Copper complex of isatin Schiff base encapsulated in zeolite as active heterogeneous catalyst: an efficient protocol for the acetylation reaction

Copper (II) complex of 3-phenylimino-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one encapsulated in the super cages of zeolite-Y has been synthesized by flexible ligand method and characterized by various physicochemical measurements. The catalytic activity of cationic exchanged zeolite, copper complex of ligand and complex encapsulated inside the zeolite was investigated for the decomposition of H2O2 and for the acetylation of p-cresol. All catalysts show good to excellent yield. The results showed that conversion of p-cresol varies in the order homogeneous complex \NaY-Zeolite\Cu-Y-Zeolite\heterogeneous comple

Measurement of Excess Molar Enthalpies of Binary and Ternary Systems Involving Hydrocarbons and Ethers

The study of excess thermodynamic properties of liquid mixtures is very important for designing the thermal separation processes, developing solution theory models and to have a better understanding of molecular structure and interactions involved in the fluid mixtures. In particular, heat of mixing or excess molar enthalpy data of binary and ternary fluid mixtures have great industrial and theoretical significance. In this connection, the experimental excess molar enthalpies for seventeen binary and nine ternary systems involving hydrocarbons, ethers and alcohol have been measured at 298.15K and atmospheric conditions for a wide range of composition by means of a flow microcalorimeter (LKB 10700-1). The binary experimental excess molar enthalpy values are correlated by means of the Redlich-Kister polynomial equations and the Liebermann - Fried solution theory model. The ternary excess molar enthalpy values are represented by means of the Tsao-Smith equation with an added ternary term and the Liebermann-Fried model was used to predict ternary excess molar enthalpy values. The Liebermann-Fried solution theory model was able to closely represent the experimental excess enthalpy data for most of the binary and ternary systems with reasonable accuracy. The correlated and predicted excess molar enthalpy data for the ternary systems are plotted in Roozeboom diagram

Chicken chorioallantoic membrane as a reliable model to evaluate osteosarcoma—an experimental approach using SaOS2 cell line

BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary tumor that affects usually children. Due to its cellular complex and osteoid formation it is very difficult to understand the mechanism behind the progressiveness of osteosarcoma. Various animal models are available to study the issue but they are time consuming and costly. We aimed to understand the progressiveness and invasiveness of osteosarcoma induced by SaOS2 cells using chicken chorioallantoic membrane. CAM is a well-established model which allows in vivo studies of tumor induced angiogenesis and the testing of anti angiogenic molecules. However only a few reports showed the tumor forming ability of SaOS2 cells on CAM. METHOD: Angiogenic ability of SaOS2 cells on CAM was validated by various methods. Angiogenic ability was scored by direct visualization and scanning microscopic analysis. The sprouting ability and growth of the vessel was measured by Angioquant software under different cellular volume. The invasiveness was analyzed by histological staining. Involvement of angiogenic factors at differential stage of progressiveness was confirmed by the molecular and protein level expression analysis. RESULT: SaOS2 cells induces sprouting angiogenesis on CAM and shows its aggressiveness by rupturing the ectodermal layer of the CAM. Growth and development of osteosarcoma depends mainly on the activation of VEGF165, MMP2 and MMP9. CAM able to reproduce angiogenic response against the stimulation of SaOS2 cells exactly as in other animal models without inflammatory reactions. CONCLUSION: CAM is an excellent alternative in vivo model for studying the aggressiveness and tumor progression of osteosarcoma using various angiogenic techniques in an easily, faster and affordable way. We further provided insight about the involvement of various angiogenic growth factors on the development of osteosarcoma which will enable to find the suitable therapeutic molecule for the treatment of osteosarcoma. CAM model could provide a wide space using modern techniques like micro array or in situ hybridization to have a better understanding about the progression and invasiveness of osteosarcoma cells to develop suitable therapeutic molecules

Feature Selection Intent Machine Learning based Conjecturing Workout Burnt Calories

As we know that running is the victor for most calories burned per hour. Stationary bicycling, running, and swimming are fabulous choices as well. HIIT works out are too incredible for burning calories. After a HIIT workout, your body will proceed to burn calories for up to 24 hours. Forecasting the workout burnt calories still remains an open challenge as the changes in the environmental calamity and body health. The machine learning strategies can predict the burnt out calories for the course of exercise done by a body. With this background, we have utilized Exercise dataset extracted from UCI Machine Learning repository for predicting the workout burnt calories.  The forecasting of burnt calories rate are achieved in four ways. Firstly, the data set is preprocessed with Feature Scaling and missing values. Secondly, exploratory feature examination is done and the scattering of target highlight is visualized. Thirdly, the raw data set is fitted to all the regressors and the execution is dissected before and after scaling. Fourth, the raw data set is subjected to feature selection axioms like Anova test, Correlated Feature, Variance Based and KBest Feature based methods and are fitted to all the regressors and the performance is analyzed before and after feature scaling. The execution is done using python language under Spyder platform with Anaconda Navigator. Experimental results shows that the Decision Tree and Gradient Boosting regressor tends to retain 99% before and after feature scaling for the Anova test, Correlated Feature, Variance Based and KBest Feature based methods

Stability study: Transparent conducting oxides in chemically reactive plasmas

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.Effect of plasma treatment on transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) including indium-doped tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO) are discussed. Stability of electrical and optical properties of TCOs, when exposed to plasma species generated from gases such as hydrogen and silane, are studied extensively. ITO and FTO thin films are unstable and reduce to their counterparts such as Indium and Tin when subjected to plasma. On the other hand, AZO is not only stable but also shows superior electrical and optical properties. The stability of AZO makes it suitable for electronic applications, such as solar cells and transistors that are fabricated under plasma environment. TCOs exposed to plasma with different fabrication parameters are used in the fabrication of silicon nanowire solar cells. The performance of solar cells, which is mired by the plasma, fabricated on ITO and FTO is discussed with respect to plasma exposure parameters while showing the advantages of using chemically stable AZO as an ideal TCO for solar cells. Additionally, in-situ diagnostic tool (optical emission spectroscopy) is used to monitor the deposition process and damage caused to TCOs

