81 research outputs found

    Influence des caractéristiques morphologiques et mutationnelles des carcinomes pulmonaires sur leur environnement immunitaire et leur pronostic

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    Il est maintenant bien Ă©tabli que le systĂšme immunitaire joue un rĂŽle majeur dans le contrĂŽle des tumeurs, y compris dans les carcinomes pulmonaires. Cependant, les interactions entre les cellules tumorales et les cellules immunitaires du microenvironnement tumoral sont mal connues. Dans ce travail, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© les caractĂ©ristiques morphologiques et molĂ©culaires des cellules tumorales provenant d adĂ©nocarcinomes pulmonaires et leur association avec la composition du microenvironnement immunitaire. Nous avons rapportĂ© la valeur pronostique des paramĂštres morphologiques de ces tumeurs, comme le grade histologique des adĂ©nocarcinomes, et leur association avec le statut molĂ©culaire EGFR et KRAS. Nous avons Ă©mis l hypothĂšse que la diversitĂ© morphologique et molĂ©culaire de ces tumeurs pouvait ĂȘtre associĂ©e Ă  une signature immunitaire intra-tumorale spĂ©cifique et que cela pourrait avoir un impact pronostique. Nous avons mis en Ă©vidence que la densitĂ© des cellules dendritiques matures, situĂ©es au sein de structures lymphoĂŻdes tertiaires, variait en fonction du statut molĂ©culaire EGFR et KRAS des tumeurs. De mĂȘme, l impact pronostique des cellules dendritiques matures et des lymphocytes CD8+ variait en fonction du statut molĂ©culaire des tumeurs. Nous avons Ă©galement retrouvĂ© la valeur pronostique de l environnement immunitaire, reprĂ©sentĂ© par la densitĂ© en cellules dendritiques matures et en lymphocytes CD8+, sur la survie Ă  long terme des carcinomes pulmonaires de stade III-N2 opĂ©rĂ©s aprĂšs chimiothĂ©rapie nĂ©oadjuvante. Enfin, nous avons dĂ©montrĂ© que la chimiothĂ©rapie n'est pas associĂ©e Ă  de profondes modifications de l infiltrat immunitaire, alors qu elle entraĂźne des modifications des cellules tumorales. L ensemble de ces rĂ©sultats suggĂšre que l infiltrat immunitaire est intimement liĂ© Ă  la cellule tumorale et que la composition du microenvironnement immunitaire varie avec les caractĂ©ristiques de la tumeur. Cette interaction entre les cellules tumorales et les cellules immunitaires contribue au pronostic de ces tumeurs. Ces donnĂ©es dĂ©montrent l intĂ©rĂȘt d utiliser des traitements combinant des drogues cytotoxiques, telle la chimiothĂ©rapie conventionnelle, Ă  des traitements immunomodulateurs permettant de favoriser une rĂ©ponse immunitaire anti-tumorale efficace.The major role of the immune system against tumor development is now clearly established, including lung carcinoma. Nevertheless, interaction between tumoral cells and immune environment is less well-defined. In that study, we have studied morphological and molecular tumoral cells characteristics from lung adenocarcinoma and their role in the composition of immune environment. We reported the prognostic value of morphological parameters, as histological grade of adenocarcinoma, and their association with molecular EGFR and KRAS status. We hypothesized that morphological and molecular diversity of these tumors could be associated with a specific intratumoral immune signature, and could have an impact in prognosis. We showed that mature dendritic cells density, located in tertiary lymphoid structures, differed according to EGFR and KRAS status. Morever, molecular status of tumors modified the pronostic value of mature dendritics cells and CD8+ T cells. We found a prognostic value of immune environment, represented by dendritic cells and T CD8+ cells, in operated stage III-N2 lung carcinomas treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy. At last, we demonstrated that chemotherapy is not associated with wide modifications in immune infiltrate, whereas it induced modifications in tumoral cells. All together, these data strongly argue for a close link between tumoral cells and immune environment, which seems to depend on tumoral cell characteristics. This interaction between tumoral cells and immune cells contribute to the prognosis of these tumors. These results show the evidence that combine cytotoxic treatment, like conventional chemotherapy, with immunomodulators, favour a protective anti-tumor immune response.PARIS5-Bibliotheque electronique (751069902) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Assessment of the current and emerging criteria for the histopathological classification of lung neuroendocrine tumours in the lungNENomics project

