Mihin suuntaan suomalaisaikuisten lukutaito on matkalla? : PIAAC-tutkimuksen tiedonkeruu käyntiin

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Key competences : citizens' perspectives

Over the past several decades, the competences that education systems produce have emerged as a pervasive topic in educational policy discourse. In addition to many national and international evaluations of and frameworks for essential future competences, there is a need to understand the perspectives of citizens. This study focuses on the competences that research participants from a diverse set of social backgrounds in Finland considered to be essential in the future. In all, 70 research participants were interviewed in 10 Finnish municipalities using a combination of convenience and purposive sampling. A holistic typology of competence (Le Deist & Winterton, 2005) was used as the basis for the content analysis. The results illustrate 33 key competences as described by the participants. Particularly, the participants emphasized the importance of meta competences and social competences necessary in the future world and working life. The reasoning behind why the participants felt meta competences to be important was examined. A high level of congruence with the aims of many recent national and international educational policies is discussed. This study introduces novel knowledge for adults’ competences and can be used as a starting point for future studies in developing better understanding of the competences that are needed in different industries

Miten aikuisten taidot ovat kehittyneet viime vuosikymmenellä : kansainvälisen aikuisten taitotutkimuksen (PIAAC) tiedonkeruu käynnistyi syksyllä 2022

Maija Lyly-Yrjänäinen ja Joonas Mannonen avaavat artikkelissaan OECD:n kansainvälisen aikuisten taitotutkimus PIAAC:n taustaa, toteutusta ja merkitystä. Tämän mittavan kansainvälisen tutkimuksen tiedonkeruu on alkanut kuluvana syksynä. Tutkimus on kunnianhimoinen ja Suomessa tiedonkeruun hintakin on noin 3,5 miljoonaa euroa. Tämä antaa tutkijoillemme pääsyn ainutlaatuiseen aineistoon ja kansainväliseen tutkijayhteisöön. ”Tutkimuksen tuottama aineisto tarjoaa tutkijoille valtavasti mahdollisuuksia selvittää koulutus-, työ- ja sosiaalipolitiikan ydinkysymyksiä aikuisten taitojen yhteyksistä koulutukseen, työelämään ja hyvinvointiin”, he toteavat.Basic skills have become increasingly important for employment, life-long learning, employment, wellbeing, and participation in the society in the information age. Consequently, a better understanding of the adult population’s basic skills is paramount. To address this need, the data collection of the second cycle of the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) started in September 2022. PIAAC is a large-scale international assessment measuring the literacy, numeracy and adaptive problem-solving skills of 16-65-year-old adults in 32 countries. The research design includes a direct assessment of skills as well as a background questionnaire collecting a wide range of information relevant to skills, including work and employment, education, leisure, and wellbeing. The results from the first cycle of PIAAC conducted in 2012 increased the understanding of the importance of adult skills among policymakers, researchers and educators as well as the public. The research and analysis of the survey data has informed policymaking, e. g. in the fields of continuous learning, education and working life. Since the 1st cycle, several policy reforms have been conducted, such as the reform of continuous learning and the extension of compulsory education. The second cycle of PIAAC will build on the design of the first cycle, allowing analysis of the development of skills between the two time points. New data on adult skills will continue to provide researchers unique opportunities for analysis. Ultimately, it will reinforce the knowledge base for decision-making in education, labour and social policies.nonPeerReviewe

The potential of temporal analysis : Combining log data and lag sequential analysis to investigate temporal differences between scaffolded and non-scaffolded group inquiry-based learning processes

This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion about analysing the temporal aspects of learning processes in the educational technology research field. Our main aim was to advance methods for analysing temporal aspects of technology-enhanced learning (TEL) processes by introducing the temporal lag sequential analysis (TLSA) technique and by combining TLSA with temporal log data analysis (TLDA). Our secondary aim was to illustrate the potential of these two analysis techniques to reveal the differences between the face-to-face technology-enhanced collaborative inquiry-based learning (CIBL) processes of three different conditions (non-scaffolded, writing scaffolded and script scaffolded groups). The study involved undergraduate university students (N = 231) in natural sciences. The TLDA was based on timestamps and groups' inputs into a TEL environment, and it focused on the groups' temporal ways of using technological resources. The TLSA was based on screen capture videos and audio recordings of the groups' CIBL processes, and it focused on the inquiry-based learning (IBL) transition patterns (i.e. the transitions between the different IBL phases) discovered by lag sequential analysis and demonstrated by how the IBL transition patterns temporarily emerged. The TLDA findings demonstrated temporal differences regarding how the groups in the different conditions used the available technological resources. The TLSA findings revealed three temporarily distinct IBL transition pattern clusters whose content and temporal emergence varied depending on the condition. Parallel temporal analysis of the log data and the IBL transition patterns indicated that the use of the technological resources temporarily mediated IBL transition patterns. Specifically, we found advantages similar to those of asynchronous online discussions (think before acting) when face-to-face interaction was enhanced with the writing scaffold. The article concludes with a general discussion of the necessity and potential of temporal analysis.peerReviewe

