Perancangan smart masjid di Kota Malang: Tema smart building

INDONESIA: Indonesia merupakan negara dengan penduduk muslim terbanyak di dunia. Walaupun demikian, di balik jumlahnya yang banyak, sering dijumpai permasalahan menyangkut efisiensi dalam pengelolaaan sumber daya sebuah masjid. Perancangan smart masjid ini bermula dari sebuah gagasan untuk merancang sebuah masjid yang tidak hanya dapat berfungsi sebagai tempat ibadah semata, tetapi juga dapat berfungsi sebagai tempat pengembangan masyarakat, khususnya masyarakat di sekitar masjid ini berada. Hal ini dituangkan dalam konsep dasar smart masjid yang menekankan pentingnya program masjid sebagai landasan dalam merancang, ditopang teknologi smart building sebagai basis pengelolaannya, yang pada akhirnya akan menghasilkan sebuah smart masjid sebagai tujuan akhir perancangannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah perancangan yang disertai studi literatur dan analisis, serta komparasi dengan nilai-nilai perancangan dalam al-Qur’an untuk menentukan tingkat kesesuaian penerapan teknologi smart building dalam perancangan sebuah masjid. Hasilnya adalah smart masjid dengan smart building sebagai basis utama pengelolaannya. ENGLISH: Indonesia is a country which has the biggest Moslem society in the world. However, despite the big number of its Moslem society, the problem about efficiency in a mosque resource management is often seen in this country. The design of this smart mosque starts from a concept of building a mosque which does not merely function as a place of worshipping, but also has a function as a place of community development especially for the people surrounding the mosque. This basic concept of smart mosque stressed on the importance of the mosque program as its design base, supported by smart building technology as its management base, which eventually will produce a smart mosque as the final goal of its design. The method used is a design that is supplemented by literature study and analysis, as well as comparison with the design values in Al-Qur’an to decide the level of suitability of smart building technology application in designing a mosque. The result is a smart mosque with smart building as the main basis of its management

Motivations for Remittances: A Study of Rural Bangladesh Migrants in Italy

The aim of the paper is to highlight the variables that determine the propensity to receive remittances and the amount of remittances by households in rural Bangladesh. The empirical model incorporated the determinants of remittances in terms of observed migrant and household characteristics that are assumed to capture the underlying motives of remitting suggested by existing theories of remittances. This paper explores the motives that account for the receipt of remittances across rural households in Bangladesh who have migrants in Italy. Unlike most of the existing literature, the research question from the perspective of the recipient household and use it to interpret the determinants/motivations of remittances. The results show that a combination of household and migrant characteristics and some community level variables are the key elements in explaining the remittance behaviour in Bangladesh. Drawing from these estimates, this study conclude that altruism investment and kinship are the three main motives behind remittance flows to Bangladesh and both community variables (NELM and presence of networks in the host country) are strong determinants of the likelihood of receiving remittances by households

Remittance model: a study of developing country in Bangladesh

This study examines and analyses migrant’s remittances model based on secondary sources as well as primary survey conducts on 300 Bangladeshi remittances senders in Malaysia. The survey revealed that formal banks and money transfer operators are still prominent channels/access points for sending remittances. However, it is interesting to note that digital channels, such as electronic money institutions (EMIs), payment service providers and online remittance providers, are beginning to become active. In addition, there are certain channels for sending and receiving remittances that are generally recognized at the global level as being “informal” or “semi-informal”. These include carrying cash either in person, through friends and relatives or through courier companies. Other examples may include businesses that are not licensed to carry out remittance transfers, but offer these as an unregulated side business. Informal fund transfer systems, such as the hawala system, where flows are netted off and transfers are based on established, trusted networks (which are unlicensed and unregistered), are also popular informal remittance systems. Finally, this paper has concluded with some policy recommendations

