Nanoemulsão fotoprotetora e processo de produção de nanoemulsão fotoprotetora

DepositadaA invenção se refere a uma nanoemulsão óleo em água fotoprotetora e antioxidante que compreende entre 10 e 25% (m/m) de compostos fotoprotetores, ao menos um antioxidante, quitosana e tensoativos não-iônicos; e ainda a invenção trata do processo de produção destas nanoemulsões

Surface modeling as a tool for constructing pseudo ternary diagrams

Microemulsions have been developed and evaluated for application in various fields. For their development, ternary phase diagrams are initially constructed, obtained by investigating mixtures of the aqueous and oil phases and a surfactant, to determine the regions composed of liquid microemulsions. However, the construction of these diagrams requires many steps, so simplification of this method can be useful for the formulation and application of these microemulsified systems. Therefore, this article proposes a method to obtain these diagrams employing mathematical modeling, by testing systems composed of kerosene (as oil phase), a nonionic surfactant based on ethoxylated nonylphenol (NP80), and salt water. The study aimed to ascertain which models (linear, quadratic or special cubic) were able to describe the empirical observations, i.e., the ternary phase diagram containing 99 points. The results obtained showed that a quadratic model with a smaller sample (31 points) was able to represent these systems with 61% variability of the observed data and a confidence level higher than 99.9%. The smaller sample (31 points) was defined by means extrapolation lines, as described in the standard ISO11358, permitting identifying the liquid microemulsion regions of the system composed of kerosene, NP80 and salt water. This result is very promising since it permits determining the conditions of interest with significantly less experimental work, and commensurate reduction of the final cost of the experiments

Nanoemulsão óleo em água e seu processo de produção

DepositadaA presente invenção descreve uma nanoemulsão óleo em água consistida de entre 5 a 40% massa/massa (m/m) de ao menos um tensoativo, entre 1 a 50% m/m de ao menos um óleo; e, opcionalmente, aproximadamente 30% um ou mais solventes; seu processo de produção e ainda, seu uso na veiculação de compostos hidrofóbicos, podendo ser fármaco, cosmético, vitamina ou um composto alimentar

Polymer viscosifier systems with potential application for enhanced oil recovery: a review

Due to the growing demand for oil and the large number of mature oil fields, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques are increasingly used to increase the oil recovery factor. Among the chemical methods, the use of polymers stands out to increase the viscosity of the injection fluid and harmonize the advance of this fluid in the reservoir to provide greater sweep efficiency. Synthetic polymers based on acrylamide are widely used for EOR, with Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (PHPA) being used the most. However, this polymer has low stability under harsh reservoir conditions (High Temperature and Salinity – HTHS). In order to improve the sweep efficiency of polymeric fluids under these conditions, Hydrophobically Modified Associative Polymers (HMAPs) and Thermo-Viscosifying Polymers (TVPs) are being developed. HMAPs contain small amounts of hydrophobic groups in their water-soluble polymeric chains, and above the Critical Association Concentration (CAC), form hydrophobic microdomains that increase the viscosity of the polymer solution. TVPs contain blocks or thermosensitive grafts that self-assemble and form microdomains, substantially increasing the solution’s viscosity. The performance of these systems is strongly influenced by the chemical group inserted in their structures, polymer concentration, salinity and temperature, among other factors. Furthermore, the application of nanoparticles is being investigated to improve the performance of injection polymers applied in EOR. In general, these systems have excellent thermal stability and salinity tolerance along with high viscosity, and therefore increase the oil recovery factor. Thus, these systems can be considered promising agents for enhanced oil recovery applications under harsh conditions, such as high salinity and temperature. Moreover, stands out the use of genetic programming and artificial intelligence to estimate important parameters for reservoir engineering, process improvement, and optimize polymer flooding in enhanced oil recovery

