SEX AND STANDARD LEVELS DIFFERENCES IN ANTHROPOMETRIC AND PHYSICAL FITNESS CHARACTERISTICS IN YOUTH HANDBALL PLAYERS

This study analyzed the relationships between throwing velocity and anthropometric and fitness parameters at different ages in young female and male handball players. A total of 159 players participated: female under-16 (FU16, n=44), under-14 (FU14, n=21); male under-16 (MU16, n=54), under-14 (MU14, n=40). The follow measurements were completed: height, arm-span and body mass, total finger-span, hand-length, maximal isometric hand-grip force, handball throwing velocity, 20-m sprints, countermovement jump and change of direction. The MU16 group showed significantly (P&lt;0.05) greater values for anthropometric characteristics than FU16 and MU14. No significant differences were observed between FU14 and MU14 for any of the anthropometric variables analyzed, or between the two female groups (FU16 vs. FU14). MU16 showed significantly (P&lt;0.05) greater performance in all parameters analyzed than FU16 and MU14. No significant differences were observed between FU14 vs. MU14 or between FU16 vs. FU14. Throwing performance correlated (P&lt;0.05) with almost all anthropometric and fitness parameters evaluated within each group. Male handball players showed greater anthropometric and fitness characteristics in the U16 compared to the U14, whereas no substantial differences were observed in female handball players from U14 to U16. Handball throwing velocity is associated with body and hand dimensions and other physical performance parameters. &nbsp;</p

Capacidad de realizar esprints repetidos en jugadores profesionales de fútbol vs. Fútbol sala

Objetivo: Investigar los cambios producidos ante acciones de esprines repetidos (20+20 metros con cambio de dirección ), el CMJ, la respuesta metabólica (lactato) , y la relación entre estas variables y la fuerza y resistencia en jugadores profesionales de fútbol y fútbol sala. Métodos: Jugadores profesionales (n=30, doce de fútbol sala y veinte de fútbol) completaron tres sesiones de evaluación; VO2max en tapiz rodante, el salto CMJ y la RM en sentadilla completa y finalmente, se realizó el test de RSA (6 x 40 (20+20)). Resultados: Se obtuvieron valores similares de fuerza en sentadilla, en CMJ, de LAC después de la prueba RSA y de VO2max ( 95,12 kg vs 94,73 kg ; 34,5 cm vs 35,9 cm ; 13,65 mmol vs 14,33 mmol ; 62,78 ml·kg·min-1 vs . 62,95 ml·kg·min-1 fútbol vs. fútbol sala, respectivamente). Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas cuando se analizó la pérdida de rendimiento en velocidad (total y entre los tres primeros y tres últimos bloques de esprines) y en salto (2,67% vs 4,4%**; 1,28% vs 2,1%*; 2,88% vs 6,1%**; 9,71% vs 14,3%* de fútbol vs. fútbol sala, respectivamente). Conclusiones: Ambos deportes presentan diferencias significativas en las pérdidas de rendimiento en velocidad y salto a pesar de tener valores similares de fuerza, de VO2max, de lactato tras RSA y de CMJ. Podría atribuirse a los esfuerzos propios de cada deporte y puede sugerir que debería incrementarse el volumen de entrenamiento orientado a la capacidad de realizar esfuerzos repetidos frente a otro tipo de objetivo como la mejora de la capacidad aeróbica, sobre todo a nivel profesional.To investigate the changes through repeated explosive effort sequences (20+20-m sprint with change of direction), jumping, metabolic response (lactate), as well as the relationship between these variables and fitness qualities (strength and endurance) in professional futsal and soccer players. Methods: Male players (n =30, Twelve futsal and twenty soccer players) completed three testing sessions. In the first session was measured VO2max on a motorized treadmill. In the second session was measured counter movement jump (CMJ) and full squat RM in Smith Machine. Finally, in the third session six repeated-explosive effort sequences (RES) was performed. Results: Similar values of lower limbs strength, CMJ height, LAC after RSA test and VO2max (95,12 vs. 94,73; 34,5 vs. 35,9; 13,65 vs. 14,33; 62,78 vs. 62,95 soccer vs. futsal respectively) and significant differences when are analysed the loss of performance in velocity (total and between three first and three last) and vertical jump height (2,67 vs. 4,4**; 1,28 vs. 2,1*; 2,88 vs. 6,1**; 9,71 vs. 14,3* soccer vs. futsal respectively). Conclusions: Professional futsal and soccer obtain significant differences in speed and vertical jump height (CMJ) loss despite having similar values in squat, oxygen consumption, lactate after RSA test and CMJ height. Issue that could be attributed to the characteristics of the sport. This suggests that the volume should be increased oriented ability to perform repeated sprint actions over other type of training aimed at improving aerobic capacity especially at professional level.peerReviewe

