Complete Scheme for Fullerene, Graphene, and Soot Formation in Flame

Soot formation processes have been studied for more than 100 years, they include empirical and phenomenological description of conversion of various fuels to soot particles. This article provides an overview of current state of soot formation foundations, including the chemistry of soot nucleation, nucleation, mass growth as well as size of soot particles. Consideration of this issue shows that a great progress has been made, but there is still a lot of ambiguity in many areas of our knowledge. This concerns the role of aromatic molecules and radicals in nucleation and subsequent growth mass in laminar pre-mixed flames. Along with environmental problems, in recent time there are considered soot particles as an environment for nanomaterial synthesis, such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphenes. In this regard, a complete scheme of nanomaterials formation in mode of soot formation has been developed

Overcarbonised Adsorptive – Catalytic Systems

With the use of the electron microscopy and X-ray analysis the regularities of carbon sediments formationat methane and propane pyrolysis on zeolites, Kazakhstan natural clays, chrome and bauxite sludges, which contain metal oxides of iron subgroup, have been studied. The kinetic parameters of carbon forma-tion at methane decomposition on the surface of zeolite – CoO mixture were investigated by method of thermogravimetric analysis. The morphology and structure of forming carbon fibrils, with the metal par-ticles fixed at their ends, have been investigated, and the formation of carbon fibrils branched pattern, socalled octopus, has been discovered. Greek walnut shells and grape seeds carbonization, their immobiliza-tion by the cells of selective absorption of heavy metal and sulfur dioxide ions have been also studied. Theexamples of metal-carbon composites using as adsorbents for wastewater purification, C3- C4 hydrocarboncracking catalysts and refractory materials with improved properties have been considered

Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite/Si Coating by Mechanical Alloying Technique

A novel approach for depositing hydroxyapatite (HA) films on titanium substrates by using mechanical alloying (MA) technique has been developed. However, it was shown that one-hour heat treatment at 800°C of such mechanically coated HA layer leads to partial transformation of desired HA phase to beta-tri-calcium phosphate (β-TCP) phase. It appears that the grain boundary and interface defects formed during MA promote this transformation. It was discovered that doping HA by silicon results in hindering this phase transformation process. The Si-doped HA does not show phase transition to β-TCP or decomposition after heat treatment even at 900°C

North-south asymmetry of geomagnetic and tropospheric events

The influences of the solar plasma on geomagnetic and atmospheric phenomena are considered. There are the north-south asymmetry in the reaction of the geomagnetic field, of the geopotential and of the pressure in the magnetically conjugate points relative to the direction of the interplanetary magnetic field. There are the synchronism between direction of the meridinal component of wind at the level of the tropopause and the direction of the interplanetary magnetic field. © 1974

Jogo ciberrealidade como um implemento de impacto de conflito sobre a segurança nacional da Federação Russa

