Analysis, systemization of the impacts of planning on the territory: applied to the Ordesa National Park

[EN] In recent decades, a new paradigm on the rational and careful use of land as a non-renewable resource has arisen. This definition requires new management methods based on the application of the “CLORPT” equation (state factor model) (CL—Climate, O—Organisms:living beings, R—Relief (topography), P—Parent material. T—Time. Thus, factors that we determine, as well as the impacts of planning, are analysed. We have used the factor model CLORPT (is an instrument by which any planning model can be analysed and diagnosed (e.g., planning carried out in the Ordesa National Park (Huesca-Spain)). The Ordesa and Monte Perdido National Park has exceptional qualities in terms of landscape, lithology, fauna, flora, relief and climate. Its territorial-environmental value is mainly landscape and nature. A more sustainable use of National Parks is analysed, and possible problems observed for correction. This method provides a univocal vision as it standardizes all the factors. Large range quartiles were used so that even though expert opinions di ered, the result was the same.S

Gaussian Semiparametric Estimation in Long Memory in Stochastic Volatility and Signal Plus Noise Models

This paper considers the persistence found in the volatility of many financial time series by means of a local Long Memory in Stochastic Volatility model and analyzes the performance of the Gaussian semiparametric or local Whittle estimator of the memory parameter in a long memory signal plus noise model which includes the Long Memory in Stochastic Volatility as a particular case. It is proved that this estimate preserves the consistency and asymptotic normality encountered in observable long memory series and under milder conditions it is more efficient than the estimator based on a log-periodogram regression. Although the asymptotic properties do not depend on the signal-to-noise ratio the finite sample performance rely upon this magnitude and an appropriate choice of the bandwidth is important to minimize the influence of the added noise. I analyze the effect of the bandwidth via Monte Carlo. An application to a Spanish stock index is finally included.long memory, stochastic volatility, semiparametric estimation, frequency domain

Semiparametric estimation in perturbed long memory series

The estimation of the memory parameter in perturbed long memory series has recently attracted attention motivated especially by the strong persistence of the volatility in many financial and economic time series and the use of Long Memory in Stochastic Volatility (LMSV) processes to model such a behaviour. This paper discusses frequency domain semiparametric estimation of the memory parameter and proposes an extension of the log periodogram regression which explicitly accounts for the added noise, comparing it, asymptotically and in finite samples, with similar extant techniques. Contrary to the non linear log periodogram regression of Sun and Phillips (2003), we do not use a linear approximation of the logarithmic term which accounts for the added noise. A reduction of the asymptotic bias is achieved in this way and makes possible a faster convergence in long memory signal plus noise series by permitting a larger bandwidth. Monte Carlo results confirm the bias reduction but at the cost of a higher variability. An application to a series of returns of the Spanish Ibex35 stock index is finally included.long memory, stochastic volatility, semiparametric estimation

Semiparametric inference in correlated long memory signal plus noise models

This paper proposes an extension of the log periodogram regression in perturbed long memory series that accounts for the added noise, also allowing for correlation between signal and noise, which represents a common situation in many economic and financial series. Consistency (for d < 1) and asymptotic normality (for d < 3/4) are shown with the same bandwidth restriction as required for the original log periodogram regression in a fully observable series, with the corresponding gain in asymptotic efficiency and faster convergence over competitors. Local Wald, Lagrange Multiplier and Hausman type tests of the hypothesis of no correlation between the latent signal and noise are also proposed.long memory, signal plus noise, semiparametric inference, log-periodogram regression

Alterações recentes na estrutura dos agregados familiares e das famílias e sua influência na saúde em Espanha

[EN] This paper analyses some of the changes that have affected the family as an institution in Spain, using data from the 2001 census as a reference. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in new developing family structures, since this is another factor that illustrates dramatic changes in all major areas of modern life. Two of these new types of family structures constitute social groups susceptible to inadequate life and health conditions: single mothers and elderly people living alone. Health care in Spain constitutes a burden for the family, and these new types of families are more vulnerable and require special attention.[POR] Este texto analisa algumas das mudanças que afectaram a instituição familiar em Espanha usando como fonte de referência o recenseamento realizado em 2001. Uma das causas que explica este crescente interesse pelas novas formas familiares reside, provavelmente, nas próprias transformações que vem experimentando o mundo contemporâneo. Num contexto de grandes mudanças na composição familiar destacam-se dois grupos – mães solteiras e divorciadas e pessoas idosas que vivem sós –, pela maior fragilidade económica e de saúde. Em Espanha, os cuidados de saúde recaem sobretudo na família, pelo que estes novos tipos de agregados familiares requerem maior atenção.[FR] À partir des données du Recensement de la population de 2001, on analyse certains des changements qui ont affecté l’institution familiale en Espagne. Les nouvelles structures familiales ont entrainé des modifications spectaculaires dans tous les secteurs de la vie moderne et méritent donc d’être étudiés. Les mères célibataires ou divorcées et les personnes âgées vivant seules sont les deux groupes sociaux qui risquent le plus d’avoir un niveau de vie ou de santé non satisfaisant. En effet, les soins de santé reposent surtout sur la famille, en Espagne, et les nouveaux types de famille, qui sont les plus vulnérables, exigent qu’une attention particulière leur soit prêtée.S