The use of TRIMPS to quantify training load in small-sided games in handball

El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la carga interna que supone la utilización mediante un parámetro único que engloba los dos componentes básicos de la carga de entrenamiento, volumen, en forma de minutos, e intensidad que a través del porcentaje de la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) como exigencia fisiológica, para así determinar las exigencias físicas a las que están sometidos los jugadores de balonmano en situaciones reducidas de juego en función de la duración de la misma. Los sujetos participaron en tres formatos: un formato continuo de 8 minutos y dos formatos intermitentes fraccionados (2 periodos de 4 minutos y 4 periodos de 2 minutos) con la misma relación trabajo/descanso de recuperación pasiva entre los diferentes periodos (1:1/4). 12 jugadores (edad 22.82 ± 4.77 años) pertenecientes a un mismo equipo participaron en este estudio. Los sujetos fueron evaluados para valorar la frecuencia cardíaca en los tres formatos. Los resultados presentaron que existen diferencias significativas entre los formatos, siendo el formato continuo el que mayor valor de intensidad mostró. La evidencia sugiere que el formato continuo SSG propuesto induce mayores cargas internas (TRIMPS) en comparación con el formato SSG intermitente.The aim of this study was to examine the internal load of use by a single parameter which includes the two basic components of the training load, volume, in the form of minutes, and intensity by the percentage of heart rate (HR), to determine the physical stresses to which are subject the reduced handball players in small-sided games. Subjects participated in three formats: a continuous format 8 minutes and 2 formats fractionated (2 periods of 4 minutes and 4 periods of 2 minutes) with the same ratio of work / rest of passive recovery between different periods (1: 1 /4). 12 male players (age 22.82 ± 4.77 years) belonging to the same team in the league participated in this study. Subjects were evaluated to assess the heart rate in the three formats. The results showed significant differences between formats, with the biggest beneficiary to continuous format, which seems the most appropriate format to meet the demands of handball. Evidence suggests that continuous format SSG induce greater internal loads in players compared to intermittent SSG format and that should help coaches to establish a better distribution of play according to their objectives.peerReviewe

The force-velocity profile as determinant of spike and serve ball speed in top-level male volleyball players

Understanding the relationship between mechanical variables derived from actions such as jumping, sprinting, or ballistic bench press throwing and sport-specific performance moves is of scientific and practical interest for strength and conditioning coaches for improving training programs. We examined the association between mechanical variables derived from the force-velocity (FV) profiles of the aforementioned actions and spike and serve ball speeds in elite volleyball players. Twenty-two male elite volleyball players (age: 24.3 ± 4.5 years; height: 1.89 ± 0.06 m; body mass: 86.3 ± 8.6 kg) were tested in two sessions. Squatting, sprinting, and bench press throwing FV profiles were determined in the first session, while spike and serve ball speeds were assessed in the second session. The theoretical maximal force (F0) of vertical jumping, the theoretical maximal velocity of sprinting, and the F0 of bench press throwing in ascending order, were strongly associated (rs range 0.53– 0.84; p<0.05) with spike and serve ball speeds. These mechanical variables explained 20%- 36% of the variability in spike and serve ball speeds, with a greater influence on the serve speed. These results suggest that assessing jumping, sprinting, and bench press throwing force-velocity profiles might help provide player-specific training programs and optimize performance in these technical-tactical actions in male elite volleyball players

