isotherm models were found at 1 g and pH 7.0. Adsorption behavior of Direct Red 83:1 onto magnetic chitosan gel beads was studied through kinetic tests and isotherm curves. The maximum adsorption capacity was 17.46 mg/g (qmax). The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.999) and fit the Temkin isotherm (R2 = 0.946), suggesting heterogeneous surface adsorption. The newly synthesized Chitosan-Fe polymeric gel demonstrated good adsorption properties and facilitated easy separation of purified water
Final body weight, organ and gut content weight for lean (Le) and obese (Ob) female Zucker rats fed the control diet (CT) or the diet supplemented with RE enriched in CA (40%).
<p>The content of CA, carnosol and methyl carnosate detected in these samples is also indicated.</p>a<p>: Organs and gut content were collected and weighed at the end of the experimental procedure.</p>b<p>: Values are the mean ± SD (n = 7 for lean animals and n = 5 for obese animals) and are expressed as g of fresh weight (f.w.);</p>c<p>: jejunum+ileum; N.D.: Not detected.</p
Effects of the consumption of RE on body weight (g) and food utility index (FUI) in Zucker female rats.
<p>Lean (Le) and obese (Ob) rats were fed the control diet (CT) or the diet supplemented with 0.05% of RE (RE) for 64 days. Data are presented as the mean value ± SD (n = 7 for lean animals and n = 5 for obese animals). * <i>P</i><0.05, ** <i>P</i><0.01 compared to their respective CT values.</p
List of phenolic compounds identified in the rosemary extract (RE) by their retention times, UV-Vis and mass spectra and by the use of standards.
*<p>: shoulder</p
Effects of the consumption of RE on lipase activity in Zucker female rats.
<p>Lean (Le) and obese (Ob) rats fed the control diet (CT) or the diet supplemented with RE (RE). Activity (expressed in nkats/g) was measured as the hydrolysis of PNPB in a) stomach content, b) duodenum content, c) small intestine (jejunum+ileum) content, d) liver and e) pancreas. Data are presented as the mean value ± SD (n = 7 for lean animals and n = 5 for obese animals). <sup># </sup><i>P</i><0.1, * <i>P</i><0.05 and ** <i>P</i><0.01 compared to their respective CT values.</p
Main phenolic compounds present in the rosemary extract (RE).
<p>Chromatogram (285 nm) corresponding to the HPLC-DAD-MS analysis of the RE extract. The structure and peak identification of carnosol (peak 10) and CA (carnosic acid, peak 14) are indicated. Peak numbers correspond to each of the phenolic compounds identified in the extract and listed in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039773#pone-0039773-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p