The research objective is the identification of the negative image of the Russian state in computer games of the western developers. The characteristics and tendencies are given in the development of virtual game space from the first person (shooters) where the image of the enemy of the Russian origin is created. Virtual game communications are considered as a special form of social interaction on the Internet where technologies of political convictions and increase in level of hostility of rather specially chosen object are approved.The research has cross-disciplinary character. When studying virtual game network space authors used structurally functional and sociocultural approach.Computer games can serve as platform for the information wars, first of all, directed against the Russian youth.Destructive communicative strategy is used in the computer games devoted to World War II where the role and value of participation of the Soviet Union in a victory over fascist Germany is leveled. It is reached in fictional images of Russia in virtual reality which do not relies on objective reality of historical process and carries a negative connotation.Computer games are time the tool which can put motives of political and ideological hatred, xenophobia or hostility concerning any social group or the country.El objetivo de la investigación es la identificación de la imagen negativa del estado ruso en los juegos de computadora de los desarrolladores occidentales. Se dan las características y tendencias en el desarrollo del espacio de juego virtual de la primera persona (tiradores) donde se crea la imagen del enemigo del origen ruso. Las comunicaciones de juegos virtuales se consideran como una forma especial de interacción social en Internet donde se aprueban las tecnologías de convicciones políticas y el aumento en el nivel de hostilidad, especialmente, del objeto elegido. La investigación tiene carácter interdisciplinario. Al estudiar el espacio virtual de red de juegos, los autores utilizaron un enfoque estructuralmente funcional y sociocultural. Los juegos de computadora pueden servir como plataforma para las guerras de información, en primer lugar, dirigidas contra la juventud rusa. La estrategia destructiva de comunicación se usa en los juegos de computadora dedicados a la Segunda Guerra Mundial donde se nivela el papel y el valor de la participación de la Unión Soviética en una victoria sobre la Alemania fascista. Se alcanza en imágenes ficticias de Rusia en la realidad virtual que no se basa en la realidad objetiva del proceso histórico y conlleva una connotación negativa. Los juegos de computadora son la herramienta del tiempo que puede poner motivos de odio político e ideológico, xenofobia u hostilidad con respecto a cualquier grupo social o país. Objetivo de pesquisa é a identificação em jogos de computador dos desenvolvedores ocidentais de projetar a imagem negativa do estado russo. A característica é dada a características e tendências de desenvolvimento do espaço de jogo virtual da primeira pessoa (atiradores) onde a imagem do inimigo da origem russa é criada. As comunicações de jogos virtuais são consideradas como uma forma especial de interação social na Internet, onde tecnologias de convicções políticas e aumento no nível de hostilidade de objetos especialmente escolhidos são aprovadas.A pesquisa tem caráter interdisciplinar. Ao estudar o espaço da rede de jogos virtuais, os autores usaram uma abordagem estruturalmente funcional e sociocultural.Os jogos de computador podem servir de plataforma para as guerras informativas, antes de tudo dirigidas contra os jovens russos.A estratégia comunicativa destrutiva é usada nos jogos de computador dedicados à Segunda Guerra Mundial, onde o papel e o valor da participação da União Soviética na vitória sobre a Alemanha fascista são nivelados. Ele é alcançado em imagens fictícias da Rússia em realidade virtual que não se baseia na realidade objetiva do processo histórico e carrega uma conotação negativa.Os jogos de computador são o momento da ferramenta que pode colocar motivos de ódio político, ideológico, xenofobia ou hostilidade em relação a qualquer grupo social ou ao país

Conflicts of identities in the South caucasus and problems of integration of the states of the region into European structures

This article studies the problem of conflicts of identities in the South Caucasus and its influence on the process of integration of the states of the region into European structures. The main factors of formation and development of conflicts of identities in the region are analyzed. The authors pay special attention to the issues and contradictions of the process of integration of the states of South Caucasus into European structures (EU, NATO), which are mainly caused by the conflicts of identities existing in the region. The conclusion of the article is that the settlement of the conflicts of identities in the South Caucasus region greatly depends on formation of a national idea based on pragmatic approach of the state to national development, which assumes taking into account and supporting cultural, ideological and political versatility. © IDOSI Publications, 2013

Preschool education in Russia: history of the formation of the profession

В статье речь идет о становлении профессиональной группы педагогов-дошкольников. Показана негативная динамика социального статуса данной профессии от относительно высокого и стабильного социального положения в советский период до размытого и неопределенного в современной ситуации. Показана ключевая роль государства в формировании этой профессии.The paper centers on the formation of the occupational group of preschool educators. The negative tendency of the lowering of the social standing of this occupational group is shown, starting from a relatively high and stable social standing in the Soviet period to a contemporary inconsistent and indefinite social standing. A key role of the state is in the focus.Грант РГНФ N 12-03-00490 "Актуальная динамика социального и профессионального статуса педагогических работников дошкольного образования

Preschool education in the reforms

This project contributes to a novel historical and contemporary understanding of the professionalisation of Russian preschool educators in the context of their relationship with the state and consumers of their services. The data comes from a quantitative survey (N — 779 respondents) in Moscow, Samara and Syktyvkar. The state proclaims the politics of professionalisation from above of the researched occupational group. However, these state reforms have not been efficient so far. The professional community is discontented with the decreased autonomy and discretion.Исследование направлено на изучение социального и профессионального статуса педагогических работников дошкольного образования в контексте их взаимоотношений с государством и потребителями образовательных услуг. Количественные данные собраны в ходе опроса (779 анкета) в Москве, Самаре и Сыктывкаре. Результаты свидетельствуют, что текущая реформа дошкольного образования ориентирована на повышение профессионализма воспитателей, но пока не принесла ожидаемых результатов. Само профессиональное сообщество осталось недовольным сокращением самостоятельности в их непосредственной работе