Analysis of Time-Motion and Heart Rate in Elite Male and Female Beach Handball

Beach handball is a spectacular new team sport; however, scientific knowledge about the demands in beach handball is very low. Consequently, the aim of this study was to analyze the physical demands of elite beach handball players by means of time-motion analysis with GPS technology and physiological response with Heart Rate (HR). Both male (n = 12) and female (n = 12) players from the Spanish Beach Handball National Team were recruited for this study. The sample consisted in four matches of two 10-min periods each. Time-motion analysis was performed through GPS devices (SPI Pro X, 15 Hz, GPSports) with synchronized HR monitoring (Polar Electro, Finland). All parameters were recorded for matches and halves to express overall and time-dependent physical and physiological responses. Total match distance covered by male and female players were 1234.7 ± 192 m and 1118.2 ± 221.8 m, respectively. Female players covered more total distance (p = 0.049, ES = 0.79) and distance walking (p < 0.001, ES = 2.04) in the first half, whereas they covered more distance standing (p = 0.008, ES = 1.05) in the second half at a higher average speed (p < 0.001, ES = 2.28). The number of accelerations distributed over low-, moderate- and high-intensity categories were 43.2 ± 11.6, 9.4 ± 4.9; 0.8 ± 0.9 m/s2 for male players, and 40.3 ± 12.7, 4.3 ± 3.0; 0.1 ± 0.3 m/s2 for female players; equivalent to one body acceleration every 23 s and 27 s, respectively. Finally, male and female players obtained a maximum/mean HR of 173 ± 13 / 137 ± 12 bpm, and 177 ± 13 / 138 ± 18 bpm, with 20.3% and 29.2% of the total time in the anaerobic zone (81 – 90% HRmax), respectively. These results demonstrated that beach handball is a demanding sport, with numerous moderate-to-high intensity displacements, distributed intermittently throughout the game: long periods of low intensity activity interspersed by short bursts of high intensity

Relationships between anthropometric parameters and overarm throw in elite beach handball

Purpose. Beach handball is a physically demanding sport. The aim of the study was to establish the relationships between anthropometric characteristics and overarm ball speed, a key performance factor. Methods. Overall, 11 male players from the Spanish beach handball national team were recruited. Throw speed was assessed in 3 throw types: standing throw (ST), standing throw after two steps (RST), and jump throw with a run-up and self-spin (RSST). Pearson correlation was used to determine the correlation between variables. Magnitudes were evaluated qualitatively with magnitude-based inference, and the effects of anthropometric variables on the throw tests were analysed with stepwise multiple regression. Results. Maximal throw speed was 25.64 ± 4.14 m ∙ s–1 for ST, 23.71 ± 4.24 m ∙ s–1 for RST, and 24.83 ± 5.49 m ∙ s–1 for RSST. Large positive correlations were found between throw speed and middle, ring, and little finger lengths (P4 polygon) (r = 0.66 and 0.61 for ST and RSST, respectively). Very large (r = 0.77) and large (r = 0.68) correlations were observed between ST and RST, respectively, and elbow breadth. These results were likely positive for ST: P4 (76/24/0), elbow epicondyle distance (EED) (91/9/0); and for RST: EED (79/21/0); and possibly positive for RST: P4 (68/32/0). ST and RST were predicted by P4 in 44% and by combining P4 and finger span FS1 in 68%. Conclusions. ST and RST ball speed in beach handball was related to specific hand/elbow anthropometric characteristics which can be easily measured

Anthropometric profile and performance indicators in female elite beach handball players

This study describes the anthropometric and physical profile of the team that was the World Champion of female Beach Handball in 2016. 12 international level field players from Spain Beach Handball National Team participated in this study. The anthropometric and physical profile of the players has been evaluated, measuring: height and weight; skin folds and somatotype was determined. For the physical profile have been measured: maximal isometric hand grip force; throw velocity (throw in static support behind the line of 6 meters; throw with three steps run throw and jump with turn of 360º); speed 5 and 10 meters; countermovement jump (CMJ) and Repeated Sprint Ability on Sand (RSAS). Somatotype obtained from the sample studied, characterized by mesomorphy- endomorphy (3,33 – 3,35 – 2,65). The physical profile shown by the beach handball players champions of the world were: handgrip show very similar values to those shown by the elite Team Handball players. Throw velocity values are slightly higher to those obtained in other studies with Team Handball players. The Spanish World Champion Beach Handball players show anthropometric characteristics with low values than those shown by Beach Handball players of other nationalities, and by Team Handball players

Influencia de la dirección de lanzamiento en la biomecánica de los patrones de movimiento en el lanzamiento en balonmano

