A Survey: Massive MIMO for next Generation Cellular Wireless Technologies

The rapid development of MIMO technology in the area of wireless communications is to setting up of base stations with large number of antennas to improvements in energy and spectral efficiency. In this paper a detailed survey on massive technology, its advantages and comparison with existing method are proposed. The Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been designed to support only packet-switched services and is aimed to provide IP connectivity between UE and eNodeB. As we move forward to5G becoming more promising next generation technology with increase in capacity, reduced latencies, support of very high frequencies (mmWave) with a smaller size single antenna, smaller the aperture for receiving energy. To overcome this small aperture on receiver side at high frequency, we need to use a large number of transmission antenna. This would be the main reason to use the Massive Multiple Input Multiple Outputs (MIMO).This paper focused on the massive MIMO performance, the gain, and return losses of different antennas operating at different frequencies

A comparative study of antinociceptive effect of fluoxetine with pentazocine in rodent model

Background: Chronic pain affects millions of people across the globe, commonly coexisting with depression. Antidepressants like fluoxetine have shown potential to have analgesic activity with superior safety profile and hence might be better suited in the treatment of chronic pain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive activity of fluoxetine and to compare the antinociceptive effect of fluoxetine with pentazocine.Methods: Adult albino rats weighing 150-200 grams were used in this study. Screening method used was Acetic acid induced writhing method in rats. Rats were divided into three groups of 5 animals and drugs administered as follows: group-1:  distilled water (control), group-2:  Fluoxetine, group-3:  Pentazocine. All drugs were administered 30 minutes before the onset of pain stimulus. Statistical analysis was done by using one way-analysis of variance (one way ANOVA) followed by Tukey-Kramer test.Results: Fluoxetine failed to show significant antinociceptive activity in Acetic acid induced writhing method.Conclusions: Fluoxetine is an SSRI and one of the most commonly prescribed drug for depression. It is proven to act at multiple sites like serotonin transporter and opioid µ receptor, both of which may play a role in its analgesic activity

Prescription pattern of fixed dose drug combinations in obstetrics and gynecology department of a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry, India: an observational study

Background: Fixed drug combinations (FDCs)have various advantages and disadvantages. In countries like India there are numerous irrational prescriptions as highlighted by the recent banning of FDCs in October 2018. Studying the prescription pattern helps in developing national database which can be used to promote rational use of drugs.Methods: All the Outdoor Patient Department (OPD) prescriptions from department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBG) during the study period were used for the study. The drugs were classified according to Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification. Other data studied were the number of FDCs and the number of currently banned combinations which were used during the study period.Results: The 41% of the drugs prescribed as FDCs. Most FDCs belonged to alimentary system followed by anti-infectives and blood and blood forming organs group. Vitamin D3 and Calcium combination was the most commonly prescribed FDC. Approximately 20% of these prescribed drugs are currently banned.Conclusions: A significant number of drugs are being prescribed as FDCs which also includes various irrational combinations

Photon interaction parameters of different tissues of human organs

For proper planning in the radiography of different parts of human organs, knowledge of the photon interaction parameters in different tissues of human organs are essential. Studied the x-ray and gamma photon interaction parameters such as  linear attenuation coefficient, half value layer, tenth value layer, mean free path and effective electron density of almost all tissues of human organs [Adipose tissue,  Blood, Brain, Breast, Cell Nucleus, Eye Lens, GI tract, Heart, Kidney, Liver, Lung , Lymph, Muscle, Ovary, Pancreas, Cartilage, Red marrow, Spongiosa, Yellow marrow, Skin, Spleen, Testis, Thyroid, Skeleton cortical bone, Skeleton cranium, Skeleton femur, Skeleton humerus,Skeleton mandible, Skeleton ribs (2nd,6th), Skeleton ribs (10th), Skeleton sacrum, Skeleton spongiosa, Skeleton vertebral column (C4) and Skeleton vertebral column (D6, L3)]. The present work is useful in the planning of radiography for different organs. This work also gives useful information for radiotherapy and dosimetry

Cl, K and Ni induced reactions to synthesis SHN 273Rg

267-270We have studied chlorine (Cl), potassium (K) and Nickel (Ni) induced reactions in the synthesis of 273Rg. We have studied the compound nucleus formation probability, survival probability and evaporation residue cross sections to synthesize superheavy element (SHN) 273Rg. The selected projectile-target combinations to synthesis 273Rg are 35,37Cl + 238,236Pu, 39-41K + 234-232U and 63,64Ni + 210,209Bi. From the study of PCN, Psur and σevr we have identified that 35Cl+238Pu is the most suitable projectile-target combination to synthesize 273Rg. We have also compared the present work with the experimental values available in literature

Prescribing pattern of antimicrobials in various clinical departments of a tertiary care hospital

Background: Antimicrobials are one of the most commonly used group of drugs. Their overuse and inappropriate use is one of the major concerns today. Assessment of prescribing pattern of antimicrobials provides insight into the health consequences and helps update antimicrobial usage guidelines. Hence this study was conducted with an objective to analyse the prescribing pattern of the antimicrobials.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted based on the prescriptions collected from Department of Pharmacy, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Puducherry. A total of 838 outpatient prescriptions were collected from four clinical departments, viz. General Medicine, General Surgery, Pediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynecology for a period of four months. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics.Results: Among 838 prescriptions 188 (22.43%) contained antimicrobials. Among the various departments, number of prescriptions with antimicrobials were more in department of General surgery (34.42 %) followed by Obstetrics & Gynecology (24.77 %). The commonly prescribed antibiotics were penicillins (25.47%), fluoroquinolones (12.73%), cephalosporins (10.84%), macrolides (8.96%), nitroimidazoles (6.60%) and tetracyclines (4.71%). Among the total antimicrobials, percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name and from National list of essential medicines (NLEM) were 38.20% and 80.18% respectively. Majority of antimicrobials (58.01%) were prescribed as oral tablets/ capsules.Conclusions: It was found that penicillins were the most commonly prescribed group of antimicrobials, significantly less number of antimicrobials were prescribed by generic name, 80.18% of antimicrobials were prescribed from NLEM and tablets/ capsules were the most common dosage forms

Cluster radioactivity in superheavy nuclei 299-306122

Cluster radioactivity is an intermediate between alpha decay and spontaneous fission. It is also an exotic decay obtained in superheavy nuclei. When a cluster decay is detected in superheavy nuclei, the daughter nuclei is having near or equal to doubly magic nuclei. We have investigated cluster decay of isotopes of He, Li, Be, Ne, N, Mg, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar and Ca in the superhaevy nuclei region 299-306122. We have also compared the logarithmic half-lives of cluster decay with that of other models such as Univ [1], NRDX [2], UDL [3] and Horoi [4]. From this study it is concluded that  cluster decay of 4He, 22Ne, 26Mg, 28Si 30Si, 34S, 40Ca and 46Ca are having shorter logarithmic half-lives compared to exotic cluster decay modes