Does microbiota influence the risk of childhood obesity?

Childhood obesity is associated to incremented risk of developing diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, or cancer, later in life. Several factors affect infant weight gain such as genetics, maternal lifestyle, and other environmental factors. Perinatal period is considered to be the most important one when defining metabolic programming of the future adult. Several previous researches have discussed the role that gut microbiota might play on obesity risk and its development between 3-5 years old. Again, perinatal period is crucial to define quantity and diversity of a healthy intestinal microbiota. Maternal diet/BMI, delivery mode, antibiotic exposure and breastfeeding are some of the processes that will determine a favorable gut microbiota. Functions of gut microbiota, mostly by producing short-chain fatty acids as metabolites, include regulation of metabolism and immune system of the host, which may be compromised in case of dysbiosis. This review pretends to evaluate the state of the art concerning infant obesity and the role of gut microbiota. Despite the large amount of scientific publications, there is still much work to do regarding the clarification of mechanisms and the possible therapy for childhood obesity.La obesidad infantil se asocia con el incremento del riesgo de desarrollar futuras enfermedades como la diabetes, las enfermedades cardiovasculares o el cáncer. Varios factores afectan la ganancia de peso infantil, como la genética, el estilo de vida materno y otros factores ambientales. El período perinatal es considerado como el más importante a la hora de definir la programación metabólica del futuro adulto. Varias investigaciones previas han discutido el rol que podría tener la microbiota intestinal en el riesgo de obesidad y su desarrollo entre los 3 y 5 años. Una vez más, el período perinatal es crucial para definir la cantidad y la diversidad de una microbiota intestinal saludable. La dieta materna, el tipo de parto, la exposición a los antibióticos y la lactancia materna son algunos de los procesos que determinarán una microbiota intestinal favorable. Las funciones de la microbiota intestinal, principalmente mediante la producción de ácidos grasos de cadena corta como metabolitos, incluyen la regulación del metabolismo y el sistema inmunológico del huésped, que pueden estar comprometidos en caso de disbiosis. Esta revisión pretende evaluar el estado del arte en relación con la obesidad infantil y el papel de la microbiota intestinal. A pesar de la gran cantidad de publicaciones científicas, todavía hace falta aclarar los mecanismos y la posible terapia para la obesidad infantil.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

¿Influye la microbiota en el riesgo de obesidad infantil?

Childhood obesity is associated to incremented risk of developing diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, or cancer, later in life. Several factors affect infant weight gain such as genetics, maternal lifestyle, and other environmental factors. Perinatal period is considered to be the most important one to when defining metabolic programming of the future adult. Several previous researches have discussed the role that gut microbiota might play on obesity risk and its development between 3-5 years old. Again, perinatal period is crucial to define quantity and diversity of a healthy intestinal microbiota. Maternal diet/BMI, delivery mode, antibiotic exposure and breastfeeding are some of the processes that will determine a favorable gut microbiota. Functions of gut microbiota, mostly by producing short-chain fatty acids as metabolites, include regulation of metabolism and immune system of the host, which may be compromised in case of dysbiosis. This review pretends to evaluate the state of the art concerning infant obesity and the role of gut microbiota. Despite the large amount of scientific publications, there is still much work to do regarding the clarification of mechanisms and the possible therapy for childhood obesity.La obesidad infantil se asocia con el incremento del riesgo de desarrollar futuras enfermedades como la diabetes, las enfermedades cardiovasculares o el cáncer. Varios factores afectan la ganancia de peso infantil, como la genética, el estilo de vida materno y otros factores ambientales. El período perinatal es considerado como el más importante a la hora de definir la programación metabólica del futuro adulto. Varias investigaciones previas han discutido el rol que podría tener la microbiota intestinal en el riesgo de obesidad y su desarrollo entre los 3 y 5 años. Una vez más, el período perinatal es crucial para definir la cantidad y la diversidad de una microbiota intestinal saludable. La dieta materna, el tipo de parto, la exposición a los antibióticos y la lactancia materna son algunos de los procesos que determinarán una microbiota intestinal favorable. Las funciones de la microbiota intestinal, principalmente mediante la producción de ácidos grasos de cadena corta como metabolitos, incluyen la regulación del metabolismo y el sistema inmunológico del huésped, que pueden estar comprometidos en caso de disbiosis. Esta revisión pretende evaluar el estado del arte en relación con la obesidad infantil y el papel de la microbiota intestinal. A pesar de la gran cantidad de publicaciones científicas, todavía hace falta aclarar los mecanismos y la posible terapia para la obesidad infantil

