Investigation of ethanol production potential from lignocellulosic material without enzymatic hydrolysis using the ultrasound technique

This research investigates ethanol production from waste lignocellulosic material (sugarcane bagasse). The bagasse was first pretreated using chemicals and ultrasound techniques. These pretreatment techniques were applied separately and combined. The pretreated bagasse was then fermented anaerobically for biofuel production without enzymatic hydrolysis. The results showed higher ethanol production than those reported in the literature. The maximum ethanol production of 820 mg/L was achieved with a combination of ultrasound (60 amplitude level, 127 W) and acid (3% H2SO4 concentration). The combination of two-step pretreatment such as an ultrasound (50 amplitude level, 109 W) with acid (3% H2SO4 concentration) and then an ultrasound with alkaline (23% NaOH concentration) generated 911 mg/L of ethanol

A Compendium of Potential Biomarkers of Pancreatic Cancer

Akhilesh Pandey and colleagues describe a compendium of potential biomarkers that can be systematically validated by the pancreatic cancer community

Go-MoS2/Water Flow over a Shrinking Cylinder with Stefan Blowing, Joule Heating, and Thermal Radiation

The impacts of Stefan blowing along with slip and Joule heating on hybrid nanofluid (HNF) flow past a shrinking cylinder are investigated in the presence of thermal radiation. Using the suitable transformations, the governing equations are converted into ODEs, and the MATLAB tool bvp4c is used to solve the resulting equations. As Stefan blowing increases, temperature and concentration profiles are accelerated but the velocity profile diminishes and also the heat transfer rate improves up to 25% as thermal radiation upsurges. The mass transfer rate diminishes as increasing Stefan blowing. The Sherwood number, the Nusselt number, and the skin friction coefficient are numerically tabulated and graphs are also plotted. The outcomes are conscientiously and thoroughly discussed

Go-MoS₂/Water Flow over a Shrinking Cylinder with Stefan Blowing, Joule Heating, and Thermal Radiation

The impacts of Stefan blowing along with slip and Joule heating on hybrid nanofluid (HNF) flow past a shrinking cylinder are investigated in the presence of thermal radiation. Using the suitable transformations, the governing equations are converted into ODEs, and the MATLAB tool bvp4c is used to solve the resulting equations. As Stefan blowing increases, temperature and concentration profiles are accelerated but the velocity profile diminishes and also the heat transfer rate improves up to 25% as thermal radiation upsurges. The mass transfer rate diminishes as increasing Stefan blowing. The Sherwood number, the Nusselt number, and the skin friction coefficient are numerically tabulated and graphs are also plotted. The outcomes are conscientiously and thoroughly discussed

Impacts of Stefan Blowing on Hybrid Nanofluid Flow over a Stretching Cylinder with Thermal Radiation and Dufour and Soret Effect

The focal interest in this article is to investigate the Stefan blowing and Dufour and Soret effects on hybrid nanofluid (HNF) flow towards a stretching cylinder with thermal radiation. The governing equations are converted into ODE by using suitable transformations. The boundary value problem solver (bvp4c), which is a package in the MATLAB, is used to solve the resulting ODE equations. Results show that rise in the Stefan blowing enhances velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. Heat transfer rate increases by up to 10% in the presence of 4% nanoparticle/HNF but mass transfer rate diminishes. Additionally, skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are examined for many parameters entangled in this article. Additionally, results are deliberatively discussed in detail

Study of Formulation and Process Variables for Optimization of Piroxicam Nanosuspension Using 32 Factorial Design to Improve Solubility and In Vitro Bioavailability

Piroxicam is a Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class II drug having poor aqueous solubility and a short half-life. The rationale behind the present research was to develop a Piroxicam nanosuspension to enhance the solubility and thereby the in vitro bioavailability of the drug. Piroxicam nanosuspension (PRX NS) was prepared by an anti-solvent precipitation technique and optimized using a full-factorial design. Herein, the nanosuspension was prepared using polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30® and Poloxamer 188® as a stabilizer to improve the solubility and in vitro bioavailability of the drug. Nine formulations were prepared based on 32 full-factorial experimental designs to study the effect of the formulation variables such as concentration of poloxamer 188 (%) (X1) and stirring speed (rpm) (X2) as a process variable on the response of particle size (nm) and solubility (µg/mL). The prepared NS was characterized by phase solubility, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and percent drug release. DSC and XRPD analysis of freeze-dried NS formulation showed conversion of PRX into a less crystalline form. NS formulations showed a reduction in the size from 443 nm to 228 nm with −22.5 to −30.5 mV zeta potential and % drug entrapment of 89.76 ± 0.76. TEM analysis confirmed the size reduction at the nano level. The solubility was increased from 44 μg/mL to 87 μg/mL by altering the independent variables. The solubility of PRX NS in water was augmented by 14- to 15-fold (87.28 μg/mL) than pure PRX (6.6 μg/mL). The optimized formulation (NS9) at drug-to-stabilizer concentration exhibited a greater drug release of approximately 96.07% after 120 min as compared to the other NS formulations and pure PRX (36.78%). Thus, all these results revealed that the prepared NS formulations have improved the solubility and in vitro dissolution compared to the pure drug. Furthermore, an increase in the drug release was observed from the NS than that of the pure PRX. All these outcomes signified that the prepared PRX NS showed an increase in solubility and in vitro dissolution behavior; which subsequently would aid in attainment of enhanced bioavailability

SILAC-based quantitative proteomic approach to identify potential biomarkers from the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma secretome

The identification of secreted proteins that are differentially expressed between non-neoplastic and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells can provide potential biomarkers of ESCC. We used a SILAC-based quantitative proteomic approach to compare the secretome of ESCC cells with that of non-neoplastic esophageal squamous epithelial cells. Proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE and tandem mass spectrometry analysis (LC-MS/MS) of in-gel trypsindigested peptides was carried out on a high-accuracy qTOF mass spectrometer. In total, we identified 441 proteins in the combined secretomes, including 120 proteins with ≥ 2-fold upregulation in the ESCC secretome vs. that of non-neoplastic esophageal squamous epithelial cells. In this study, several potential protein biomarkers previously known to be increased in ESCC including matrix metalloproteinase 1, transferrin receptor and transforming growth factor beta-induced 68 kDa were identified as overexpressed in the ESCC-derived secretome. In addition, we identified several novel proteins that have not been previously reported to be associated with ESCC. Among the novel candidate proteins identified, protein disulfide isomerase family a member 3 (PDIA3), GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 (GDI2) and lectin galactoside binding soluble 3 binding protein (LGALS3BP) were further validated by immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemical labeling using tissue microarrays. This tissue microarray analysis showed overexpression of protein disulfide isomerase family a member 3, GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 and lectin galactoside binding soluble 3 binding protein in 93, 93 and 87% of 137 ESCC cases, respectively. Hence, we conclude that these potential biomarkers are excellent candidates for further evaluation to test their role and efficacy in the early detection of ESCC