Significance of the nuclear Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor in Cancer

This present study was carried out at London South Bank University. The focal point of the study was my passion to learn more about cancer and to have a better understanding of nuclear insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 association with oncology. This study was planned to be an experimental study, in which I was supposed to conduct co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot experiments, as well as kinase assay, in order to validate previous bioinformatic results by Dr. Aleem’s team. However, the major problem that I faced was due to the current Covid-19 pandemic. It was not possible to go to the lab due to the lockdown. We, therefore, decided to do a literature review instead. The objective was to make this study as accurate as possible. I apologize, in advance, for any error found which were certainly not knowingly made. Above all, the purpose of the study will be served if it becomes source of knowledge for general public

The Efficacy of Spirometry as a Screening Tool in Detection of Air Flow Obstruction

Background/Objectives: In developing countries, spirometry has not been considered a part of routine medical check-up. The purpose of the study was to establish the usefulness of spirometry as a primary screening tool in detecting air flow obstruction (AFO) during routine medical check-up (RMC). Methods: This was a hospital based, retrospective, non-randomized case series study of 3696 participants, who presented to hospital for routine medical check-up. All subjects were assisted at the Pulmonary Medicine Department, from January 2003 till December 2008 who, having met other inclusion criteria, underwent spirometry. Data were analyzed using proportion, group means, standard deviations and Pearson Chi Square test. Results: The overall yield from spirometry in detecting AFO was 211 patients (5.7%); 174 males (6.1%) and 37 females (4.4%) (P=0.158, Pearson Chi Square test). Greater age at presentation and BMI correlated significantly with AFO in the target group (P=\u3c0.001; P=\u3c0.005) respectively. Dyspnoea was the most frequent symptomatology observed in those diagnosed with AFO. Conclusion: These results suggest that spirometry during RMC for all persons can detect a significant number of patients with AFO particularly among the middle and older age groups with a low BMI

Comparative analysis of the semantic features of idioms, phraseological phrases, proverbs and sayings in Azerbaijani and English languages and some ways of their translation

This investigation work is dedicated to the research of comparatively analyses of phraseological expressions, proverbs and wise-sayings.In modern English and Azerbaijani languages the comparatively investigation of phraseological combinations are necessary in many aspects. Firstly, the investigation of phraseological units in different systematic languages helps to identify the objective laws of languages in that aspect. The second point is that, the research of these kinds of units help to gain more idea about the semantic progress of language and its lexical system.This research is interesting from the theoretical aspect of linguistics. It‟s hard to imagine the human speech without phraseological units, proverbs and sayings.That‟s why, phraseological units, proverbs and sayings that have a great history also have a great part in today‟s natural speech. Phraseological units, proverbs ans sayings are created as the view of the ways of folk life by folk and represented their traditions, customs and the view of morality. The purpose of this thesis is the exploration of internal-semantic and external-semantic structure of phraseological units, proverbs and sayings, to study how to translate them, the explanation of their usage features from theoretical and practical aspects. The aim of the dissertation thesis has determined these tasks: -to compare the difference of phraseological units, proverbs and sayings between Azerbaijani and English languages; -to found the rich sources of phraseological units, proverbs and sayings comparatively in both languages; -to explore phraseological units, proverbs and sayings according to the semantic aspect and some ways of their translation. The practical value of given work is that it can be useful as a literary source for everybody who wants to study the phraseological expressions,proverbs and sayings 4 and can be serve for the courses in linguistics. During our research we based on the materials of some authors like– I.Rahimov,H.Bayramov,V.V.Vinogradov,L.A.Bulakhovsky,H.E.Palmer,L.Smith, I.V.Smitnitsky and others. We also used article of author as A.V.Kunin on the topic “О фразеологических сращениях в современном Английском языке” from the magazine “Иностранные языки в школе“. According to the the method of investigation, we try to use comparison-contrasting and descriptive method. In writing process of this work we used the typological investigation according this linguistic aspect and applied some scientific directions. The given dissertation thesis consists of an introduction, two main chapters, conclusion and references

Comparison of Effects of Sleep Fragmentation on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine IL-1β of Male and Female Adult Mice

