58 research outputs found

    Expression of Glycosaminoglycans and Small Proteoglycans in Wounds: Modulation by the Tripeptide–Copper Complex Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine-Cu2+

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    Glycyl-histidyl-lysine-Cu2+ is a tripeptide–copper complex previously shown to be an activator of wound healing. We have investigated the effects of glycyl-histidyl-lysine-Cu2+ on the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and small proteoglycans in a model of rat experimental wounds and in rat dermal fibroblast cultures. Repeated injections of glycyl-histidyl-lysine-Cu2+ (2 mg per injection) stimulated the wound tissue production, as appreciated by dry weight and total protein measurements. This stimulation was accompanied by an increased production of type I collagen and glycosaminoglycans (assessed, respectively, by hydroxyproline and uronic acid contents of the chamber). Electrophoretic analysis of wound tissue glycosaminoglycans showed an accumulation of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate in control wound chambers, whereas the proportion of hyaluronic acid decreased with time. The accumulation of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate was enhanced by glycyl-histidyl-lysine-Cu2+ treatment. The expression of two small proteoglycans of the dermis, decorin and biglycan, was analyzed by northern blot. The biglycan mRNA steady-state level in the chamber was maximal at day 12, whereas the decorin mRNA increased progressively until the end of the experiment (day 22). Glycyl-histidyl-lysine-Cu2+ treatment increased the mRNA level of decorin and decreased those of biglycan. In dermal fibroblast cultures, the stimulation of decorin expression by glycyl-histidyl-lysine-Cu2+ was also found. In contrast, biglycan expression was not modified. These results show that the expression of different proteoglycans in wound tissue are regulated in a different manner during wound healing. The glycyl-histidyl-lysine-Cu2+ complex is able to modulate the expression of the extracellular matrix macromolecules differently during the wound repair process

    Human collagen Krox up-regulates type I collagen expression in normal and scleroderma fibroblasts through interaction with Sp1 and Sp3 transcription factors.

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    Despite several investigations, the transcriptional mechanisms that regulate the expression of both type I collagen genes (COL1A1 and COL1A2) in either physiological or pathological situations, such as scleroderma, are not completely known. We have investigated the role of hc-Krox transcription factor on type I collagen expression by human dermal fibroblasts. hc-Krox exerted a stimulating effect on type I collagen protein synthesis and enhanced the corresponding mRNA steady-state levels of COL1A1 and COL1A2 in foreskin fibroblasts (FF), adult normal fibroblasts (ANF), and scleroderma fibroblasts (SF). Forced hc-Krox expression was found to up-regulate COL1A1 transcription through a -112/-61-bp sequence in FF, ANF, and SF. Knockdown of hc-Krox by short interfering RNA and decoy strategies confirmed the transactivating effect of hc-Krox and decreased substantially COL1A1 transcription levels in all fibro-blast types. The -112/-61-bp sequence bound specifically hc-Krox but also Sp1 and CBF. Attempts to elucidate the potential interactions between hc-Krox, Sp1, and Sp3 revealed that all of them co-immunoprecipitate from FF cellular extracts when a c-Krox antibody was used and bind to the COL1A1 promoter in chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Moreover, hc-Krox DNA binding activity to its COL1A1-responsive element is increased in SF, cells producing higher amounts of type I collagen compared with ANF and FF. These data suggest that the regulation of COL1A1 gene transcription in human dermal fibroblasts involves a complex machinery that implicates at least three transcription proteins, hc-Krox, Sp1, and Sp3, which could act in concert to up-regulate COL1A1 transcriptional activity and provide evidence for a pro-fibrotic role of hc-Krox

    Tetrastatin, the NC1 Domain of the α4(IV) Collagen Chain: A Novel Potent Anti-Tumor Matrikine

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    BACKGROUND: NC1 domains from α1, α2, α3 and α6(IV) collagen chains were shown to exert anti-tumor or anti-angiogenic activities, whereas the NC1 domain of the α4(IV) chain did not show such activities so far. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We demonstrate in the present paper that the NC1 α4(IV) domain exerts a potent anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in an experimental human melanoma model in vivo. The overexpression of NC1 α4(IV) in human UACC-903 melanoma cells strongly inhibited their in vitro proliferative (-38%) and invasive (-52%) properties. MT1-MMP activation was largely decreased and its cellular distribution was modified, resulting in a loss of expression at the migration front associated with a loss of migratory phenotype. In an in vivo xenograft model in athymic nude mice, the subcutaneous injection of NC1 α4(IV)-overexpressing melanoma cells induced significantly smaller tumors (-80% tumor volume) than the Mock cells, due to a strong inhibition of tumor growth. Exogenously added recombinant human NC1 α4(IV) reproduced the inhibitory effects of NC1 α4(IV) overexpression in UACC-903 cells but not in dermal fibroblasts. An anti-αvÎČ3 integrin blocking antibody inhibited cell adhesion on recombinant human NC1 α4(IV) substratum. The involvement of αvÎČ3 integrin in mediating NC1 α4(IV) effect was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) binding assays showing that recombinant human NC1 α4(IV) binds to αvÎČ3 integrin (K(D) = 148 ± 9.54 nM). CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Collectively, our results demonstrate that the NC1 α4(IV) domain, named tetrastatin, is a new endogenous anti-tumor matrikine

    Jacques-Paul Borel

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    Cinquante ans de recherche sur le tissu conjonctif : du Club Français du Tissu Conjonctif à la Société Française de Biologie de la Matrice Extracellulaire