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    Background: Six thoracic pathologists reviewed 259 lung neuroendocrine tumours (LNETs) from the lungNENomics project, with 171 of them having associated survival data. This cohort presents a unique opportunity to assess the strengths and limitations of current World Health Organization (WHO) classification criteria and to evaluate the utility of emerging markers. Patients and methods: Patients were diagnosed based on the 2021 WHO criteria, with atypical carcinoids (ACs) defined by the presence of focal necrosis and/or 2-10 mitoses per 2 mm2. We investigated two markers of tumour proliferation: the Ki-67 index and phospho-histone H3 (PHH3) protein expression, quantified by pathologists and automatically via deep learning. Additionally, an unsupervised deep learning algorithm was trained to uncover previously unnoticed morphological features with diagnostic value. Results: The accuracy in distinguishing typical from ACs is hampered by interobserver variability in mitotic counting and the limitations of morphological criteria in identifying aggressive cases. Our study reveals that different Ki-67 cut-offs can categorise LNETs similarly to current WHO criteria. Counting mitoses in PHH3+ areas does not improve diagnosis, while providing a similar prognostic value to the current criteria. With the advantage of being time efficient, automated assessment of these markers leads to similar conclusions. Lastly, state-of-the-art deep learning modelling does not uncover undisclosed morphological features with diagnostic value. Conclusions: This study suggests that the mitotic criteria can be complemented by manual or automated assessment of Ki-67 or PHH3 protein expression, but these markers do not significantly improve the prognostic value of the current classification, as the AC group remains highly unspecific for aggressive cases. Therefore, we may have exhausted the potential of morphological features in classifying and prognosticating LNETs. Our study suggests that it might be time to shift the research focus towards investigating molecular markers that could contribute to a more clinically relevant morpho-molecular classification.</p

    Influence des caractéristiques morphologiques et mutationnelles des carcinomes pulmonaires sur leur environnement immunitaire et leur pronostic

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    The major role of the immune system against tumor development is now clearly established, including lung carcinoma. Nevertheless, interaction between tumoral cells and immune environment is less well-defined. In that study, we have studied morphological and molecular tumoral cells characteristics from lung adenocarcinoma and their role in the composition of immune environment. We reported the prognostic value of morphological parameters, as histological grade of adenocarcinoma, and their association with molecular EGFR and KRAS status. We hypothesized that morphological and molecular diversity of these tumors could be associated with a specific intratumoral immune signature, and could have an impact in prognosis. We showed that mature dendritic cells density, located in tertiary lymphoid structures, differed according to EGFR and KRAS status. Morever, molecular status of tumors modified the pronostic value of mature dendritics cells and CD8+ T cells. We found a prognostic value of immune environment, represented by dendritic cells and T CD8+ cells, in operated stage III-N2 lung carcinomas treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy. At last, we demonstrated that chemotherapy is not associated with wide modifications in immune infiltrate, whereas it induced modifications in tumoral cells. All together, these data strongly argue for a close link between tumoral cells and immune environment, which seems to depend on tumoral cell characteristics. This interaction between tumoral cells and immune cells contribute to the prognosis of these tumors. These results show the evidence that combine cytotoxic treatment, like conventional chemotherapy, with immunomodulators, favour a protective anti-tumor immune response.Il est maintenant bien Ă©tabli que le systĂšme immunitaire joue un rĂŽle majeur dans le contrĂŽle des tumeurs, y compris dans les carcinomes pulmonaires. Cependant, les interactions entre les cellules tumorales et les cellules immunitaires du microenvironnement tumoral sont mal connues. Dans ce travail, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© les caractĂ©ristiques morphologiques et molĂ©culaires des cellules tumorales provenant d’adĂ©nocarcinomes pulmonaires et leur association avec la composition du microenvironnement immunitaire. Nous avons rapportĂ© la valeur pronostique des paramĂštres morphologiques de ces tumeurs, comme le grade histologique des adĂ©nocarcinomes, et leur association avec le statut molĂ©culaire EGFR et KRAS. Nous avons Ă©mis l’hypothĂšse que la diversitĂ© morphologique et molĂ©culaire de ces tumeurs pouvait ĂȘtre associĂ©e Ă  une signature immunitaire intra-tumorale spĂ©cifique et que cela pourrait avoir un impact pronostique. Nous avons mis en Ă©vidence que la densitĂ© des cellules dendritiques matures, situĂ©es au sein de structures lymphoĂŻdes tertiaires, variait en fonction du statut molĂ©culaire EGFR et KRAS des tumeurs. De mĂȘme, l’impact pronostique des cellules dendritiques matures et des lymphocytes CD8+ variait en fonction du statut molĂ©culaire des tumeurs. Nous avons Ă©galement retrouvĂ© la valeur pronostique de l’environnement immunitaire, reprĂ©sentĂ© par la densitĂ© en cellules dendritiques matures et en lymphocytes CD8+, sur la survie Ă  long terme des carcinomes pulmonaires de stade III-N2 opĂ©rĂ©s aprĂšs chimiothĂ©rapie nĂ©oadjuvante. Enfin, nous avons dĂ©montrĂ© que la chimiothĂ©rapie n'est pas associĂ©e Ă  de profondes modifications de l’infiltrat immunitaire, alors qu’elle entraĂźne des modifications des cellules tumorales. L’ensemble de ces rĂ©sultats suggĂšre que l’infiltrat immunitaire est intimement liĂ© Ă  la cellule tumorale et que la composition du microenvironnement immunitaire varie avec les caractĂ©ristiques de la tumeur. Cette interaction entre les cellules tumorales et les cellules immunitaires contribue au pronostic de ces tumeurs. Ces donnĂ©es dĂ©montrent l’intĂ©rĂȘt d’utiliser des traitements combinant des drogues cytotoxiques, telle la chimiothĂ©rapie conventionnelle, Ă  des traitements immunomodulateurs permettant de favoriser une rĂ©ponse immunitaire anti-tumorale efficace