Efectos de la fatiga sobre la actividad muscular durante sucesivos test de sentadilla (30 seg).

Resumen:  Introducción: La fatiga se define como la incapacidad del Sistema neuromuscular para mantener un nivel determinado de potencia. La monitorización de la pérdida de Altura de salto ha sido utilizada como un indicador de fatiga muscular. La Electromiografía (EMG) es también una herramienta adecuada para determinar la fatiga ya que tiene una alta correlación con las unidades motoras activas (reclutamiento de fibras musculares). El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar los efectos de la fatiga sobre la actividad muscular en las extremidades inferiores durante sucesivos test de media sentadilla (30 segundos). Métodos: 5 sujetos sanos entrenados participaron en el estudio. Realizaron 2 sesiones de test, un test de potencia máxima de media sentadilla y 4 series de un test de capacidad anaeróbica de media sentadilla (30 seg.). Resultados: Se observaron diferencias significativas (P=0.002) en la comparativa de los efectos inter-sujetos (Vasto lateral vs. Recto femoral). Observamos también diferencias significativas en la comparación por pares (P<0.001). Conclusiones: Observamos cómo la fatiga modifica la activación neuromuscular del vasto lateral y el recto femoral durante la ejecución de 4 test consecutivos de media sentadilla (30 seg.).Peer Reviewe

Realfood and cancer: analysis of the reliability and quality of YouTube content

This study analyzes the quality and reliability of videos related to nutrition and cancer on YouTube. Study Design: An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, time-limited study analyzing activity on the social network YouTube was proposed. Methods: The information from the videos was extracted through an API search tool, using the NodeXL software. The criteria to select the videos on YouTube were the keywords “real food”, “realfood”, and “cancer” and the hashtags #realfood and #cancer were present, videos in English and videos available on 1 December 2022. Results: The DISCERN value in the total number of videos viewed was 2.25 (±0.88) points, indicating low reliability. The videos uploaded by HRU represented only 20.8%. Videos suggesting that the use of foods defined as “real food” could cure cancer without the intervention of any other treatment accounted for 12.5%. Videos that provided external links to scientific/technical evidence verifying the information represented only 13.89% of the total number of videos. Of these videos, 70% corresponded to HRU. The DISCERN value for videos from HRU users was 3.05 (0.88), a value that reflects a good reliability of videos from these users. Conclusions: This study provides information on the content and quality of the videos that we can find on YouTube. We found videos of non-health users who do not base their content on any scientific evidence, with the danger that this entails for the population, but it also highlights that the videos published by HRU have greater reliability and quality, being better perceived by the population, so it is important to encourage healthcare professionals and health institutions to share verified information on YouTube.This research was funded by Fundación Banco Santander and Fundación Alfonso X el Sabio, grant number 1014011. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Effects of Creatine Supplementation after 20 Minutes of Recovery in a Bench Press Exercise Protocol in Moderately Physically Trained Men