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    C’est vers le milieu du 19e siĂšcle que la notion de tissu conjonctif a vu le jour. Il a fallu encore une cinquantaine d’annĂ©es pour que, dans la premiĂšre moitiĂ© du 20e siĂšcle, les premiĂšres notions biochimiques concernant les macromolĂ©cules de la matrice extracellulaire commencent Ă  apparaĂźtre. En 1965, grĂące Ă  Ladislas et Barbara Robert, de retour des États-Unis, la premiĂšre sociĂ©tĂ© savante intitulĂ©e « Club Français du Tissu Conjonctif » est crĂ©Ă©e Ă  Paris. Le premier bureau est constituĂ© d’Albert Delaunay, Suzanne Bazin et Ladislas Robert. TrĂšs rapidement, sous l’impulsion de ces pionniers, des rĂ©unions nationales et internationales sont organisĂ©es et, en 1967, est crĂ©Ă©e, Ă  l’initiative de Ladislas Robert (Paris) et John Scott (Manchester), la FĂ©dĂ©ration des Clubs EuropĂ©ens du Tissu Conjonctif. Celle-ci s’étend rapidement aux principales nations europĂ©ennes. En 1982 survient la transformation des « Clubs » en « SociĂ©tĂ©s », appellation plus conforme aux exigences scientifiques actuelles. En 2008, enfin, la « SociĂ©tĂ© Française du Tissu Conjonctif » devient « SociĂ©tĂ© Française de Biologie de la Matrice Extracellulaire » (SFBMEc), appellation permettant de mieux mettre en Ă©vidence l’importance de la matrice extracellulaire et de ses fonctions dans la biologie des organismes vivants. La SFBMEc a aujourd’hui pour mission de promouvoir et dĂ©velopper les Ă©changes scientifiques entre les laboratoires acadĂ©miques, industriels et hospitaliers impliquĂ©s dans la recherche sur la matrice extracellulaire. Elle organise ou subventionne des rĂ©unions scientifiques et attribue des bourses Ă  des doctorants ou post-doctorants pour participer Ă  des congrĂšs internationau

    Protéolyse dirigée par la matrice extracellulaire

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    La dĂ©gradation de la matrice extracellulaire (MEC) au cours des processus physiopathologiques implique essentiellement deux systĂšmes protĂ©olytiques : celui constituĂ© par des activateurs du plasminogĂšne et du plasminogĂšne (systĂšme de la plasmine), et celui formant la famille des mĂ©talloprotĂ©inases matricielles (MMPs). Les activitĂ©s de ces enzymes sont rĂ©gies par des cascades protĂ©olytiques formĂ©es dans l’espace pĂ©ricellulaire oĂč des assemblages multiprotĂ©iques (intĂ©grines, protĂ©inases, Ă©lĂ©ments matriciels, inhibiteurs, activateurs...) participent Ă  l’activitĂ© catalytique au niveau de structures membranaires (invadopodes, cavĂ©oles).L’action de ces protĂ©inases engendre la formation de peptides matriciels (matricryptines, matrikines) qui, par rĂ©tro-contrĂŽle, peuvent rĂ©guler l’expression de ces MMPs ; ces mĂȘmes enzymes (notamment les gĂ©latinases) sont Ă©galement capables d’activer certains facteurs de croissance comme le pro TGFÎČ, ou libĂ©rer ces facteurs ancrĂ©s au sein de la MEC.Les interactions entre les formes zymogĂšnes des gĂ©latinases avec certains composants matriciels sont susceptibles de stimuler l’activation de ces enzymes par diffĂ©rents mĂ©canismes; finalement des protĂ©ines matricellulaires : les thrombospondines 1 et 2 peuvent rĂ©guler ces enzymes par endocytose.Cette notion de protĂ©olyse dirigĂ©e par la MEC suggĂšre la possibilitĂ© d’utiliser certains peptides ou pseudopeptides matriciels afin de contrĂŽler notamment l’invasion cellulaire

    Effets biologiques de peptides des collagĂšnes I et IV

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    Divers processus biologiques, comme la diffĂ©renciation cellulaire, la migration cellulaire ou l’expression des gĂšnes, sont contrĂŽlĂ©s par des interactions cellule - cellule ou par des cytokines, mais aussi par des interactions entre cellules et matrice extracellulaire. La rĂ©gulation de ces processus implique une protĂ©olyse limitĂ©e et dirigĂ©e des macromolĂ©cules matricielles, induisant la libĂ©ration de domaines protĂ©iques et de peptides dotĂ©s d’activitĂ©s biologiques. Dans cette revue, nous rĂ©sumons des rĂ©sultats de notre laboratoire montrant que des peptides des collagĂšnes de types I et IV jouent un rĂŽle important dans la rĂ©gulation de l'inflammation et de la progression tumorale. Des peptides du collagĂšne I stimulent l’explosion respiratoire, l’exocytose des granules cytoplasmiques et la sĂ©crĂ©tion de cytokines par des leucocytes humains (neutrophiles polynuclĂ©aires et monocytes), pour la dĂ©tersion des sites inflammatoires et ensuite pour attirer divers types de cellules nĂ©cessaires Ă  la cicatrisation. Un peptide du domaine NCI de la chaĂźne α3(IV) du collagĂšne IV empĂȘche l’activation des leucocytes. De plus, ce peptide est capable de limiter la progression tumorale en diminuant les propriĂ©tĂ©s invasives in vitro et in vivo de cellules de mĂ©lanome
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