Customers Responses to the Emotional Labor During Service Encounters

Service employees need to exhibit positive role in emotional temperament in service encounter process to enhance employee satisfaction and customer loyalty. This study examined complex process between emotional labor, job satisfaction, word of mouth, and customer loyalty. Customer mood played as a moderating role. This study used 285 sample size of customers and services employees of banks of Bahwalpur, Pakistan. The results of our study found that employee emotional strategies of surface acting and deep acting make different impact on employee satisfaction and customer loyalty. Surface acting did not show any significant impact on customer loyalty, employee satisfaction, and word of mouth. On the other hand, employee satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between deep acting and customer loyalty, as well as fully mediation between deep acting and customer word of mouth. Meanwhile, customer mood partially moderated the relationship with different relationships. Our study is one of the rare studies to conduct empirical study in order to test the mediation and moderation relationship among emotional labor, employee satisfaction, customer word of mouth, and customer loyalty in banking sector

Defect Characterization of 4H-SIC by Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) and Influence of Defects on Device Performance

Silicon carbide (SiC) is one of the key materials for high power opto-electronic devices due to its superior material properties over conventional semiconductors (e.g., Si, Ge, GaAs, etc). SiC is also very stable and a highly suitable material for radiation detection at room temperature and above. The availability of detector grade single crystalline bulk SiC is limited by the existing crystal growth techniques which introduce extended and microscopic crystallographic defects during the growth process. Recently, SiC based high-resolution semiconductor detectors for ionizing radiation have attracted world-wide attention due to the availability of high resistive, highly crystalline epitaxial layers with very low micropipe defect content (\u3c 1 cm-2). SiC Schottky barrier radiation detectors on epitaxial layers can be operated with a high signal-to-noise ratio even above room temperature due to its wide band-gap. However, significant amount of intrinsic defects and impurities still exist in the grown SiC epilayer which may act as traps or recombination/generation centers and can lead to increased leakage current, poor carrier lifetime, and reduced carrier mobility. Unfortunately, the nature of these electrically active deep levels and their behavior are not well understood. Therefore, it is extremely important to identify these electrically active defects present in the grown epitaxial layers and to understand how they affect the detector performance in terms of leakage current and energy resolution. In this work, Schottky barrier radiation detectors were fabricated on high quality n-type 4H-SiC epitaxial layers. The epitaxial layers were grown on nitrogen doped n-type 4H-SiC (0001) substrates by a hot wall chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The epitaxial growth was carried out with 8o off-cut towards the [112̅0] direction. The Schottky barriers were formed on the epitaxial layers (Si-face) by depositing thin (~10 nm) circular Ni contact (area ~10 mm2) which acts as the detector window. The thickness of the detector window was decided such that there was minimal alpha energy attenuation while maintaining a reliable electrical contact. For the back contact, ~100 nm thick square (~40 mm2) Ni contact was deposited on the C-face of the 4H-SiC substrate. The junction properties of the fabricated Schottky barrier radiation detectors were characterized through current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. From the fabricated devices, those with high barrier height (~ 1.6 eV) and extremely low leakage current (few pA at a reverse bias of ~ -100 V) were selected for alpha spectroscopic measurements. Alpha pulse-height spectra was obtained from the charge pulses produced by the detector irradiated with a standard 0.1 μCi 241Am source. The charge transport and collection efficiency results, obtained from the alpha particle pulse-height spectroscopy, were interpreted using a drift-diffusion charge transport model. The detector performances were evaluated in terms of the energy resolution. From alpha spectroscopy measurements the FWHM (full width at half maxima) of the fabricated Schottky barrier detectors were in the range of 0.29% - 1.8% for the main alpha peak of 241Am (5.486 MeV). Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) studies were conducted in the temperature range of 80 K - 800 K to identify and characterize the electrically active defects present in the epitaxial layers. Deep level defect parameters (i.e. activation energy, capture cross-section, and density) were calculated from the Arrhenius plots which were obtained from the DLTS spectra at different rate windows. The observed defects in various epitaxial layers were identified and compared with the literature. In the 50 μm epitaxial layer, a new defect level located at Ec - 2.4 eV was observed for the first time. The differences in the performance of different detectors were correlated on the basis of the barrier properties and the deep level defect types, concentrations, and capture cross-sections. It was found that detectors, fabricated on similar wafers, can perform in a substantially different manner depending on the defect types. For 20 μm epitaxial layer Schottky barrier radiation detectors, deep levels Z1/2 (located at ~ Ec - 0.6 eV) and EH6/7 (located at ~ Ec - 1.6 eV) are related to carbon vacancies and their complexes which mostly affect the detector resolution. For 50 μm epitaxial layer Schottky barrier radiation detectors, Z1/2, EH5, and the newly identified defect located at Ec - 2.4 eV mostly affect the detector resolution. The annealing behavior of deep level defects was thoroughly investigated by systematic C-DLTS measurements before and after isochronal annealing in the temperature range of 100 ˚C - 800 ˚C. Defect parameters were calculated after each isochronal annealing. Capture cross-sections and densities for all the defects were investigated to analyze the impact of annealing. The capture cross-sections of the defects Ti (c) (located at Ec ˗ 0.17 eV) and EH5 (located at Ec ˗ 1.03 eV) were observed to decrease with annealing temperature while the densities did not change significantly. Deep level defects Z1/2 and EH6/7 were found to be stable up to the annealing temperature of 800 ˚C