The aims of this study were to analyse the effect of creatine supplementation on the performance improvement in a bench pressing (BP) strength test of muscle failure and to evaluate muscle fatigue and metabolic stress 20 min after the exercise. Methods: Fifty young and healthy individuals were randomly assigned to a creatine group (n = 25) or a placebo group (n = 25). Three exercise sessions were carried out, with one week of rest between them. In the first week, a progressive load BP test was performed until the individuals reached the one repetition maximum (1RM) in order to for us obtain the load-to-velocity ratio of each participant. In the second week, the participants conducted a three-set BP exercise protocol against 70% 1RM, where they performed the maximum number of repetitions (MNR) until muscle failure occurred, with two minutes of rest between the sets. After one week, and following a supplementation period of 7 days, where half of the participants consumed 0.3 g·kg−1·day−1 of creatine monohydrate (CR) and the other half consumed 0.3 g·kg−1·day−1 of placebo (PLA, maltodextrin), the protocol from the second week was repeated. After each set, and up to 20 min after finishing the exercise, the blood lactate concentrations and mean propulsive velocity (MPV) at 1 m·s−1 were measured. Results: The CR group performed a significantly higher number of repetitions in Set 1 (CR = 14.8 repetitions, PLA = 13.6 repetitions, p = 0.006) and Set 2 (CR = 8 repetitions, PLA = 6.7 repetitions, p = 0.006) after supplementation, whereas no significant differences were seen in Set 3 (CR = 5.3 repetitions, PLA = 4.7 repetitions, p = 0.176). However, there was a significant increase in blood lactate at minute 10 (p = 0.003), minute 15 (p = 0.020), and minute 20 (p = 0.015) after the exercise in the post-supplementation period. Similarly, a significant increase was observed in the MPV at 1 m·s−1 in the CR group with respect to the PLA group at 10, 15, and 20 min after the exercise. Conclusions: Although the creatine supplementation improved the performance in the strength test of muscle failure, the metabolic stress and muscle fatigue values were greater during the 20 min of recovery

Muscle Recovery after a Single Bout of Functional Fitness Training

Background: Functional fitness training (FFT) is a new exercise modality that targets functional multi-joint actions via both muscle-strengthening exercises and aerobic training intervals. The aim of the study was to examine muscle recovery over a 20 min period after an FFT workout in trained adults. Materials and methods: Participants were 28 healthy trained subjects. In a single session, a countermovement jump (CMJ) was performed to determine several mechanical variables (jump height, maximum velocity, power) before (preFFT) and 4, 10, and 20 min after the FFT workout (postFFT). In parallel, capillary blood lactate concentrations were measured pre- and 3 min postFFT. Heart rate was also measured before and after the workout, and perceived exertion was measured postFFT. Results: Significant differences between the time points preFFT and 4 min and 10 min postFFT, respectively, were produced in jump height (p = 0.022, p = 0.034), maximum velocity (p = 0.016, p = 0.005), average power relative (p = 0.018, p = 0.049), and average power total (p = 0.025, p = 0.049). No differences were observed in any of the variables recorded preFFT and 20 min postFFT. Conclusions: While mechanical variables indicating muscle fatigue were reduced 4 and 10 min postFFT, pre-exercise jump ability only really started to recover 20 min after FFT although not reaching pre-exercise levels. This means that ideally intervals of around 20 min of rest should be implemented between training bouts.Sección Deptal. de Radiología, Rehabilitación y Fisioterapia (Enfermería)Fac. de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y PodologíaTRUEAlfonso X el Sabio University Foundationpu

Effects of Capacitive-Resistive Electric Transfer on Sports Performance in Paralympic Swimmers: A Stopped Randomized Clinical Trial

