Reduction of NOx and PM in Marine Diesel Engine Exhaust Gas using Microwave Plasma

Abatement of NOx and particulate matters (PM) of marine diesel exhaust gas using microwave (MW) non-thermal plasma is presented in this paper. NOx mainly consist of NO and less concentration of NO2 in a typical two stoke marine diesel engine and microwave plasma generation can completely remove NO. MW was generated using two 2kW microwave sources and a saw tooth passive electrode. Passive electrode was used to generate high electric field region within microwave environment where high energetic electrons (1-3eV) are produced for the generation of non-thermal plasma (NTP). 2kW gen-set diesel exhaust gas was used to test our pilot-scale MW plasma reactor. The experimental results show that almost 100% removal of NO is possible for the exhaust gas flow rate of 60l/s. It was also shown that MW can significantly remove soot particles (PM, 10nm to 365nm) entrained in the exhaust gas of 200kW marine diesel engine with 40% engine load and gas flow rate of 130l/s. MW without generating plasma showed reduction up to 50% reduction of PM and with the plasma up to 90% reduction. The major challenge in these experiments was that igniting the desired plasma and sustaining it with passive electrodes for longer period (10s of minutes) as it required fine tuning of electrode position, which was influenced by many factors such as gas flow rate, geometry of reactor and MW power

Effect of organic manures, inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizers on the nutrient concentration in leaves at different growth stages of banana cv Poovan.

Banana (Musa spp) and plantain are known for their antiquity and are interwoven with Indian heritage and culture and it  is one of the most important fruits grown  and consumed worldwide.   A field experiment was laid out in randamised block design  with ten treatments and three replications consisting recommend dose of fertilizers (RDF)  and RDF combined  with   organic   manures( Farm yard manure, Vermicompost and  Neem cake) and bioferlizers (VAM, azospirillum, PSB,  T. harizianum) at different combinations  to know their nutrient concentration  in banana leaves and soil at different growth periods viz., vegetative stage, flowering stage and harvesting stage. Sample preparation was performed with closed vassal microwave digestion. The major and micronutrients were analysed using the ICP-OES (Optima 2000). E-Merck multi-elemental standard used as a reference standard and ultra pure 2% HNO3 was applied as an internal standard.  T8  treatment(50 per cent  RDF through inorganic fertilizers  ,organic manures with bio ferlizers) recorded significantly highest leaf  nitrogen and potassium  (3.24  amd 0.44%) during vegetative stage, flowering (3.58%) and  harvesting stages(2.68 %) than untreated plants  T1(2.02,2.12 and 1.51%). Highest  Leaf phosphorus (0.42,0.43 and 0.38 %), sodium(0.40, 0.44 and 0.32)  magnesium(1.61.1.81, and 0.81 %). Significantly lowest concentration was found in untreated plants. The highest micro nutrients were noted in T8 followed by   T10 treatment in all the stages

Attitudinal change of Japanese and their post-war economic development

The overall human being living in the globe started fearing by witnessing the losses occurred both human life's and their properties during World war - II. Ferociousness, arrogance, and rebellion attitude are the main factors dominated during World war -II. Humanitarian consideration was totally absent, and the soldiers reacted very wild against one country to another. Several lakhs of soldiers have had loss their life's generally, and in particular British soldiers alone 9,47,000. In 1933 Hitler emerge as a great leader led German and worried for the loss occurred for German during World war - 1 and become anger against the Treaty of Versailles agreement which was totally against Germanians. This was ignited Hitler for master plan for World war - II. Because the Treaty of Versailles fix the responsibilities for economic losses under the leadership of America, German, and France, and German was blacklisted country. At the same time Japan was equally dominated on par with America, Brittan, and France. They had proved in all the dimensions as well as all the sectors. Even the great leader Hitler was shocked by seeing the speed and amuse style of attack against America. Japan targeted Paarl Port and the entire developed nation were shocked in Japan made a strong attack on Paarl Port. This incident create a big fear to America and Russia. Hence, the American President Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin of USSR, and Vincent Churchill of Brittan joint together made a mega plan against Japan. This paper made an attempt to identify the socio-economic and human loss occurred in Japan and recovery strategies practiced by them to reach as Number 1 in todays economic condition

3-Amino­phenyl naphthalene-1-sulfonate

In the title compound, C16H13NO3S, the plane of the naphthalene ring system forms a dihedral angle of 64.66 (10)° with the benzene ring. The mol­ecular structure is stabilized by weak intra­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions and the crystal packing is stabilized by weak inter­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O inter­actions and by π–π stacking inter­actions of the inversion-related naphthalene units [centroid–centroid distance of 3.7373 (14) Å]

