Bank Borrowers and Loan Sales: New Evidence on the Uniqueness of Bank Loans

This paper examines the information content of the announcement of the sale of a borrower’s loan by its bank. A large body of research has documented the positive impact on a firm’s stock price around the announcement of formation and renewal of bank lending relationships. In light of these findings it would seem natural that when a bank chooses to sell off its loans, the stock returns of the borrower would be adversely affected. Our paper is the first study to test this hypothesis. We find that the stock returns of these borrowers are significantly negatively impacted on average for the period surrounding the announcement of a loan sale. The post-loan sale period is also marked by a large incidence of bankruptcy filings by the borrowers whose loans are sold. Overall, the evidence supports the hypothesis that the news of a bank loan sale has a negative certification impact, which is validated by the subsequent performance of the firm whose loan is sold. We conduct similar event study tests for those banks that engage in loan sales and find that the stock returns of the selling banks are not significantly impacted on average. Cross-sectional tests reveal that loan sales were made by banks that emphasized trading income and had relatively large Commercial and Industrial loan portfolios. For our sample period, a bank’s capital adequacy position did not appear to have a material effect on a bank’s decision to sell its loans

Factors affecting health insurance adoption and awareness in Uttar Pradesh, India : a comprehensive analysis

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the significance of health insurance in the context of India's growing population, with a particular focus on Uttar Pradesh, the country's most populous state. By examining various factors, such as the cost of health insurance in relation to its perceived benefits, the study seeks to understand the drivers behind health insurance uptake in the state. The importance of health insurance is underscored by the high cost of quality healthcare and the prevalent lack of awareness regarding its benefits. This paper emphasizes the need for health insurance and explores the reasons behind individuals' reluctance to prioritize its benefits over short-term gains.METHODS: A mixed-methods approach was employed in this study. Quantitative data was collected to gauge the impact of cost on health insurance adoption and to assess how an individual's income influences their perception of health insurance. Surveys using Google Forms were administered in urban areas to obtain numerical data reflecting the general population's views on the current situation and their willingness to purchase health insurance. The sample comprised 402 respondents from Uttar Pradesh, representing diverse age groups, social backgrounds, and income levels. Data from the National Family Health Survey and the National Sample Survey Office were used as reference points to determine the prevalence of insurance uptake and to evaluate the representativeness of the sample.RESULTS: The findings suggest that the cost factor, specifically the cost of health insurance premiums and the long-term returns they offer, remains the primary determinant of health insurance adoption.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This research underscores the importance of health insurance in the Indian society and identifies the factors influencing individuals' decisions to purchase a policy. Furthermore, the study proposes that making health insurance more affordable and raising awareness among the population could address the issue of low uptake. Consequently, this work aims to heighten awareness of health insurance's importance among Uttar Pradesh residents and recommend that policy makers implement strategies to make it more accessible, thereby influencing public behavior.peer-reviewe

Overview of the Process of Enzymatic Transformation of Biomass

Cellulase is an enzyme which depolymerizes the cellulose into glucose. Cellulases are produced by a diverse array of microbes including fungi, bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes. Considerable research for understanding the mechanism of cellulases began in early 1950s because of the significant use of these enzymes in various industries. This review provides a general account structure and availability of lignocellulosic biomass, pretreatment strategies for effective digestion, cellulase producing organisms, cellulase activity assay, and enzymology of cellulose degradation. Cellulase production, optimization, purification and characterization studies in addition to the industrial application of cellulase have also been discussed. At last a brief account of present market scenario of cellulases and future prospects of the study are also taken into account

Imatinib and Thyroid Dysfunction in BCR-ABL Positive CML Patients

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is a known adverse effect of some tyrosine kinase inhibitors like sunitiniband sorafenib while imatinib hasbeen shown to induce hypothyroidism and increased requirement of levothyroxine in thyrectomizedpatients. Very few retrospective studies are available for CML patients treated with imatinib,which havedemonstrated conflicting effects on thyroid function.Experimental design: We have prospectively studied thyroid function at baseline and at 6 months of imatinib treatment in 30 newly diagnosed BCR-ABL positive CML patients.Results: Two (6.7%) patients had subclinical hypothyroidism at diagnosis with the prevalence not being different from general population. Though the TSH levels increased significantly from baseline (3.80±2.00 mIU/L vs. 3.14±1.65 mIU/L, p =0.016) after6 months of treatment, 90% of the patients remained euthyroid. Only 3 patients had subclinical hypothyroidism.Conclusion: Imatinib did not have any significant impact on thyroid function in CML patients but may possibly alter the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones

Relationship between FDI and Crude Oil using VAR Model

<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Crude oil and other petroleum products are critical components of any country's economy. Inflation, trade, and the currency rate are few of the important elements that influence crude oil prices. The link between FDI and crude oil is the subject of this paper. The study used a bivariate model of FDI and crude oil prices to develop an econometric model of vector auto regression and cointegration approach. Crude oil prices and FDI have been shown to have a short-run relationship, albeit other considerations must also be considered.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Foreign Direct Investment, Crude Oil, VAR, India</p&gt

RFID TECHNOLOGY IN AUTOMATION LIBRARY: CHALLENGES & ITS APPLICATION

<p>Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is one of the fasted growing and most beneficial technology being adopted by both industry and libraries. Radio Frequency Identification is a new generation of Auto Identification and Data Collection Technology which<br>helps to identification of large number of tagged objects like Documentations of library with<br>using of radio waves. Libraries began using RFID systems to replace their electro-magnetic and<br>bar code systems in the late 1990s.</p> <p>Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is one of the fasted growing and most beneficial technology being adopted by both industry and libraries. Radio Frequency Identification is a new generation of Auto Identification and Data Collection Technology which helps to identification of large number of tagged objects like Documentations of library with using of radio waves. Libraries began using RFID systems to replace their electro-magnetic and bar code systems in the late 1990s</p