    Impact of mutational and morphological characteristics of non small cell lung carcinoma on immune environment and prognosis

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    Il est maintenant bien Ă©tabli que le systĂšme immunitaire joue un rĂŽle majeur dans le contrĂŽle des tumeurs, y compris dans les carcinomes pulmonaires. Cependant, les interactions entre les cellules tumorales et les cellules immunitaires du microenvironnement tumoral sont mal connues. Dans ce travail, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© les caractĂ©ristiques morphologiques et molĂ©culaires des cellules tumorales provenant d’adĂ©nocarcinomes pulmonaires et leur association avec la composition du microenvironnement immunitaire. Nous avons rapportĂ© la valeur pronostique des paramĂštres morphologiques de ces tumeurs, comme le grade histologique des adĂ©nocarcinomes, et leur association avec le statut molĂ©culaire EGFR et KRAS. Nous avons Ă©mis l’hypothĂšse que la diversitĂ© morphologique et molĂ©culaire de ces tumeurs pouvait ĂȘtre associĂ©e Ă  une signature immunitaire intra-tumorale spĂ©cifique et que cela pourrait avoir un impact pronostique. Nous avons mis en Ă©vidence que la densitĂ© des cellules dendritiques matures, situĂ©es au sein de structures lymphoĂŻdes tertiaires, variait en fonction du statut molĂ©culaire EGFR et KRAS des tumeurs. De mĂȘme, l’impact pronostique des cellules dendritiques matures et des lymphocytes CD8+ variait en fonction du statut molĂ©culaire des tumeurs. Nous avons Ă©galement retrouvĂ© la valeur pronostique de l’environnement immunitaire, reprĂ©sentĂ© par la densitĂ© en cellules dendritiques matures et en lymphocytes CD8+, sur la survie Ă  long terme des carcinomes pulmonaires de stade III-N2 opĂ©rĂ©s aprĂšs chimiothĂ©rapie nĂ©oadjuvante. Enfin, nous avons dĂ©montrĂ© que la chimiothĂ©rapie n'est pas associĂ©e Ă  de profondes modifications de l’infiltrat immunitaire, alors qu’elle entraĂźne des modifications des cellules tumorales. L’ensemble de ces rĂ©sultats suggĂšre que l’infiltrat immunitaire est intimement liĂ© Ă  la cellule tumorale et que la composition du microenvironnement immunitaire varie avec les caractĂ©ristiques de la tumeur. Cette interaction entre les cellules tumorales et les cellules immunitaires contribue au pronostic de ces tumeurs. Ces donnĂ©es dĂ©montrent l’intĂ©rĂȘt d’utiliser des traitements combinant des drogues cytotoxiques, telle la chimiothĂ©rapie conventionnelle, Ă  des traitements immunomodulateurs permettant de favoriser une rĂ©ponse immunitaire anti-tumorale efficace.The major role of the immune system against tumor development is now clearly established, including lung carcinoma. Nevertheless, interaction between tumoral cells and immune environment is less well-defined. In that study, we have studied morphological and molecular tumoral cells characteristics from lung adenocarcinoma and their role in the composition of immune environment. We reported the prognostic value of morphological parameters, as histological grade of adenocarcinoma, and their association with molecular EGFR and KRAS status. We hypothesized that morphological and molecular diversity of these tumors could be associated with a specific intratumoral immune signature, and could have an impact in prognosis. We showed that mature dendritic cells density, located in tertiary lymphoid structures, differed according to EGFR and KRAS status. Morever, molecular status of tumors modified the pronostic value of mature dendritics cells and CD8+ T cells. We found a prognostic value of immune environment, represented by dendritic cells and T CD8+ cells, in operated stage III-N2 lung carcinomas treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy. At last, we demonstrated that chemotherapy is not associated with wide modifications in immune infiltrate, whereas it induced modifications in tumoral cells. All together, these data strongly argue for a close link between tumoral cells and immune environment, which seems to depend on tumoral cell characteristics. This interaction between tumoral cells and immune cells contribute to the prognosis of these tumors. These results show the evidence that combine cytotoxic treatment, like conventional chemotherapy, with immunomodulators, favour a protective anti-tumor immune response