Decolourization of Textile Azo Dyes by using Bacteria Isolated from Textile Dye Effluent

The present study was carried out to isolate dye decolourizing bacteria and to study the dye decolourizing ability.  Different bacterial isolate such as, Bacillus sp., Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens were isolated from textile dye effluent sample and used for the decolourization study. It was noticed that there was a decrease in the OD in all the three species of all the five dyes as the incubation period increased. Pseudomonas fluorescens was more effective followed by Bacillus, and Escherichia coli. It was found that all the isolated bacteria were efficient decolourizers of Orange 3R.  The decolourization of dye amounted to 59, 77, 79 respectively within 16 days.  Yellow GR was recalcitrant to decolourization, the O.D. value from an initial value of 0.6912 was reduced only to 0.303 and from 0.746 to 0.218, 1.236, to 1.33 by Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus sp. and Escherichia coli respectively. Percentage decolourization was 43%, 15%, 90% respectively. The percentage of decolourization of Orange GR is slightly higher than Blue 3R and the percentage decolourization of Black RL is similar to T Blue

Effectiveness of an Educational Interactive Video-DVD on Dairy Health Management Practices in Terms of Knowledge Gain among Dairy Farmers

This study was undertaken with the goal of improving the Indian dairy sector by enhancing knowledge and skill among dairy farmers on animal health care; thereby enabling increased productivity and minimizing economic loss. The study focused on members of milk co-operative societies of Kannur district, Kerala, India. Though the milk co-operatives were organized institutions, they lacked much needed knowledge and skill enhancement of their member-farmers. Most rural households in Kerala own television sets and DVD players. Hence, an educational interactive video-DVD on dairy health management practices was considered as an appropriate medium to disseminate knowledge on dairy health management practices to them. Sixty dairy farmers owning a DVD player and a television were selected as the sample population for study by means of proportionate random sampling among four milk co-operative societies identified in Kannur block. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of the respondents possessed medium level of knowledge at the pre-exposure stage, while in the post-exposure stage, a majority rose to the high knowledge category. The respondents who had low knowledge regarding various livestock diseases, their causes, symptoms, prevention and control gained considerable knowledge after exposure to the educational interactive video-DVD. The difference observed between the mean scores of knowledge level of respondents in pre and post-exposure stages was found to be statistically significant

A prospective comparative study to assess the efficacy and safety of sertraline and methylcobalin with pregabalin and methylcobalin in patients suffering with depression due to diabetic neuropathic pain

Background: Diabetic neuropathic pain produces mood swings thereby creating emotional disturbances ranging from mild anxiety to severe depression when the disease progresses for 10 years or more. The existing treatment includes Tricyclic antidepressants, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, anticonvulsants, Dual Reuptake Inhibitor antidepressant, topical agents like capsaicin, lignocaine, gabapentin. Yet the psychological component has to be treated with the antidepressants. Even though SSRI’s like sertraline has shown some promising results as analgesic but could works better as an antidepressant. Hence, this work emphasizes some promising role of sertraline as an adjuvant to methylcobalin and other medications in the management of depression due to diabetic neuropathic pain.Methods: A total of 100 consecutive patients of both sex between the age group of 18-65 years with painful diabetic neuropathic pain with signs and symptoms depression were recruited and randomized into two groups. Statistical methods: Data were tabulated, and results were analyzed. Chi-square test was used to analyze demographic data of the study population. Depressive score was analyzed at baseline and 12th week by using Student’s t-test and Analysis of Co variance. A p value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Group I patients showed an improvement of symptomatology where the number of patients shifted from mild to minimal depression. This is critically less in Group II.Conclusions: The combination of sertraline with methylcobalin showed a promising outcome with improvement of symptoms of painful diabetic neuropathic pain in Indian patients

Study on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients.

Study on the Prevalence of Metabolic syndrome in the Newly diagnosed Hypothyroid Patients Metabolic syndrome is common in Hypothyroid than Euthyroid. Lipid profile parameters also had independent correlation with hypothyroidism. LDL, Total cholesterol, TG increased and HDL decreased in Hypothyroidism than Euthyroid stat

1-Naphthyl 9H-carbazole-4-sulfonate

In the title compound, C22H15NO3S, the plane of the carbazole ring system forms a dihedral angle of 65.06 (4)° with the naphthalene ring system. In the crystal structure, a weak intra­molecular C—H⋯O inter­action is observed between the naphthalene ring system and the sulfonate group. Two weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions are also observed