Throughout history a variety of therapeutic tools have been studied as possible enhancers of sports activities. This study proposes the use of Capacitive-Resistive Electric Transfer (CRET) as a performance booster to paralympic athletes, specifically those belonging to the Spanish Paralympic swimming committee. The study was a randomized, single-blind, and observer-blind, crossover clinical trial. Six athletes were randomly assigned to three groups: one treated with CRET (A); a placebo group (B) and a control group (C). The CRET group attended a twenty-minute session before being subjected to pool trials at distances of 50 and 100 m at maximum performance. Measurements were in two dimensions: time in seconds and the Borg scale for perceived exertion. Comparisons between groups were made with respect to distance and the main variables. In the case of perceived exertion, no significant changes were observed in any of the distances; however, in the case of the time variable, a significant difference was observed between Group A vs. Personal Record at 100 m distance (76.3 ± 6.8 vs. 68.4 ± 3.3). The proposed protocol and level of hyperthermia applied suggest refusal of CRET use for the 100-m distance a few minutes before sports practice. Our analysis suggests the need to modify the presented protocol. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier under NCT number: NCT0433600

Condicionantes socioeconómicos de los hábitos alimentarios e ingesta de energía y nutrientes en escolares de la población española

El estudio de la nutrición no se refiere únicamente a la comprensión de los efectos del equilibrio entre el aporte y la demanda de los sustratos y cofactores requeridos para el óptimo funcionamiento de órganos y sistemas tanto en etapas de desarrollo y crecimiento como en etapas de mantenimiento. La nutrición profundiza también en la complejidad de los efectos de esos factores biológicos en presencia de factores sociales. La disponibilidad y la accesibilidad de los grupos de población a una cantidad y calidad específicas de alimentos, así como el efecto de los movimientos sociales, la costumbre y el estímulo psicológico que representa la compañía de otras personas durante el acto de la alimentación, son aspectos que modifican la ingesta y consecuentemente no se pueden olvidar en el estudio de la nutrición. Es fundamental que durante la infancia se adquieran unos hábitos alimentarios saludables, hábitos que serán difíciles de cambiar a lo largo de la vida. Una alimentación correcta durante la infancia promueve la salud futura. El objeto de esta tesis es establecer la influencia de los factores socioeconómicos y demográficos sobre los hábitos alimentarios, así como la ingesta de energía y nutrientes en un colectivo de escolares. Para ello se han estudiado un grupo de 1506 escolares de 9 provincias españolas. Se recogieron datos antropométricos, dietéticos, socioeconómicos y demográficos

Conocimiento y actitud sobre prácticas en farmacovigilancia de los profesionales farmacéuticos de farmacia comunitaria y farmacia hospitalaria en España

Background: The justification of the study was to assess the degree of knowledge of Spanish pharmacists in the field of Pharmacovigilance, their degree of notification of adverse drug reactions and their need for training, establishing the differences between community pharmacy pharmacist and those of hospital pharmacy. Methods: A questionnaire with twelve questions on Pharmacovigilance was designed. The distribution and collection of the questionnaires were carried out via online in collaboration with the Official Colleges of Pharmacists and the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy during the period from November 2018 to June 2019. The target population were the pharmacists registered or belonging to the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy. The results were processed using a descriptive and analytical analysis. The qualitative variables were presented with their frequency distribution and the quantitative with their mean and standard deviation. Results: 99% of hospital pharmacists said they had evidence of suspected adverse reactions and 96.9% of them ever reported. 73.5% of community pharmacists stated that they had knowledge of suspected adverse reactions but only 48.7% confirmed that they notified them. In general, the pharmacists surveyed agreed on the importance of Pharmacovigilance and believed that the quality of treatments could be improved and the Spanish health system would be saved if Pharmacovigilance was applied more. Conclusions: Our results indicated that hospital pharmacists report much more adverse drug reactions than community pharmacist does. It also hospital pharmacists who know best the obligations they have with Pharmacovigilance. The surveyed pharmacists thought that the development of actions in Pharmacovigilance would increase the adherence of pharmaceutical professionals to the notification and would imply improvements in the quality of treatments, the rational use of medications and patient safety.Fundamentos: La justificación del estudio fue evaluar el grado de conocimiento de los farmacéuticos españoles en el ámbito de la Farmacovigilancia, su grado de notificación de Reacciones Adversas a Medicamentos (RAM) y su necesidad de formación, estableciendo las diferencias entre los farmacéuticos de farmacia comunitaria (FC) y los de farmacia hospitalaria (FH). Métodos: Se diseñó un cuestionario con doce preguntas sobre Farmacovigilancia. La distribución y recogida de los cuestionarios se realizo vía online con la colaboración de los Colegios Oficiales de Farmacéuticos y la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria, durante el periodo de noviembre de 2018 a junio de 2019.La población diana fueron los farmacéuticos colegiados o pertenecientes a la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria. Los resultados fueron procesados mediante un análisis descriptivo y analítico. Las variables cualitativas se presentaron con su distribución de frecuencias y las cuantitativas con su media y desviación estándar. Resultados: El 99% de los FH afirmaron haber tenido constancia de una RAM y el 96,9% de ellos la notificaron. El 73,5% de los FC declararon que tuvieron constancia de una RAM pero sólo el 48,7% confirmaron que la notificaran. En general, los farmacéuticos encuestados estaban de acuerdo en la importancia de la Farmacovigilancia, y opinaban que se podría mejorar la calidad de los tratamientos y se ahorraría en el sistema de salud español si se aplicara más la Farmacovigilancia. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados indican que los FH notifican más una RAM que los FC. También son los FH los que conocen mejor las obligaciones que tienen con Farmacovigilancia. Los farmacéuticos encuestados piensan que el desarrollo de actuaciones en Farmacovigilancia, aumentaría la adhesión de los profesionales a la notificación e implicaría mejoras en la calidad de los tratamientos, el uso racional de los medicamentos y la seguridad del paciente