La sostenibilidad de los centros históricos en los albores del siglo XXI

Studies on the city come including multiple and diverse aspects, which gives rise to the fact that the urban phenomenon becomes something more everytime is something more complex. The study of historical centers of the cities, which, perhaps due to because of considering them as «a consolidated urban phenomenon», or perhaps for other diverse reasons, has not been an object of study of increasing attention with respect to sustainable development. Nevertheless, they are places of great interest; susceptible of transformations and innovations; places of great social interaction, an interaction that varies depending on times, because they are generally inhabited by certain individuals: their residents; used, consumed and enjoyed by others, in relation to its functionality, mainly of tourism, leisure and culture. It is a phenomenon whose characteristics and peculiarities are shared by many historical centers of average cities of the south of Europe. This work tries to show the specific and general problems of the urban historical centers and their own articulation.Los estudios sobre la ciudad vienen abarcando múltiples y diversos aspectos, y cada vez más desde perspectivas interdisciplinares, lo que da lugar a que el fenómeno urbano cada vez sea algo más complejo. El estudio de los centros históricos de las ciudades, que, quizá por considerarlas como «fenómeno urbano consolidado», o quizá por otras diversas razones, no ha sido un objeto de estudio de atención creciente respecto a la sostenibilidad. Sin embargo, son lugares de gran interés; susceptibles de transformaciones e innovaciones; lugares de gran interacción social, una interacción que varía en función de los tiempos, pues generalmente son habitados por unos individuos, los residentes, usados, consumidos y disfrutados por otros, en relación con su funcionalidad, principalmente de turismo, ocio y cultura. Es un fenómeno cuyas características y peculiaridades son propias de muchos centros históricos de ciudades medias del sur de Europa. El trabajo pretende mostrar los problemas específicos y generales de los centros históricos urbanos y su propia articulación

Selection of the number of frequencies using bootstrap techniques in log-periodogram regression

The choice of the bandwidth in the local log-periodogram regression is of crucial importance for estimation of the memory parameter of a long memory time series. Different choices may give rise to completely different estimates, which may lead to contradictory conclusions, for example about the stationarity of the series. We propose here a data driven bandwidth selection strategy that is based on minimizing a bootstrap approximation of the mean squared error and compare its performance with other existing techniques for optimal bandwidth selection in a mean squared error sense, revealing its better performance in a wider class of models. The empirical applicability of the proposed strategy is shown with two examples: the widely analyzed in a long memory context Nile river annual minimum levels and the input gas rate series of Box and Jenkins.bootstrap, long memory, log-periodogram regression, bandwidth selection

Strategic planning and change management.Examples of Barcelona, Seville and Saragossa (Spain)

This work attempts to underline that motivating and managing change in the mentality of its environment, and being in tune with society's changing needs is the basis of successful strategic planning. Our aim is to highlight planning as a way of learning, that is, planning implies changing ways of thinking, not making plans. Strategic learning requires releasing the mind in order to slip flexibly into the continuous line and to achieve the creation of possible action courses from a fertile dialogue between thought and action. Using our insights from the two literatures, we propose a dynamic, integrative conceptual model of change based on organizational learning. This practice has been analysed in three Spanish cities where important events have taken place.

Third demographic transition and demographic dividend : an application based on panel data analysis

P. 59-82The third demographic transition, barely mentioned by some authors and implicit for others, refers to changes in the demographic structures of the most developed countries promoted by the most recent migratory flows, with repercussions in aspects such as age structure or the composition of the labour market. The concept of the third demographic transition revolves around the increasing presence of foreigners, many of whom take up jobs that nationals reject, as well as other more skilled posts. Using the panel data methodology, we try to explain the third demographic dividend whose impact can be seen in the labour market. The results enable us to conclude that the foreign worker differential puts downward pressure on salaries, which affects other groups. If workers are available and policies are constructive, this leads to positive results and social wealth.S

Strategic planning and change management. Examples of Barcelona, Seville and Saragossa (Spain)

[EN] This work attempts to underline that motivating and managing change in the mentality of its environment, and being in tune with society’s changing needs is the basis of successful strategic planning. Our aim is to highlight planning as a way of learning, that is, planning implies changing ways of thinking, not making plans. Strategic learning requires releasing the mind in order to slip flexibly into the continuous line and to achieve the creation of possible action courses from a fertile dialogue between thought and action. Using our insights from the two literatures, we propose a dynamic, integrative conceptual model of change based on organizational learning. This practice has been analysed in three Spanish cities where important events have taken place.S