Bangladeshi migration to Italy: an analysis of motivational factors and process

This study examines and analyses of motivational factors and migration process based on primary survey conducts on 100 Bangladeshi rural households who have been at least one family member in Italy. Firstly, Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) method and finally factor analysis were used for data analysis. The study reveals unemployment is the main push factor for migration followed by lack of versatility of working sector in the destination and higher income opportunity is the main pull factor for migration followed by better job opportunity in the destination. It is also observed from the 20 push-pull factor that the different factor are divided into eight components matrix with the help of Principle Component Analysis (PCA) matrix which are despondency, ambition, expectation, resource, network, opportunity, return and Peer. This paper suggests that the similar type of study may be conducted by incorporating other more contextual and realistic independent variables to predict the livelihood of the migrants. Finally, this paper has concluded with some policy recommendations

Macro determinants of remittance: Relationship between remittance and economic growth in Bangladesh

This paper examine the relation from remittances and trade to economic growth. Study applied time series econometric techniques; unit root, cointegration and error correction mechanism (ECM) to examine long-run and short-run association between dependent and independent variables during the period of 1976 to 2016. The results confirms a long-run relationship between remittance, trade and economic growth whereas no short-run causal relationship exists between remittances and economic growth, but trade shows significant influence even in the short run in GDP during the study period. It is expected that the findings would be useful to government and policy makers for internal policy formation in the area of utilization of remittance management of migration from Bangladesh

The Rohingya issue and international migration: a historical perspective

This paper examines the Rohingya Muslim experience historically, but perhaps more significantly, it examines their experience through a contemporary humanitarian and human rights lens as well. Indeed, it begins with a brief history of the Rohingya Muslims in post-colonial Myanmar. The second section analyzes contemporary humanitarian developments. The third section explores several key human rights abuses perpetrated against the Rohingya Muslims. The final section concludes with recommendations

Chronic long-COVID syndrome: A protracted COVID-19 illness with neurological dysfunctions

After almost a year of COVID-19, the chronic long-COVID syndrome has been recognized as an entity in 2021. The patients with the long-COVID are presenting with ominous neurological deficits that with time are becoming persistent and are causing disabilities in the affected individuals. The mechanisms underlying the neurological syndrome in long-COVID have remained obscure and need to be actively researched to find a resolution for the patients with long-COVID. Here, the factors like site of viral load, the differential immune response, neurodegenerative changes, and inflammation as possible causative factors are debated to understand and investigate the pathogenesis of neuro-COVID in long-COVID syndrome

Use of Information Sources by Faculty Members, Research scholars and Students of the Faculty of Commerce, AMU, Aligarh: A Survey

The purpose of this study is to find out the level of use of information sources by faculty members, research scholars and students of the faculty of commerce, amu, aligarh. a structured questionnaire was administered to the faculty members, research scholars and students of the Faculty of Commerce, AMU, Aligarh. The survey reveals that the maximum number of Faculty Members as well as Research Scholars uses Journals for getting their required information, while Students prefer general books for getting their required information. After general books they consult journals as well as supervisors/seniors. It is also found that most of the Research scholars as well as the students access printed journals/periodicals in the central library while most of the faculty members personally subscribe printed journals/periodicals. It was also discovered that most of the faculty members as well as research scholars consulted Emeraldinsight.com and Science Direct.com for accessing their required information