In Vitro Propagation of Ruta Chalepensis Through and Callus Culture

Plant tissue culture is a field that that enables culturing of various plants and parts of plants usually treated under a nutrient medium and in highly sterile conditions. Out of them callus culture is one of the very interesting arenas of plant biotechnology that encompasses many pivotal benefits.  The study focuses on such callus enrichment using different hormones that there by enhance its biological activities. The plant namely Ruta chalepensiswas chosen upon wherein the callus growth was noticed.  Ruta chalepensis has multiple medicinal activities like anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic and many more pharmacological properties that yields in treating and curing of illness. Ruta chalepensis the leaf and internode were taken for the study and to analyse which of those at what concentration of plant growth regulators showed a better callus induction. The MS medium as well as Various hormone concentrations was used for the study like auxin and cytokinin from 0.5mg to 2 mg (2,4 – D, NAA, IAA, IBA). Increased concentration of 2,4-D (1.0 mg/L) alone in the MS medium showed profused callus growth. Both the explants used such as leaf and Internode were also tested in the MS medium which was devoid of hormones/plant growth regulators which was treated as control for comparison. From the data obtained, MS medium supplemented with hormones showed better growth rate and callus induction when compared with that of MS medium without hormones/plant growth regulators. Among the plant growth regulators 2,4-D (1.0 mg/L) showed maximum callus initiation from both leaf and internode explants. Further work was carried out in single and combination of the plant growth regulators for callus proliferation and accumulation. Further analysis is being done to study the growth pattern on combination of hormones and fix the hormone concentrations for the mass propagation of callus from the explants

Comparative Study of Silicon Nanowires Grown From Ga, In, Sn, and Bi for Energy Harvesting

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.A high density of silicon nanowires for solar cell applications was fabricated on a single crystalline silicon wafer, using low eutectic temperature metal catalysts, namely, gallium, indium, tin, and bismuth. The use of silicon nanowires is exploited for light trapping with an aim to enhance the efficiency of solar cells. Additionally, we have optimized the deposition parameters so that there is merely deposition of amorphous silicon along with the growth of silicon nanowires. Thus, it may improve the stability of silicon-based solar cells. The different catalysts used are extensively discussed with experimental results indicating stable growth and highly efficient silicon nanowires for photovoltaic applications. To test the stability, we measured the open-circuit voltage for four hours and the change in voltage was ±0.05 V. The fabrication of all-crystalline silicon solar cells was demonstrated using the conventional mature industrial manufacturing process that is presently used for the amorphous silicon solar cells. To summarize, this research compares various post-transition metals as a catalyst for the growth of nanowires discussing their properties, and such silicon nanowires can be utilized in several other applications not only limited to photovoltaic research

Formulation And Characterization Of Root Extract Of Punica Granatum L. Containing Ointment Against Bacterial Pathogens

The potential antimicrobial activity and physicochemical characteristics of a ointment containing roots of Punica granatum L. were examined. The antimicrobial activity was carried out by performing agar well diffusion method. Antimicrobial efficacy of aqueous and ethylacetate solvent extract of roots of Punica granatum L was evaluated against E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The extracts which showed better results were chosen for formulation of ointment. We created an ointment by mixing 10% w/w aqueous extract of Punica granatum into an aqueous cream. The homogeneity, spreadability, extrudability, pH, viscosity, the ointment formulation were all evaluated. These results imply that a herbal ointment derived from Punica granatum is a potent topical formulation that combines contemporary pharmaceutical technology with traditional herbal medicine to treat skin infections

SDSFLF: fault localization framework for optical communication using software digital switching network

Optical network is an emerging technology for data communication inworldwide. The information is transmitted from the source to destination through the fiber optics. All optical network (AON) provides good transmission transparency, good expandability, large bandwidth, lower bit error rate (BER), and high processing speed. Link failure and node failure haveconsistently occurred in the traditional methods. In order to overcome the above mentioned issues, this paper proposes a robust software defined switching enabled fault localization framework (SDSFLF) to monitor the node and link failure in an AON. In this work, a novel faulty node localization (FNL) algorithm is exploited to locate the faulty node. Then, the software defined faulty link detection (SDFLD) algorithm that addresses the problem of link failure. The failures are localized in multi traffic stream (MTS) and multi agent system (MAS). Thus, the throughput is improved in SDSFLF compared than other existing methods like traditional routing and wavelength assignment (RWA), simulated annealing (SA) algorithm, attackaware RWA (A-RWA) convex, longest path first (LPF) ordering, and biggest source-destination node degree (BND) ordering. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated in terms of network load, wavelength utilization, packet loss rate, and burst loss rate. Hence, proposed SDSFLF assures that high performance is achieved than other traditional techniques

Performance analysis of peak signal-to-noise ratio and multipath source routing using different denoising method

The problem of denoising iris pictures for iris identification systems will be discussed, as well as a novel solution based on wavelet and median filters. Different salt and pepper extraction algorithms, as well as Gaussian and speckle noises, were used. Because diverse sounds decrease picture quality during image collection, noise reduction is even more important. To reduce sounds like salt and pepper, Gaussian, and speckle, filtering (median, wiener, bilateral, and Gaussian) and wavelet transform are utilised. Provide better results as compared to other ways. A study of several efficiency indicators such as peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and mean squared error will be used to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed technique (MSE)