Trends in Scottish newborn screening programme for congenital hypothyroidism 1980-2014: strategies for reducing age at notification after initial and repeat sampling

Objectives: To determine ages at first capillary sampling and notification and age at notification after second sampling in Scottish newborns referred with elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Subjects and methods: Referrals between 1980 and 2014 inclusive were grouped into seven 5-year blocks and analysed according to agreed standards. Results: Of 2 116 132 newborn infants screened, 919 were referred with capillary TSH elevation ≥8 mU/L of whom 624 had definite (606) or probable (18) congenital hypothyroidism. Median age at first sampling fell from 7 to 5 days between 1980 and 2014 (standard 4–7 days), with 22, 8 and 3 infants sampled >7 days during 2000–2004, 2005–2009 and 2010–2014. Median age at notification was consistently ≤14 days, range falling during 2000–2004, 2005–2009 and 2010–2014 from 6 to 78, 7–52 and 7–32 days with 12 (14.6%), 6 (5.6%) and 5 (4.3%) infants notified >14 days. However 18/123 (14.6%) of infants undergoing second sampling from 2000 onwards breached the ≤26-day standard for notification. By 2010–2014, the 91 infants with confirmed congenital hypothyroidism had shown favourable median age at first sample (5 days) with start of treatment (10.5 days) approaching age at notification. Conclusion: Most standards for newborn thyroid screening are being met by the Scottish programme, but there is a need to reduce age range at notification, particularly following second sampling. Strategies to improve screening performance include carrying out initial capillary sampling as close to 96 hours as possible; introducing 6-day laboratory reporting and use of electronic transmission for communicating repeat requests

Job Demands and Job Resources Among Western Airline Cabin Crews: A Comparative Study of Canadian, German, and French Flight Attendants

Flight attendants are frontline workers in charge of onboard security, safety and customer service. They are required to perform a number of tasks requiring physical and psychological efforts associated with numerous health costs for this group of workers. In the aftermath of Covid-19, flight attendants employed at major airlines will likely be faced with increased job demands. However, little is known about how widespread job resources are among Western cabin crews. Based on recent findings in flight attendant job-demands literature along with the ability-motivation-opportunity (AMO) framework in strategic HRM, this paper questions airline leeway and choices in resource allocation to flight attendants in a cross-country comparison of perceived job demands, job resources, stress and burnout among Canadian, French and German cabin crew. Despite belonging to similar institutional contexts, German flight attendants scored consistently better than the French on most job demands and burnout, while presenting the most varied offer of organizational resources

Role of Rapid Antigen Test for Covid 19 in Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic

COVID-19 is a worldwide medical problem affecting majority of people with different age groups, where family medicine outpatient clinics is the first line in detecting and managing this medical issue, we tried to put our hands to explore the role of rapid antigent test  for covid 19 in family medicine outpatent clinic and its effectiveness

Essays on experimental economics: studying the political economy of the Egyptian transition

This thesis uses economics-style incentivised laboratory experiments to study the effects of the political transformation in Arab Spring Countries (frequent recalling of governments, political and social polarisation, and campaign dynamics of founding elections) on economic outcomes; such as tax compliance, support for painful economic reforms, corruption, and interpersonal trust. The main focus of this thesis is on Egypt, being the largest Arab country in terms of population, historically the most influential in the region, and with a dominant cultural influence felt all over the Arab world. I find the following experimental evidence: (i) Giving citizens the right to recall government officials decreases the level of corruption in government through the increased accountability it imposes on elected politicians. Specifically, corruption is reduced by 14% in the presence of this right (p=0.04). (ii) Empowering citizens with the right to recall government officials was also found to decrease tax compliance by 20% due to the high frequency of divisive elections associated with this newly acquired right in a newly democratised country and the creation of losers who become unsatisfied with the outcome of the election process and thus the psychological costs associated with their incompliance are minimized. (iii) Ideological polarisation in elections can impede economic reform. And that (iv) negative campaigning in elections can impact negatively on the level of interpersonal trust in the society

Role of Influenza Vaccine in Preventing Covid-19 Complications

current research has insinuated that prior immunization to pathogens like influenza and tuberculosis may bestow some armor against COVID-19. Conlon and his colleagues (2021) go further to state that an assessment of over 19000 COVID-19 patients in non-cohort research from Brazil got a 17% diminished odds of death, 8% reduced odds of demand for intensive care medicine, and 18% decreased odds of aggressive respiratory assistance in individuals who obtained an influenza inoculation. Sta?czak-Mrozek and his colleagues (2021) stated that even though their research did not permit them to assume the beneficial effects of influenza inoculation on the incidence and brutality of the COVID-19 virus. So in this article, we aim to explore the possible influence of influenza vaccine in order to prevent covid 19 complications

Advantages of and Barriers to Crafting New Technology in Healthcare Organizations: A Qualitative Study in the COVID-19 Context

Nursing professionals are constantly required to adapt to technological changes, and especially so in the wake of COVID-19, which has prompted the development of new digital tools. A new and specific form of job crafting in relation to new technology has recently emerged in the literature; that is, adoption job crafting. However, little is known about this specific form of job crafting, especially within the pandemic context. We aim, in this study, to explore the advantages of and barriers to adoption job crafting. We used NVivo software to analyze 42 semi-structured interviews conducted during COVID-19. Our findings revealed that nurses had proactive and positive attitudes toward new technology (adoption job crafting) to enhance efficiency, sustainability, well-being, virtual teamwork, communication, and knowledge sharing. We also identified many barriers to adoption job crafting due to several organizational obstacles, such as the lack of human resource management practices, especially training, and the characteristics of the technology used. We contribute to the literature by documenting innovative cases of and barriers to adoption job crafting, which have not been explored before. These findings stress the necessity to adopt human resources practices, especially training, to foster positive job crafting among nurses and safeguard their adaptive expertise

Antiferromagnetism and charged vortices in high-Tc superconductors

The effect of the long-range Coulomb interaction on charge accumulation in antiferromagnetic vortices in high-Tc superconductors is studied within a Bogoliubov-de Gennes mean-field model of competing antiferromagnetic and d-wave superconducting orders. Antiferromagnetism is found to be associated with an accumulation of charge in the vortex core, even in the presence of the long-range Coulomb interaction. The manifestation of Pi-triplet pairing in the presence of coexisting dSC and AFM order, and the intriguing appearance of one-dimensional stripe-like ordering are discussed. The local density of states (LDOS) in the vortex core is calculated and is found to be in excellent qualitative agreement with experimental data.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, 2 column RevTex4 PRB forma

Cardea: An Open Automated Machine Learning Framework for Electronic Health Records

An estimated 180 papers focusing on deep learning and EHR were published between 2010 and 2018. Despite the common workflow structure appearing in these publications, no trusted and verified software framework exists, forcing researchers to arduously repeat previous work. In this paper, we propose Cardea, an extensible open-source automated machine learning framework encapsulating common prediction problems in the health domain and allows users to build predictive models with their own data. This system relies on two components: Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) -- a standardized data structure for electronic health systems -- and several AUTOML frameworks for automated feature engineering, model selection, and tuning. We augment these components with an adaptive data assembler and comprehensive data- and model- auditing capabilities. We demonstrate our framework via 5 prediction tasks on MIMIC-III and Kaggle datasets, which highlight Cardea's human competitiveness, flexibility in problem definition, extensive feature generation capability, adaptable automatic data assembler, and its usability