Bilateral scleritis and sclerokeratitis associated with IgA nephropathy

Purpose The purpose of this study is to report a case of bilateral nodular scleritis in a patient with final diagnosis of IgA nephropathy. Methods This is an observational case report. Results A male patient, 42 years old, presented with a bilateral nodular scleritis and OD sclerokeratitis. He had a previous history of acute otitis media and developed posterior renal failure and arterial hypertension. Clinical and systemic findings suggest Wegener's granulomatosis. A kidney biopsy was performed, and immunoflourescence findings demonstrated granular deposits of IgA in a mesangial pattern confirming the diagnosis of IgA nephropathy Conclusions IgA nephropathy should be a differential diagnosis in patients with scleritis and nephropath

Conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence as a biomarker of outdoor exposure in myopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Outdoor exposure is considered the primary modifiable risk factor in preventing the development of myopia. This effect is thought to be attributed to the light-induced synthesis and release of dopamine in the retina. However, until recent years, there was no objective quantifiable method available to measure the association between time spent outdoors and myopia. It is only recently that the conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) area, serving as a biomarker for sun exposure, has begun to be utilized in numerous studies. To provide a comprehensive summary of the relevant evidence pertaining to the association between the CUVAF area and myopia across different geographic regions and age groups, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. The search encompassed multiple databases, including MEDLINE, SCIENCE DIRECT, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, WEB OF SCIENCE, and SCOPUS, and utilized specific search terms such as conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence, CUVAF, UVAF, objective marker of ocular sun exposure, myopia, degenerative myopia, and high myopia. The bibliographic research included papers published between the years 2006 and 2022. A total of 4051 records were initially identified, and after duplicates were removed, 49 articles underwent full-text review. Nine articles were included in the systematic review. These studies covered myopia and outdoor exposure across different regions (Australia, Europe and India) with a total population of 3615 individuals. They found that myopes generally had smaller CUVAF areas compared to non-myopes. The meta-analysis confirmed this, revealing statistically smaller CUVAF areas in myopic patients, with a mean difference of - 3.30 mm2 (95% CI - 5.53; - 1.06). Additionally, some studies showed a positive correlation between more outdoor exposure and larger CUVAF areas. In terms of outdoor exposure time, myopic patients reported less time outdoors than non-myopic individuals, with a mean difference of - 3.38 h/week (95% CI - 4.66; - 2.09). Overall, these findings highlight the connection between outdoor exposure, CUVAF area and myopia, with regional variations playing a significant role. The results of this meta-analysis validate CUVAF as a quantitative method to objectively measure outdoor exposure in relation with myopia development

Retinal toxicity induced by antimalarial drugs: literature review and case report

Los antipalúdicos son fármacos ampliamente utilizados en varios países para el control de enfermedades reumatológicas como el lupus eritematoso sistémico y la artritis reumatoide. En México continúan siendo muy aceptados por su bajo costo y pocos efectos adversos, la mayoría de ellos no graves y reversibles. Sin embargo, a nivel oftalmológico se produce acúmulo de los metabolitos de estos medicamentos que provoca un daño visual que puede llegar a ser irreversible. Por esta razón es importante una evaluación oftalmológica y un seguimiento adecuado de estos pacientes. A través de un caso clínico ejemplificamos los hallazgos oftalmológicos característicos así como los factores de riesgo de la toxicidad retiniana y finalmente se discuten los lineamientos actuales para el diagnóstico y seguimiento en pacientes que utilizan estos medicamentos

Meibografía. Nueva tecnología para la evaluación de las glándulas de Meibomio

La meibografía es una tecnología que nos permite evaluar la morfología de las glándulas de Meibomio in vivo de una forma no invasiva y con pocas o nulas molestias. Nuevas tecnologías en el mercado nos permiten realizarla sin necesidad de tocar al paciente y con la ayuda de programas computacionales es posible evaluar de forma objetiva y cuantitativa la pérdida de las mismas. Otras tecnologías de imagenología como la microscopia confocal pueden además analizar el tejido celular adyacente a las glándulas de Meibomio para monitorizar la respuesta al tratamiento instituido. La presente revisión analiza la meibografía desde sus inicios y los avances más recientes en esta área

Spectrum of variants associated with inherited retinal dystrophies in Northeast Mexico

Abstract Background Inherited retinal dystrophies are hereditary diseases which have in common the progressive degeneration of photoreceptors. They are a group of diseases with clinical, genetic, and allelic heterogeneity. There is limited information regarding the genetic landscape of inherited retinal diseases in Mexico, therefore, the present study was conducted in the northeast region of the country. Methods Patients with inherited retinal dystrophies were included. A complete history, full ophthalmological and medical genetics evaluations, and genetic analysis through a targeted NGS panel for inherited retinal dystrophies comprising at least 293 genes were undertaken. Results A total of 126 patients were included. Cases were solved in 74.6% of the study’s population. Retinitis pigmentosa accounted for the most found inherited retinal disease. Ninety-nine causal variants were found, being USH2A and ABCA4 the most affected genes (26 and 15 cases, respectively). Conclusions The present study documents the most prevalent causative genes in IRDs, as USH2A, in northeastern Mexico. This contrasts with previous reports of IRDs in other zones of the country. Further studies, targeting previously unstudied populations in Mexico are important to document the genetic background of inherited retinal dystrophies in the country

Survey on the use of premix insulin analogues in diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 in Mexico [Encuesta sobre el uso de premezclas de an�logos de insulinas en pacientes con diabetes en M�xico]

Background: There are several publications related to the use of premixed insulin analogs in Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus, however, there was no information about its use in the Mexican clinical practice. Materials and methods: A survey was conducted to 48 physicians experts in Diabetes Mellitus. They were endocrinologists (62%), Internists (32) and diabetologists (6%). Results: Twenty-four percent of the specialists pointed out that more than half of the patients who consult by the first time do not respond to treatment with oral hypoglycemic medication. A high number of patients treated with insulin reach glycemic control goals. Most of the experts treat more than half of their patients with insulin. Sixty-six percent of the experts use premixed insulin analogs in their patients with type 1 Diabetes, and a high percentage use them in type 2 Diabetes. Most of the expert physicians recommend the use of premixed insulin analogs as the first line treatment in their patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes. Conclusions: Premixed insulin analogs are widely accepted by patients because they offer a complete coverage of their metabolic requirements, reducing the number of daily injections. In type 1 Diabetes, premixed insulin analogs will be used to improve metabolic control and to strengthen compliance. This document describes the use of premixed insulin analogs in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus in Mexico