    Détection de marqueurs prédictifs de l'évolution de la cirrhose vers le carcinome hépatocellulaire

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    LE KREMLIN-B.- PARIS 11-BU MĂ©d (940432101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Updated Prognostic Factors in Localized NSCLC

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    Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents 80% of lung cancer subtypes. Patients with localized non-small cell lung cancer may be considered for upfront surgical treatment. However, the overall 5-year survival rate is 59%. To improve survival, adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) was largely explored and showed an overall benefit of survival at 5 years &lt; 7%. The evaluation of recurrence risk and subsequent need for ACT is only based on tumor stage (TNM classification); however, more than 25% of patients with stage IA/B tumors will relapse. Recently, adjuvant targeted therapy has been approved for EGFR-mutated resected NSCLC and trials are evaluating other targeted therapies and immunotherapies in adjuvant settings. Costs, treatment duration, emergence of resistant clones and side effects stress the need for a better selection of patients. The identification and validation of prognostic and theranostic markers to better stratify patients who could benefit from adjuvant therapies are needed. In this review, we report current validated clinical, pathological and molecular prognosis biomarkers that influence outcome in resected NSCLC, and we also describe molecular biomarkers under evaluation that could be available in daily practice to drive ACT in resected NSCLC

    Les réarrangements moléculaires : cibles thérapeutiques en cancérologie thoracique

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    International audienceFive to ten percent of lung adenocarcinoma harbor chromosomal rearrangements affecting the ALK, ROS1, NTRK and RET genes. These rearrangements are associated with the production of fusion transcripts that lead to the synthesis of chimeric proteins with constitutive kinase activity. These abnormal proteins induce an oncogenic dependency that may be targeted by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In this review, we will summarize the clinical and molecular epidemiology of chromosomal rearrangements affecting ALK, ROS1, NTRK and RET genes. We will describe the mechanisms of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors that have been reported. We will present the molecular techniques that can be used to detect these rearrangements and the strategies set-up by the molecular oncology laboratories to diagnose these genetic alterations

    Les tumeurs thoraciques SMARCA4 déficientes : une nouvelle entité

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    International audienceA growing number of studies suggest a tumor suppressor role for the SWI/SNF complex involved in the remodeling of chromatin. Alterations of this complex have been found in many tumors of different origins, with topographic, morphologic and phenotypic diversity. Notably, they define 2 types of thoracic tumors: SMARCA4-deficient non-small cell lung carcinoma and SMARCA4-deficient sarcoma. Some clinical features appear to be common to both, such as intrathoracic localization, smoking exposure, male predominance and poor prognosis. However, the histological distinction between these two entities is sometimes difficult and it is not excluded that these entities belong to the same tumor spectrum with different degrees of differentiation. The therapy of these tumors is not yet codified. These tumors do not seem associated with oncogenic driver mutations allowing the prescription of targeted therapy, but immunotherapy has been shown to be effective in rare reported cases. More specific treatments using EZH2 inhibitors also seem promising in SMARCA4 deficient sarcomas
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