1,2-Diaryl(3-pyridyl)ethanone Oximes. Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding Networks Revealed by X-ray Diffraction

The synthesis of a set of 1-aryl-2-aryl(3-pyridyl)ethanones 1-5 and thecorresponding ketoximes 6-9 is reported. Structural studies of oximes 6, 7 and 9 wereperformed in solution using 1H-NMR and in the solid state by X-ray crystallography,providing evidence of H-bonding networks. The crystal packing was controlled byhomomeric intermolecular oxime···oxime H-bond interactions for 6 and cooperativeoxime···N(pyridyl) and CH/π interactions for 7 and 9. Keywords: Oximes; ethanones; hydrogen bonds; self-assembly; X-ray diffraction crystalograph

Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism combination pattern of the Klotho gene with non-cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an elevated risk of all-cause mortality, with cardiovascular death being extensively investigated. However, non-cardiovascular mortality represents the biggest percentage, showing an evident increase in recent years. Klotho is a gene highly expressed in the kidney, with a clear influence on lifespan. Low levels of Klotho have been linked to CKD progression and adverse outcomes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Klotho gene have been associated with several diseases, but studies investigating the association of Klotho SNPs with noncardiovascular death in CKD populations are lacking. The main aim of this study was to assess whether 11 Klotho SNPs were associated with non-cardiovascular death in a subpopulation of the National Observatory of Atherosclerosis in Nephrology (NEFRONA) study (n ¼ 2185 CKD patients). After 48 months of follow-up, 62 cardiovascular deaths and 108 non-cardiovascular deaths were recorded. We identified a high non-cardiovascular death risk combination of SNPs corresponding to individuals carrying the most frequent allele (G) at rs562020, the rare allele (C) at rs2283368 and homozygotes for the rare allele (G) at rs2320762 (rs562020 GG/AG þ rs2283368 CC/CT þ rs2320762 GG). Among the patients with the three SNPs genotyped (n ¼ 1016), 75 (7.4%) showed this combination. Furthermore, 95 (9.3%) patients showed a low-risk combination carrying all the opposite genotypes (rs562020 AA þ rs2283368 TT þ rs2320762 GT/TT). All the other combinations [n ¼ 846 (83.3%)] were considered as normal risk. Using competing risk regression analysis, we confirmed that the proposed combinations are independently associated with a higher fhazard ratio [HR] 3.28 [confidence interval (CI) 1.51-7.12]g and lower [HR 6 × 10- (95% CI 3.3 × 10--1.1 × 10-)] risk of suffering a non-cardiovascular death in the CKD population of the NEFRONA cohort compared with patients with the normal-risk combination. Determination of three SNPs of the Klotho gene could help in the prediction of non-cardiovascular death in CKD

Novel derivatives of 3-alkyl-1,5-diaryl-1H-1,2,4-triazoles and their pharmacological evaluation as CB1 cannabinoid ligands

In a previous study, we have identified 3-alkyl-1,5-diaryl-1H-1,2,4- triazoles to be a novel class of cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptor antagonists. However, the synthesis yields for the ligands were low. Here we present an alternative synthesis pathway with improved yields. In addition, we have synthezised new structural derivatives and studied their results in competitive radioligand binding assays for cannabinoid receptors. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.Peer Reviewe

Structural-activity relationship study on C-4 carbon atom of the CB 1 antagonist SR141716: Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamides

A series of 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamides has been prepared from alkyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylates under mild conditions. The ability of these triazoles to displace [3H]-CP55940 from CB1 cannabinoid receptor was measured. However, they showed only poor to moderate binding affinities, indicating that substitution of the C-4 pyrazole atom of the CB 1 reference compound SR141716 by a nitrogen atom results in loss of affinity. Further investigations for functionality indicated that the compound 6a exhibited significant cannabinoid antagonistic properties in the mouse vas deferens functional assay. This leads us to the conclusion that 6a binds at a different CB1 binding site or at a new cannabinoid receptor subtype. © 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.Peer Reviewe