Does microbiota influence the risk of childhood obesity?

Childhood obesity is associated to incremented risk of developing diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, or cancer, later in life. Several factors affect infant weight gain such as genetics, maternal lifestyle, and other environmental factors. Perinatal period is considered to be the most important one to when defining metabolic programming of the future adult. Several previous researches have discussed the role that gut microbiota might play on obesity risk and its development between 3-5 years old. Again, perinatal period is crucial to define quantity and diversity of a healthy intestinal microbiota. Maternal diet/BMI, delivery mode, antibiotic exposure and breastfeeding are some of the processes that will determine a favorable gut microbiota. Functions of gut microbiota, mostly by producing short-chain fatty acids as metabolites, include regulation of metabolism and immune system of the host, which may be compromised in case of dysbiosis. This review pretends to evaluate the state of the art concerning infant obesity and the role of gut microbiota. Despite the large amount of scientific publications, there is still much work to do regarding the clarification of mechanisms and the possible therapy for childhood obesity.La obesidad infantil se asocia con el incremento del riesgo de desarrollar futuras enfermedades como la diabetes, las enfermedades cardiovasculares o el cáncer. Varios factores afectan la ganancia de peso infantil, como la genética, el estilo de vida materno y otros factores ambientales. El período perinatal es considerado como el más importante a la hora de definir la programación metabólica del futuro adulto. Varias investigaciones previas han discutido el rol que podría tener la microbiota intestinal en el riesgo de obesidad y su desarrollo entre los 3 y 5 años. Una vez más, el período perinatal es crucial para definir la cantidad y la diversidad de una microbiota intestinal saludable. La dieta materna, el tipo de parto, la exposición a los antibióticos y la lactancia materna son algunos de los procesos que determinarán una microbiota intestinal favorable. Las funciones de la microbiota intestinal, principalmente mediante la producción de ácidos grasos de cadena corta como metabolitos, incluyen la regulación del metabolismo y el sistema inmunológico del huésped, que pueden estar comprometidos en caso de disbiosis. Esta revisión pretende evaluar el estado del arte en relación con la obesidad infantil y el papel de la microbiota intestinal. A pesar de la gran cantidad de publicaciones científicas, todavía hace falta aclarar los mecanismos y la posible terapia para la obesidad infantil