Acid mine drainage in an Indian high-sulphur coal mining area: cytotoxicity assay and remediation study

Abstract Opencast mining causes significant environmental concern due to acid mine drainage (AMD) caused by the oxidation of pyrites and other sulfur-bearing minerals. The present study intends to determine the seasonal variability of AMD in the affected area of the Ledo opencast mining, the cytotoxicity of the AMD, and the AMD remediation process. The physicochemical properties of the collected samples were analyzed by using laboratory-based methods and sophisticated instrumental tools. The cytotoxicity study of AMD water was performed by using different cell lines such as normal rat muscle and human carcinoma cells. The study demonstrates that the mine water samples show high conductivity (1.30-2.49 ms cm-1) with high total dissolved solids (1068-1339 ppm) which can change the ionic composition of water. The concentration level of trace elements are also found to be higher than the permissible limit (EPA, 2002) during monsoon season. A simple laboratory-based remediation process of AMD has been carried out in the current study by using size segregated pulverized limestone and the process reveals the decrease in elemental concentrations of AMD water. This study will be useful to develop a remediation technique to minimize the concentration levels of hazardous elements and ions in the AMD water

Pentahydroxycholestenone derivative from Eastern Himalayan yew

944-945Chemical investigation of the Eastern Himalayan yew (Taxus baccata L.) found in Arunachal Pradesh, India resulted in the isolation of a phytosteroid and its structure was establi shed as 2,3,9,20,21 -pentahydroxy-cholest-7-en-6-one through extensive use of FABMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy

Synthesis of some substituted 2-oxo- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines (3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1<i>H</i> )-ones) and 2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines, catalyzed by tin(II) chloride dihydrate and tin (II) iodide under microwave irradiation

1067-1071A simple,economic and efficient one pot synthesis of some sub s tituted 2-o xo-1,2,3,4-t etrahydropyr imid ines [3, 4- dihydropyrimidin-2(1H )-ones) and 2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines under solvent free condition and microwave irradiation catalyzed by tin(II) chloride dihydrate and tin (II) i ide is described. Aromatic aldehydes, possessing either electron donating or electron withdrawing substituents, react efficiently with urea (or thiourea) and -dicarbonyl compounds to give excellent yield of sub s tituted 3,4-dihydro pyrimidin-2 (1H )-ones (o r 3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H )-thiones]

2-Methylhexadec-2-ene from <i style="">Phyllanthus niruri</i> Linn.

434-4352-Methylhexadec-2-ene 1 has been isolated from farm-grown Phyllanthus  niruri Linn. and its structure has been determined by IR, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopic methods

Arabinosyl transferase inhibitor design against Mycobacterium tuberculosis using ligand based drug design approach

Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge to combat tuberculosis. Several reports of antibiotic resistance strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is strongly demanding the need of new and alternative antibiotics for its inhibition. Therefore, current investigation is an attempt to screen few lead molecules for the inhibition of arbinosyl transferase enzyme of M. tuberculosis. The inhibition of this enzyme is an established target of many antibiotics especially ethambutol. Herein, we have considered the structure of ethambutol as a starting point to screen active compound then ethambutol. Similar compounds were searched in chemical database and six compounds were identified and considered as selective arbinosyl transferase inhibitor based on physiochemical properties, bioactivity and ADME with least docking score. The compounds viz. ZINC00388344, ZINC003884, Chemspider2057082, ZINC-00388344, ZINC0038846, Chemspider2057082, Etha17 (analog) and Etha10 (analog) were finally screened and recommended for in vitro investigation

Bio-transformation of artemisinin using soil microbe: Direct C-acetoxylation of artemisinin at C-9 by Penicillium simplissimum

Potent antimalarial compound artemisinin, 1 was bio-transformed to C-9 acetoxy artemisinin, 2 using soil microbe Penicillium simplissimum along with C-9 hydroxy derivative 3. The products were characterized using high field NMR and MS–MS data. The absolute stereochemistry of the newly generated chiral centers has been ascertained by COSY and 1D NOESY experiments. This is the first Letter of direct C-acetoxylation of artemisinin using microbial strains

Multicolored Protein Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Cell Uptake

Synthesis, characterization, and applications of strongly fluorescent, multicolored protein nanoparticles (GlowDots) are reported here. Bovine serum albumin was cross-linked under controlled conditions to form nanoparticles, where particle size was controlled from 20 to 100 ± 10 nm by choosing appropriate reaction conditions. The absorption as well as the emission wavelengths were controlled without changing the particle size, unlike quantum dots. Each GlowDot was loaded with up to 214 ± 50 chromophores, and hence, the particles have high molar absorptivities (10⁶ M^–1 cm^–1) as well as high brightness (10⁵ to 10⁶ M^–1 cm^–1). A large number of functional groups cover the particle surface and these are further functionalized to enhance cellular uptake. GlowDots that were labeled with fluorescein and functionalized with taurine, for example, were quickly taken up by HeLa, MDA-MB-231, PC3, and L6 myoblast cells, as interrogated by fluorescence imaging studies. GlowDots were biocompatible, size tunable, biodegradable, strongly fluorescent, and stable for months at room temperature, and they may serve as substitutes for quantum dots in a variety of practical applications