Seasonal variations of physico-chemical properties of the Great Vedaranyam Swamp, Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, South-east coast of India

The present study was attempted on the physico-chemical variability of the Great Vedaranyam Swamp of the Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, South-east coast of India. Seasonal variation study was carried out to examine level of varying physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, electrical conductivity, phosphate, turbidity, total dissolved solids and water depth. The physico-chemical parameters have exhibited considerable seasonal and spatial variations. The qualitative study revealed the present status of the physico-chemical parameters, which would be very helpful for policy makers to take precautionary measures to save the swamp.Key words: Seasonal variations, physico-chemical parameters, Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, pH, salinity, temperature

3,3′-(p-Phenyl­ene)bis­(3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazine)

Mol­ecules of the title compound, C22H20N2O2, are situated on crystallographic centres of symmetry. The oxazinane ring adopts a sofa conformation. Mol­ecules are linked into cyclic centrosymmetric dimers via C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds with the motif R 2 2(6). In addition to the C—H⋯O inter­actions, the crystal structure is also stabilized by C—H⋯π inter­actions

1-[(E)-2-Formyl-1-(4-methyl­phen­yl)ethen­yl]-3-(4-methyl­phen­yl)pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C21H18N2O2, mol­ecules are linked through C—H⋯O inter­actions. Two symmetry-related mol­ecules form a cyclic centrosymmetric R 2 2(20) dimer. These dimers are further connected into chains running along the b axis

3-(4-Chloro­phen­yl)-1-[(E)-1-(4-chloro­phen­yl)-2-(4-methyl­phenyl­sulfan­yl)ethen­yl]-4-(4-methyl­phenyl­sulfan­yl)-1H-pyrazole

In the title compound, C31H24Cl2N2S2, the pyrazole ring adopts planar conformation with a maximum deviation of 0.002 (2) Å. The chloro­phenyl rings are twisted out of the plane of the pyrazole ring by 75.1 (1) and 39.5 (1)°. The crystal packing is controlled by weak intermolecular C—H⋯π interactions

(E)-3-Phenyl-3-(3-phenyl-1H-1-pyrazol­yl)-2-propenal

In the title compound C18H14N2O, the pendant rings make dihedral angles of 66.1 (1)° and 13.9 (1) with the central ring. In the crystal, two mol­ecules form a cyclic centrosymmetric R 2 2(22) dimer through pairs of C—H⋯O bonds. These dimers are further connected into zigzag chains extending along the b axis through C—H⋯π and C—H⋯O inter­actions

Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Solanum Nigrum and Eclipta prostrata for Effective Removal of Fluoride

The present study reports the novel approach to remove the excess fluoride in water using nano sized zinc oxide (ZnO) particles extracted from the plant leaf Solanum nigrum and Eclipta prostrate. The thermal behavior of the fabricated ZnO particles were characterized by XRD, the porosity and microstructure were studied by the SEM. The measurement of FTIR was carried out to find the probable biomolecules in both plant leaves. These leaves contain high amount of proteins, amino acids and rich in polyphenols. Batch experiments was carried out to study the removal of Fluoride under several factors like the effects of initial concentration, adsorbent dosage and various time interval. It is revealed at optimum dosage of Eclipta and Solanum is 0.8g/100ml and the capacity of adsorption was creating to be 1.984 mg/g and 1.943 mg/g and its efficiency is 98% and 55% respectively. Thus, the optimum dosage of the adsorbents can be used to lowering the fluoride concentration. The synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles in this work are highly capable material for removal of Fluoride ion. Thus, it is proven that the leaf of Solanum nigrum and Eclipta prostrata produce higher efficiency in reduction of Fluoride

3-Cyclo­hexyl­sulfan­yl-2-(4-methyl­phen­yl)-5,7-dinitro-1H-indole

In the title compound, C21H21N3O4S, the cyclo­hexane ring adopts a chair conformation. The nitro and methyl­phenyl groups are all coplanar with the indole ring system. Intra­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds generate S(6) ring motifs. The mol­ecules form R 2 2(20) centrosymmetric dimers via inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. A short O⋯O contact [2.842 (2) Å] is observed in the dimer

1-(2,4-Dinitro­phenyl)-3-(4-methyl­phenyl)-4-phenyl­sulfanyl-1H-pyrazole

In the title compound, C22H16N4O4S, the dihedral angles between the pyrazole ring and the pendant aromatic rings are 26.2 (1), 41.1 (1) and 89.5 (1)°. In the crystal structure, an intermolecular C—H⋯N bond helps to establish the packing. A short C⋯C contact of 3.110 (12) Å is observed between the C atom of the pyrazole CH group and one of the α-C atoms of the 4-methyl­phenyl ring

(E)-3-(4-Methyl­phen­yl)-3-[3-(4-methyl­phen­yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-2-propenal

In the title compound, C20H18N2O, the pyrazole ring adopts a planar conformation. The C—N bond lengths in the pyrazole ring are shorter than a standard C—N single bond (1.443 Å), but longer than a standard double bond (1.269 Å), indicating electron delocalization. The propenal group assumes an extended conformation. Inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect mol­ecules into cyclic centrosymmetric R 2 2(26) dimers, which are cross-linked via C—H⋯π inter­actions

4-(4-Chloro­phenyl­sulfan­yl)-1-[(E)-2-(4-chloro­phenyl­sulfan­yl)-1-phenyl­ethen­yl]-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole

In the title compound, C29H20Cl2N2S2, the pyrazole ring adopts a planar conformation. The chlorophenyl rings are twisted from the pyrazole ring at angles of 52.74 (14) and 29.92 (13)°, respectively. The crystal structure is stabilized by C—H⋯N and C—H⋯π inter­actions