Novos registros de moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae), hospedeiros silvestres e parasitóides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) na Amazônia brasileira

Anastrepha anomala Stone was obtained from Parahancornia amapa (Huber) Ducke (Apocynaceae) fruits, and Anastrepha hastata Stone from Cheiloclinium cognatum (Miers.) (Hippocrateaceae) in the State of Amapá, Brazil. Two braconids, Doryctobracon sp. and Opius bellus Gahan, were reared from the latter fruit fly species. This is the first record of P. amapa as a fruit fly host. C. cognatum is the first host known to A. hastata. Both braconids are also the first records of parasitoids for this species.Anastrepha anomala Stone foi obtida de frutos de Parahancornia amapa (Huber) Ducke (Apocynaceae) e Anastrepha hastata Stone de Cheiloclinium cognatum (Miers.) (Hippocrateaceae) no Amapá, sendo obtidos dois braconídeos, Doryctobracon sp. e Opius bellus Gahan, dessa espécie. Este é o primeiro registro de P. amapa como hospedeiro de moscas-das-frutas. C. cognatum é o primeiro hospedeiro conhecido de A. hastata e os braconídeos são também os primeiros registros de parasitóides dessa espécie.Agência de Desenvolvimento da Amazônia and Secretaria de Estado da Ciência e Tecnologia do Amap

QUANTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION BY EXOTIC TREE SPECIES IN AN ARAUCARIA FOREST FRAGMENT IN LAGES, SANTA CATARINA STATE

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a contamina\ue7\ue3o biol\uf3gica ao longo do tempo em uma comunidade arb\uf3rea em est\ue1gio sucessional avan\ue7ado/tardio da Floresta Ombr\uf3fila Mista Montana, adjacente a um plantio de Pinus taeda L. em Lages - SC. Para isso, foram alocadas 25 parcelas de 20 x 20 m, distribu\ueddas em cinco transe\ue7\uf5es de cinco parcelas cada, alocadas perpendiculares \ue0 borda de contato com o plantio de pinus. Em cada parcela foram mensurados (DAP 65 5 cm, medido a 1,30 m do solo), coletados e identificados todos os indiv\uedduos arb\uf3reos vivos. Quatro anos ap\uf3s o primeiro invent\ue1rio, os mesmos indiv\uedduos foram novamente inventariados, quantificando-se os indiv\uedduos mortos, sobreviventes e adicionando os recrutas. Para os dois per\uedodos foram calculados os descritores fitossociol\uf3gicos, quantificados os indicadores de invas\ue3o para a comunidade como um todo e grupos ecol\uf3gicos e calculadas as taxas demogr\ue1ficas. No primeiro ano foram amostradas 73 esp\ue9cies e no segundo 74 esp\ue9cies, dentro das quais, duas foram ex\uf3ticas: Pinus taeda e Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton. Ambas tiveram baixos valores dos indicadores de invas\ue3o para a comunidade nos dois anos, no entanto, com aumento da participa\ue7\ue3o de Pinus taeda entre as esp\ue9cies pioneiras ao longo do tempo. Os resultados das taxas demogr\ue1ficas sugerem que, para os diferentes grupos ecol\uf3gicos, o processo de invas\ue3o encontra-se em fases distintas. Conclui-se que o grupo das esp\ue9cies pioneiras foi o componente mais afetado pela invas\ue3o biol\uf3gica, o que refor\ue7a a necessidade de an\ue1lise, considerando os diferentes grupos ecol\uf3gicos.The present study aimed to evaluate the biological contamination over time in a tree community of Montane Araucaria forest, in advanced successional stage, adjacent to a Pinus taeda L. plantation, in Lages, SC state. For this sake, a total of, 20 x 20m, 25 plots, distributed in five transects with five plots each, were allocated perpendicular to the edge in contact with the pinus plantation. In each plot, all living trees were measured (cbh 65 5 cm, measured at 1.30 m above soil level), collected and identified. Four years after the first inventory, the same individuals were re-inventoried, the dead individuals and survivor quantified and recruits added. For the two evaluated years, phytosociological descriptors were calculated, indicators of biological invasion quantified for all community as well as for ecological groups and the demographic rates determined. A total of 73 and 74 species were sampled in the first and second years, among of them two exotic species: Pinus taeda and Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton. Both species showed low values of the invasion indicators, but with an increment in the participation of Pinus taeda among pioneer species over time. Results of demographic rates suggest that, for different ecological groups, the invasion process is in distinct stages. We conclude that the pioneer species was the most affected component by biological invasion, which reinforces the need for analysis considering the different ecological groups

Understanding the relation between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and adverse fetal, infant and child outcomes: a protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of longitudinal studies of pregnant women and their infants and children

IntroductionZika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is a known cause of microcephaly and other congenital and developmental anomalies. In the absence of a ZIKV vaccine or prophylactics, principal investigators (PIs) and international leaders in ZIKV research have formed the ZIKV Individual Participant Data (IPD) Consortium to identify, collect and synthesise IPD from longitudinal studies of pregnant women that measure ZIKV infection during pregnancy and fetal, infant or child outcomes.Methods and analysisWe will identify eligible studies through the ZIKV IPD Consortium membership and a systematic review and invite study PIs to participate in the IPD meta-analysis (IPD-MA). We will use the combined dataset to estimate the relative and absolute risk of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), including microcephaly and late symptomatic congenital infections; identify and explore sources of heterogeneity in those estimates and develop and validate a risk prediction model to identify the pregnancies at the highest risk of CZS or adverse developmental outcomes. The variable accuracy of diagnostic assays and differences in exposure and outcome definitions means that included studies will have a higher level of systematic variability, a component of measurement error, than an IPD-MA of studies of an established pathogen. We will use expert testimony, existing internal and external diagnostic accuracy validation studies and laboratory external quality assessments to inform the distribution of measurement error in our models. We will apply both Bayesian and frequentist methods to directly account for these and other sources of uncertainty.Ethics and disseminationThe IPD-MA was deemed exempt from ethical review. We will convene a group of patient advocates to evaluate the ethical implications and utility of the risk stratification tool. Findings from these analyses will be shared via national and international conferences and through publication in open access, peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberPROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42017068915).</jats:sec

Tipos de vegetação metalófila em áreas da serra de Carajás e de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Em áreas da Serra de Carajás, Pará, e em áreas da Cadeia do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais, Brasil, foram coletadas plantas e nelas analisadas as concentrações de Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr, Co, Mn e Fe. Os resultados indicam que as plantas das áreas de Carajás concentram Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr e Fe acima da normalidade e que as plantas das áreas da Cadeia do Espinhaço concentram Ni, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cd e também Fe. Com base nestes resultados e nos aspectos fisionômicos da vegetação, podemos supor a existência de diferentes tipos de vegetação metalófila nestas áreas, as quais podem pertencer a uma única provir ia biogeoquímica (Carajás - Espinhaço), rica em ferro e outros metais pesados