The purpose of this study was to compare players’ intra-individual variability in the movement pattern of four throwing directions, which were realized to one of the corners of the goal, in presence of the goalkeeper in handball. Five players participated at the first division of Spanish Handball. Each thrower completed 35 throws in different directions. 3D video techniques were used to determine the rectangular components of the spacial positions between 5 body markers and the ball. An analysis of variance was used to detect the changes produced by the direction of the throw. An additional analysis of variance was used to measure the temporary differences of the direction of the throw using the positions of the 5 body markers used by the 3 specialist throwers. The data showed that when the throw was directed to the left side, the time for the throw was significally longer, and when the throw was directed to lower zones, the time of release tended to increase even more, because the ball is released higher.El propósito de este estudio ha sido comparar la variedad intraindividual del los patrones de movimiento para cuatro direcciones de lanzamiento realizadas a cada una de las cuatro esquinas de la portería en presencia de un portero de balonmano. Los participantes han sido cinco jugadores de Primera División Española. Cada jugador efectuó 35 lanzamientos a diferentes direcciones. Se han utilizado técnicas fotogramétricas tridimensionales para determinar las componentes rectangulares de la posición espacial de 5 marcadores corporales y el balón. Se ha efectuado un análisis de varianza para detectar los cambios producidos en la dirección de lanzamiento y un análisis de la varianza complementario para medir las diferencias temporales de los marcadores corporales para los 3 lanzadores especialistas. Los datos obtenidos muestran que cuando los lanzamientos se dirigen a la zona izquierda de la portería el tiempo de lanzamiento es significativamente mayor y cuando el lanzamiento se dirige a zonas bajas, el tiempo hasta la suelta del balón tiende a incrementarse, debido a que el balón es lanzado desde una mayor altura.peerReviewe

Methodology to improve the model of series inductance in CMOS integrated inductors

This paper presents a systematic optimization methodology to achieve an accurate estimation of series inductance of inductors implemented in standard CMOS technologies. Proposed method is based on an optimization procedure which aims to obtain adjustment factors associated to main physical inductor characteristics, allowing to estimate more accurate series inductance values that can be used in design stage. Experimental measurements of diverse square inductor geometries are shown and compared with previous approaches in order to demonstrate and validate presented approach.National Council of Science and Technology of México (CONACYT) TEC2013-45638-C3-3-RSpanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness TEC2013-45638-C3-3-REuropean Regional Development Fund TEC2013-45638-C3-3-RConsejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo de la Junta de Andalucía P12-TIC-148

Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual sobre la adherencia terapéutica y conducta alimentaria en personas adultas mayores: una revisión sistemática/ Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on therapeutic adherence and eating behavior in elderly: a systematic review

Hasta 2014 existían 422 millones de adultos con Diabetes Mellitus en el mundo, el mayor número de casos de defunción por hiperglucemia se concentra en adultos mayores (AM) entre 60 y 69 años con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 (DMT2). Es por ello que el objetivo de la presente revisión fue identificar y analizar intervenciones cognitivo conductuales que modificaran parámetros psicológicos (conducta alimentaria y adherencia al medicamento), biológicos (Hemoglobina Glicosilada y colesterol) y nutriológicos (adherencia a la dieta y peso) en AM con DMT2. Se realizó una revisión sistemática mediante la estrategia de búsqueda PIO, en las bases de datos Pubmed, PsycINFO, Scopus, PsycArticles, SciELO, Dialnet y Redalyc. Se propusieron términos MeSH, palabras clave y criterios de inclusión y exclusión para la selección de los artículos. Se encontraron 4088 estudios, de los cuales, sólo 11 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Ningún estudio estuvo ajustado a la población envejecida que padece DMT2; dos estudios mejoraron la adherencia a la dieta, cuatro disminuyeron los niveles de Hemoglobina Glicosilada y uno disminuyó el colesterol HDL. Todos los estudios contaban con participantes con características heterogéneas de salud, además, pretendían que todos alcanzaran los mismos objetivos terapéuticos, lo que limitaba la efectividad del tratamiento. Los resultados indican ausencia de intervenciones ajustadas a la población adulta mayor que padece DMT2, además, los estudios no suelen considerar variables como: años de padecer la enfermedad, conducta alimentaria (patrón alimentario), funcionalidad, historial médico, comorbilidades, escolaridad, apoyo social y nivel socioeconómico