Sleep plays an essential role throughout the body by affecting the physiological function and regulation of many systems. One of these systems that receives effects as a result of the adequacy of sleep is the immune system. Previous studies have demonstrated effects of sleep fragmentation upon the immune system; however, sexual differences of these effects have not been studied in depth. To analyze these variances amongst the genders, male and female adult mice were subjected to acute sleep fragmentation (SF) for 24 hours in an automated SF cage that includes a bar sweeping across the cage every two minutes. Meanwhile, the control group of male and female adult mice were left undisturbed. Following SF, the brain, spleen, liver, and white adipose tissues of both SF and control groups of mice were collected and stored in RNAlater solution. Total RNA of each of the tissues belonging to the mice were isolated. Additionally, RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA. Then, gene expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β was assessed using RTPCR with Taqman primer/probes. Results show that female mice exhibited more elevation of IL-1β gene expression in spleen from acute sleep fragmentation compared with males. However, sleep fragmentation did not increase IL- 1β gene expression in liver or white adipose tissue for either sex. Taken together, these data provide more evidence of a sexual difference in immune response with a focus upon obstructive sleep apnea

Maternal social determinants of health and birth weight

Background: Social determinants of health (SDoH) affect health during pregnancy. Previous studies have looked at the association between individual SDoH among pregnant women and neonatal outcome. In this study we looked at the correlation between a cumulative SDoH score and birth weight. Methods: Information on the social determinants of health (SDoH) among pregnant women was collected by using the electronic questionnaire. By using the color-coded wheel, generated by the electronic record system, we developed a SDoH score, ranging from 0-20. A SDoH color of green indicated no concern, while red indicated severe concern. The corresponding birth weight for the maternal SDoH score was noted after delivery. The data was analyzed using the MS excel program. Results: A total of 130 women out of 159 (81%) completed the questionnaire during the study period of eight weeks. The mean SDoH score was 3.12 with standard deviation of 2.3 (range 0-13). The mean birth weight was 3048 grams with standard deviation of 563 grams (range 860-4215 grams). A weak negative correlation (r = - 0.14, R² = 0.0217) was noted between the birth weight and SDoH score. Conclusions: Maternal social determinants of health affect fetal growth. Further studies are needed to validate our findings

Developing Ocean Color Algorithm using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Sensor for Shallow Coastal Water Bodies

This study analyses the spatial and temporal variability of chlorophyll-a in Chesapeake Bay; assesses the performance of Ocean Color 3M (OC3M) algorithm; and develops a novel algorithm to estimate chlorophyll-a for coastal shallow water. The OC3M algorithm yields an accurate estimate of chlorophyll-a concentration for deep ocean water (RMSE=0.016), but it failed to perform well in the coastal water system (RMSE=23.17) of Chesapeake Bay. A novel algorithm was developed which utilizes green and red bands of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. The novel algorithm derived the chlorophyll-a concentration more accurately in Chesapeake Bay (RMSE=4.20) than the OC3M algorithm. The study indicated that the algorithm that uses red bands could improve the satellite estimation of chlorophyll-a in the coastal water system by reducing the noise associated with bottom reflectance and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM

THE PLIGHT OF PRACTICUM INCHINESE TEACHER EDUCATION: A CASE OF A NORMAL UNIVERSITY

The study explored the value and the status of practicum in Chinese undergraduate teacher education (CTE) and identified the challenges of practicum in order to layout ways of improvement. The study investigated the problems with reference to international perspective and was delimited to only Chinese undergraduate pre-service teacher education (TE) programme. Using concurrent mixed method design a survey was distributed to 75 student teachers (STs), 50 mentor teachers, and five supervisors. Among participants, 15 STs and 10 mentors were selected using simple random sampling technique from each cooperating school. All the five supervisors, who were assigned supervising duty during practicum in those five schools, were included in the sample. In this way the response rate of STs, mentors, and supervisors was 96% (72), 90% (45), and 100% respectively. Interview was conducted with 10 STs, five supervisors, and five mentor teachers. For collecting qualitative data, STs and mentors were selected using purposive sampling technique. The time and timing of practicum was found inappropriate. The practicum doesn't have due importance in the education, and the mode of practicum being followed is outdated. The application of test development, administering, and scoring skills was being totally ignored during the practicum. Dividing practicum into different phases and active role of faculties and ministry of education in recognizing and communicating the significance of practicum has been suggested