Understanding teaching professionals' digital competence : What do PIAAC and TALIS reveal about technology-related skills, attitudes, and knowledge?

In an ever-evolving technological landscape that challenges teaching professionals' digital competence, this study complements previous studies by providing an overall picture of teaching professionals' digital competence. We employed regression models on two large-scale assessment data sets on teachers from 11 countries—namely, the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS; n = 50,800) and the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC; n = 2590)—to investigate through the theoretical lens of digital competence how teaching professionals' skills, attitudes and knowledge distribute and relate, and how they are associated with personal and contextual factors. Our results found notable variation in teaching professionals' skills and knowledge but less variety in attitudes. The respondents generally recognised the importance of digital technologies in teaching regardless of their background. Older professionals often showed weak skills, but they also recognised the need for professional development in using digital technologies. An important result of this study is a better understanding of digital competence from the teaching professional's perspective. Our findings contribute to further developing theories and practices related to teaching professionals' skills, attitudes and knowledge.peerReviewe

Capturing cognitive load management during authentic virtual reality flight training with behavioural and physiological indicators

Background Cognitive load (CL) management is essential in safety-critical fields so that professionals can monitor and control their cognitive resources efficiently to perform and solve scenarios in a timely and safe manner, even in complex and unexpected circumstances. Thus, cognitive load theory (CLT) can be used to design virtual reality (VR) training programmes for professional learning in these fields. Objectives We studied CL management performance through behavioural indicators in authentic VR flight training and explored if and to what extent physiological data was associated with CL management performance. Methods The expert (n = 8) and novice pilots (n = 6) performed three approach and landing scenarios with increasing element interactivity. We used video recordings of the training to assess CL management performance based on the behavioural indicators. Then, we used the heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) data to study the associations between the physiological data and CL management performance. Results and Conclusions The pilots performed effectively in CL management. The experience of the pilots did not remarkably explain the variation in CL management performance. The scenario with the highest element interactivity and an increase in the very low-frequency band of HRV were associated with decreased performance in CL management. Takeaways Our study sheds light on the association between physiological indicators and CL management performance, which has traditionally been assessed with behavioural indicators in professional learning in safety-critical fields. Thus, physiological measurements can be used to supplement the assessment of CL management performance, as relying solely on behavioural indicators can be time consuming.peerReviewe

Capturing cognitive load management during authentic virtual reality flight training with behavioural and physiological indicators

Abstract Background: Cognitive load (CL) management is essential in safety-critical fields so that professionals can monitor and control their cognitive resources efficiently to perform and solve scenarios in a timely and safe manner, even in complex and unexpected circumstances. Thus, cognitive load theory (CLT) can be used to design virtual reality (VR) training programmes for professional learning in these fields. Objectives: We studied CL management performance through behavioural indicators in authentic VR flight training and explored if and to what extent physiological data was associated with CL management performance. Methods: The expert (n = 8) and novice pilots (n = 6) performed three approach and landing scenarios with increasing element interactivity. We used video recordings of the training to assess CL management performance based on the behavioural indicators. Then, we used the heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) data to study the associations between the physiological data and CL management performance. Results and Conclusions: The pilots performed effectively in CL management. The experience of the pilots did not remarkably explain the variation in CL management performance. The scenario with the highest element interactivity and an increase in the very low-frequency band of HRV were associated with decreased performance in CL management. Takeaways: Our study sheds light on the association between physiological indicators and CL management performance, which has traditionally been assessed with behavioural indicators in professional learning in safety-critical fields. Thus, physiological measurements can be used to supplement the assessment of CL management performance, as relying solely on behavioural indicators can be time consuming