RP-HPLC Analysis of 6-Gingerol and Assessment of Antioxidant Activities in EMS Treated Ginger

Present investigation deals with RP-HPLC analysis of 6- gingerol from rhizome of ginger treated with EMS at different concentrations. The concentration levels were 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25% for EMS 8 hour treatment and 0.30, 0.40, 0.50 and 0.60% for 4 hour treatment. The antioxidant activity of extracts were assessed by DPPH radical scavenging method and FRAP. Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu (F– C) method. The results showed that the 6- gingerol content increased with an increase in EMS dose initially (0.30%) and decreased at the higher dose (0.60%) in EMS 4 hrs treatments while there was no definite trend observed in EMS 8 hrs treatments. Antioxidant activity and the total phenolic content showed significant correlation with 6-gingerol content

Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Carboxylate: Synthesis and Characterization

The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under grant agreement no. 857287 and Baltic Research Programme Project No. EEA-RESEARCH-85 “Waste-to-resource: eggshells as a source for next generation biomaterials for bone regeneration (EGGSHELL)” under the EEA Grant of Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway No. EEZ/BPP/VIAA/2021/1. Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART. 2Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) is the first solid phase precipitated from a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution. Naturally, ACP is formed during the initial stages of biomineralization and stabilized by an organic compound. Carboxylic groups containing organic compounds are known to regulate the nucleation and crystallization of hydroxyapatite. Therefore, from a biomimetic point of view, the synthesis of carboxylate ions containing ACP (ACPC) is valuable. Usually, ACP is synthesized with fewer steps than ACPC. The precipitation reaction of ACP is rapid and influenced by pH, temperature, precursor concentration, stirring conditions, and reaction time. Due to phosphates triprotic nature, controlling pH in a multistep approach becomes tedious. Here, we developed a new ACP and ACPC synthesis approach and thoroughly characterized the obtained materials. Results from vibration spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), true density, specific surface area, and ion release studies have shown a difference in the physiochemical properties of the ACP and ACPC. Additionally, the effect of a carboxylic ion type on the physiochemical properties of ACPC was characterized. All of the ACPs and ACPCs were synthesized in sterile conditions, and in vitro analysis was performed using MC-3T3E1 cells, revealing the cytocompatibility of the synthesized ACPs and ACPCs, of which the ACPC synthesized with citrate showed the highest cell viability. © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society --//-- https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.3c00796. Published under the CC BY 4.0 licence.EEA Grant of Iceland EEZ/BPP/VIAA/2021/1; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme 857287, EEA-RESEARCH-85; institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART.

RP-HPLC analysis of phenolic antioxidant compound 6-gingerol from in vitro cultures of Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Relation between 6-gingerol content and antioxidant activity in in vitro grown cultures of ginger was studied. Reverse phase HPLC analysis revealed that rhizome derived callus culture and micropropagated plants produced lowest amount of 6-gingerol compare to conventionally grown plants. The antioxidant activity of extracts was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and Ferric Reducing power assay (FRAP) and correlated with the content of total phenolics and total flavonoids in the extracts. Strong correlation was found between antioxidant activity, total phenolics and 6- gingerol content

Mutational Changes In Delphinium malabaricum (Huth.) Munz.: A Potential Ornamental Plant

Mutation breeding is an established method used for crop improvement and has played a major role in the development of many new flower color/shape mutant cultivars in ornamentals. The present study is aimed at inducing mutations in Delphinium malabaricum using chemical mutagens ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS), sodium azide (SA) and physical mutagen (gamma rays). It was observed that D. malabaricum manifested specific reactions to the treatments with EMS, SA and gamma rays. Identification and selection of mutations were carried out in the second generation (M2). A variety of chlorophyll deficient mutants and high percentage of the flower color and morphological mutants were recorded. The maximum frequency of chlorophyll and flower color and morphological mutations were recorded in EMS treated plants when compared to the other two mutagens. The frequency values for the individual mutant types were varied and randomly distributed at different mutagenic treatments. The highest percentage of color mutants arose after treatments with 0.25% of EMS and the lowest at 20 kR of gamma rays. The mutants were quite distinct, as compared to the control and often had more attractive ornamental features compared to the starting material. The major commercial benefit of the application of this technology has so far been obtaining of novel flower mutants that can be used as an initial material for further breeding of new cultivars

Quantitative determination of three pentacyclic triterpenes from five <i>Swertia</i> L. species endemic to Western Ghats, India, using RP-HPLC analysis

<div><p>Aim of this study was to identify pentacyclic triterpenoids betulinic acid (BA), oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) from five <i>Swertia</i> species endemic to Western Ghats, which are used as substitutes as well as adulterants to <i>Swertia chirayita</i>. Our results indicate that the concentration of active compound vary largely among and within the species from different localities. OA was found in a higher amount in all species compared to BA and UA. From the results, it was clear that BA, OA and UA are present in the endemic species collected from Western Ghats, thus advocating the use of these species as alternate sources to <i>S. chirayita</i>. This in due course may release pressure of exploitation from natural resources of <i>S. chirayita</i> and help to bring it out from an endangered category from conservation point of view.</p></div

Highly efficient in vitro regeneration, establishment of callus and cell suspension cultures and RAPD analysis of regenerants of Swertia lawii Burkill

AbstractHighly efficient in vitro regeneration system has been developed for Swertia lawii Burkill, an important herb used as substitute for Swertia chirayita. Shoot tips explants were cultured on MS medium with various phytohormones for multiple shoot production. The best shoot production frequency (100%) and maximum shoots (10.4±0.8) were obtained on MS media containing TDZ (3.0mgl−1) in combination with IBA (0.3mgl−1). Maximum callus induction (95±4.8%) and callus growth (1.7±0.4gm) was achieved on MS medium with 2, 4-D (3.0mgl−1). Cell suspension cultures were established and studied for their growth kinetics. Shoots were rooted best (22.1±2.5) in 1/2 MS medium with IAA (3.0mgl−1). The genetic uniformity of the micropropagated clones was assessed using RAPD markers. Out of 405 bands, 400 (98.76%) were monomorphic and rest 5 (1.24%) were polymorphic. High multiplication frequency and low risk of genetic instability ensures the efficacy of this protocol

Phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity and HPLC profiles of <i>Swertia</i> species from Western Ghats

<div><p><i>Swertia chirayita</i> is one of the potential medicinal plants of the family Gentianaceae in traditional medicine. Due to its high demand and scarcity, trade of <i>chirayita</i> is affected by adulterants. <i>Swertia</i> species from Western Ghats were compared with <i>S. chirayita</i> for phytochemical characterisation and antioxidant activities by using different extracts. This study revealed that acetone is the best extraction solvent of phenolic and flavonoid compounds with antioxidant properties as compared with other extracts. <i>S. chirayita</i> showed better antioxidant activity than other species with highest content of phenolics and flavonoids. Among the species from Western Ghats, <i>Swertia minor</i> has better antioxidant properties with higher content of phenolics and flavonoids when compared with <i>S. chirayita.</i> Gallic acid was detected in all species under study by using HPLC analysis. The <i>Swertia</i> species under study showed similar phytochemical properties and antioxidant potential and hence their use as substitute to <i>S. chirayita</i> needs to be further investigated.</p></div