The Plasma Capacitor in a Magnetic Field

Impedance computations for parallel plate and coaxial cylinder plasma capacitors in magnetic fiel

On the interpretation of ionospheric resonances stimulated by Alouette I

Interpretation of ionospheric resonances stimulated by Alouette I - electrostatic plasma wave theory, observation of group delay, and application to ionospher

A Notch/STAT3-driven Blimp-1/c-Maf-dependent molecular switch induces IL-10 expression in human CD4(+) T cells and is defective in Crohn's disease patients

Immunosuppressive Interleukin (IL)-10 production by pro-inflammatory CD4(+) T cells is a central self-regulatory function to limit aberrant inflammation. Still, the molecular mediators controlling IL-10 expression in human CD4(+) T cells are largely undefined. Here, we identify a Notch/STAT3 signaling-module as a universal molecular switch to induce IL-10 expression across human naïve and major effector CD4(+) T cell subsets. IL-10 induction was transient, jointly controlled by the transcription factors Blimp-1/c-Maf and accompanied by upregulation of several co-inhibitory receptors, including LAG-3, CD49b, PD-1, TIM-3 and TIGIT. Consistent with a protective role of IL-10 in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), effector CD4(+) T cells from Crohn's disease patients were defective in Notch/STAT3-induced IL-10 production and skewed towards an inflammatory Th1/17 cell phenotype. Collectively, our data identify a Notch/STAT3-Blimp-1/c-Maf axis as a common anti-inflammatory pathway in human CD4(+) T cells, which is defective in IBD and thus may represent an attractive therapeutic target

STRUCTURE SPATIO-TEMPORELLE D'UNE TURBULENCE FAISCEAU-PLASMA ET DIFFUSION DES PARTICULES

Les conditions particulières d'analyse et de développement d'une turbulence dans un plasma sans collision sont examinées. La turbulence créée par le passage d'un faisceau d'ions de vitesse proche de celle des ondes acoustique-ionique est étudiée expérimentalement. Les observations portent sur les fonctions de corrélation du potentiel fluctuant, en espace et en temps d'une part, et sur la distribution de probabilité des vitesses d'autre part. Chacune de ces mesures montre que la turbulence produit un pseudo-chauffage important des particules de vitesse voisine de celle des ondes acoustiques ioniques.The peculiarities of turbulence in a collisionless plasma are briefly examined. The turbulence excited by an ion beam of velocity close to the ion acoustic speed, is experimentally observed. Observations are made of the fluctuating potential space and time correlation functions, and of the velocity probability distribution. Each of these measurements shows a strong pseudo-heating for particles moving with a velocity close to the ion acoustic waves speed, due to the turbulence