A comprehensive review of

In fractured reservoirs, fluids injected Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) are channeled through the fracture zones and travel through highly permeable regions, failing to displace part of the oil, and decreasing oil recovery efficiency. To solve these problems, the conformance control technique is now widely used, as it allows the reservoir to be swept totally, similar to the ideal condition. In this context, polyacrylamide-based polymer gel systems can be used to block the high-permeability regions of the rock matrix, forming in situ hydrogels that block the rock pores, avoiding the channeling of the fluids, and increasing the oil production. These polyacrylamide-based hydrogels can be crosslinked by inorganic (metal ions) or organic substances, and various systems are used for conformance control. Due to the greater stability of the bond formed between the polymer and the organic crosslinker, these systems are now used in higher temperature reservoirs. In order to produce hydrogels with higher resistance to severe salinity and temperature conditions, nanoparticles are applied to form systems with good mechanical resistance, and high thermal stability. These have presented promising results for conformance control

Evaluation of the application of cashew gum as an excipient to produce tablets

Abstract Cashew gum is extracted from the exudate of the giant cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.). The objective of this work was to study the extraction and purification of cashew gum through experiments to characterize its structures and physicochemical and thermal properties, and to evaluate its use as a pharmaceutical excipient. The characterization of the materials was performed by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and rheological studies of powder. Analysis of the material showed that it has reasonable flow characteristics and compressibility, allowing the use as diluent of tablets. Tablets were produced with a cashew gum isolated and purified by the direct compression method, and it was shown that the tablets produced with the purified cashew gum obtained better mechanical properties (hardness and friability) and less disintegration time than tablets made with gum of cashew isolated, suggesting the use of purified cashew gum as a diluent for this type of pharmaceutical form

Desenvolvimento de surfatantes para aplicação na indústria de explosivos

A comercialização dos explosivos emulsionáveis, aí incluída a dinamite de ANFO, acarretou um aumento significativo no consumo mundial de explosivos entre 1960 e 1980, conseqüência da maior segurança no transporte e no preparo dos explosivos na forma de uma emulsão. Os surfatantes utilizados nestas emulsões são ésteres, amidas ou imidas derivadas do poliisobutileno com terminações de anidrido succínico (PIBSA). Neste trabalho, surfatantes derivados da reação do PIBSA com polioxietilenodiaminas foram sintetizados e caracterizados pelas técnicas de espectrometria no infravermelho e de cromatografia de exclusão de tamanho. Os surfatantes sintetizados foram avaliados quanto ao efeito das suas estruturas na redução da tensão interfacial do sistema água em óleo e todos foram capazes de reduzir a tensão interfacial deste sistema

Chitosan microspheres applied for removal of oil from produced water in the oil industry

The discharge of oily wastewaters in the environment is steadily increasing, causing serious damages. Among various treatment methods, adsorption is generally considered the most appropriate, since it can remove both organic and inorganic pollutants. Adsorption using low-cost alternative biopolymers for removal of contaminants from wastewater has been widely investigated. In this context, chitosan has been drawing particular attention because, among its many applications, it can be used in the treatment of aqueous effluents. In this study, microspheres were prepared by reticulation of chitosan with sodium triphosphate (STP) and studied for the treatment of water containing crude oil. The microspheres were regular and had surface pores. These microspheres were packed in treatment columns and their ability to remove oil was measured with a fluorometer, by the difference in the oil concentration before and after passing through the column. The microspheres that presented porosity about 80 % were highly efficient in oil removal, with rates above 90%

Desenvolvimento e validação de método analítico para a determinação de sulfassalazina em suspensão oral: comparação do método espectrofotométrico e de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE)

Sulfasalazine is a prodrug used in the treatment of the Chron's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Two analytical methods for analysis of sulfasalazine in oral suspension were validated using Spectrophotometric and HPLC. There is not any pharmacopoeic method to assay sulfasalazine in oral suspension. The methods are insurance and fast execution for the quality control. Both, suspension and tablets 500 mg (Azulfin®) had been analyzed by methods using UV/VIS and HPLC and the results were satisfactory

Long-term safety and efficacy of benralizumab in patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma: 1-year results from the BORA phase 3 extension trial

International audienc