A case study - Regulation and Functional Mechanisms of Cancer Cells and Control its Activity Using Plants and their Derivatives

Novel exploiting to the understanding of conventional medicine was followed by the findings of many unique secondary metabolites and its biological property and is highly required for treating of many endemic diseases. The plants have been a long background in ethno pharmacological knowledge for treatment of endemic and non-endemic diseases. Such plants are traditionally used in different form of paste, extraction and powder to treat seasonal diseases. Nowadays main uses of some medicinal plants have been a great deal with cure and control various chronic diseases such as cancer, AIDS, hepatitis, neurogenic disorders and acute kidney diseases. Cancer is molecular dysfunction and disarrangement in DNA base pairs it leads to change the human physiological and biochemical behavior of the system. Apoptotic mechanisms are regulating by two distinct pathways in which basic creeds perform in common to all eukaryotes. The key components in apoptosis especially mitochondrial intracellular organelles are identified (DNA, protein and ATP, Ca2+). These components control the next cellular binder step and participate in effecting cell suicide mechanisms. The diverse aspects of mitochondria involved in apoptosis include dealing with other proceedings such as release of protein or enzymes to effective for cell death. In these mechanism plants and related natural products using alternative therapeutic management, very less toxicity and cost benefits. Plant extracts and its biomass has revealed the existing of various pharmacologically active compounds like steroids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, saponins, alkaloids, tannins and terpenoids. The reliable natural products are acting as high sources for anticancer drugs. The natural derived compounds are the prolongation of life span of the zeolites and decrease of malignancy cell formation in the cellular system

The Impact of Externally-Driven Change on Middle Leadership in a Malaysian Higher Education Institution

The focus of the thesis is the impact of externally-driven change on the role of academic heads of departments (middle leaders) in a Malaysian higher education institution. The investigation is timely because of the Malaysian government’s recent reform of the Malaysian Education Blueprint for Higher Education (MEB HE) to improve standards and enhance competiveness in the wake of the pressures of global competition by 2025. Moreover, while middle leadership has received considerable attention in Western countries, it has been less well researched in the Far East, including Malaysia. The research is qualitative Malaysian university case study, drawing on the perceptions of ten heads of departments across a wide range of academic disciplines, regarding: (a) the impact of changes to their leadership role on their professional working lives; and (b) their experiences of leadership learning, both formal and informal, through the change process. Their lived experiences were captured through in-depth interviews and their descriptions of critical incidents (professional turning points) in their career trajectories. Relational Leadership Theory (RLT) provided a framework for understanding the change process through working with significant others, including superiors, subordinates and peers. Key findings indicate evidence of positive experiences characterised by ingenuity and resilience in the way the heads of departments adapted to their new roles. They also reveal evidence of difficulty and frustration arising from a need for more systematic recruitment strategies, better support mechanisms and preparedness of staff in taking on new middle management responsibilities. While the findings from a single study cannot be generalised in a conventional sense, they have the potential to resonate with readers working in similar contexts through naturalistic generalisation. They also provide fresh insights into an understanding leadership role change and leadership learning in a non-Western higher education context

Sustainability and economic evaluation of Microalgae

The enhancement of the atmospheric greenhouse effect due to the increase in the atmospheric greenhouse gases is often considered as responsible for global warming. Several analyses have been made on the key issues of scientific understanding of contemporary global climate change. Air pollution are directly related with climate changes and it has been increasing the potential of ecosystems and human health risks. The policy and scientific assessments to climate change included the consideration of the risks and expressed climatic events. Microalgae has been identified as one of the potential feedstock for various bio product production since its cultivation requires less cropland compared to conventional oil crops and the high growth rate. The potential of microalgae to produce multiple bio based products in a biorefinery framework. The integration of emerging biorefineries is potential solution to mitigate the threat of climate change, global warming and food insecurity

Ultrasound-aided In Situ Transesterification of oil Adsorbed on Decanter Cake Using Efba and Na2SiO3 as Catalysts

In the present study, renewable green fuel is produced using abundant biowaste from palm oil mill. The crude plam oil from decanter cake was transesterify using empty fruit bunch ash (EFBA) and waste marine sponge with sodium (Na2SiO3-WMS) under very mild conditions. The EFBA as a solid catalyst was calcined at 500 ˚C for 5 h, while Na2SiO3-WMS was prepared using impregnation method, then calcined at 500 ˚C for 3 h. Parametric study has been conducted and the optimal conditions were found to be: MeOH:oil mass ratio of 6:1 and 2.3 wt.% catalyst (based on DC weight) at 55 °C, yielding highest methyl ester conversion of 85.9 (under EFBA) and 90% (under Na2SiO3) within 1 h reaction time. Ultrasound undoubtedly assisted in transesterification achieving this remarkable result than mechanical stirrin

Biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plant derivatives and their new avenues in pharmacological applications – An updated report

AbstractThe field of nanotechnology mainly encompasses with biology, physics, chemistry and material sciences and it develops novel therapeutic nanosized materials for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. The biological syntheses of nanoparticles are being carried out by different macro–microscopic organisms such as plant, bacteria, fungi, seaweeds and microalgae. The biosynthesized nanomaterials have been effectively controlling the various endemic diseases with less adverse effect. Plant contains abundant natural compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins and other nutritional compounds. These natural products are derived from various parts of plant such as leaves, stems, roots shoots, flowers, barks, and seeds. Recently, many studies have proved that the plant extracts act as a potential precursor for the synthesis of nanomaterial in non-hazardous ways. Since the plant extract contains various secondary metabolites, it acts as reducing and stabilizing agents for the bioreduction reaction to synthesized novel metallic nanoparticles. The non-biological methods (chemical and physical) are used in the synthesis of nanoparticles, which has a serious hazardous and high toxicity for living organisms. In addition, the biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is inexpensive, single step and eco-friendly methods. The plants are used successfully in the synthesis of various greener nanoparticles such as cobalt, copper, silver, gold, palladium, platinum, zinc oxide and magnetite. Also, the plant mediated nanoparticles are potential remedy for various diseases such as malaria, cancer, HIV, hepatitis and other acute diseases

Nutraceuticals as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Colon Cancer: A Review

Colon cancer is a world-wide health problem and the second-most dangerous type of cancer, affecting both men and women. The modern diet and lifestyles, with high meat consumption and excessive alcohol use, along with limited physical activity has led to an increasing mortality rate for colon cancer worldwide. As a result, there is a need to develop novel and environmentally benign drug therapies for colon cancer. Currently, nutraceuticals play an increasingly important role in the treatment of various chronic diseases such as colon cancer, diabetes and Alzheimer׳s disease. Nutraceuticals are derived from various natural sources such as medicinal plants, marine organisms, vegetables and fruits. Nutraceuticals have shown the potential to reduce the risk of colon cancer and slow its progression. These dietary substances target different molecular aspects of colon cancer development. Accordingly, this review briefly discusses the medicinal importance of nutraceuticals and their ability to reduce the risk of colorectal carcinogenesis

Isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds in medicinal plant centella asiatica and study the effects on fungal activities

Medicinal plants are sources of important therapeutic aids for alleviating human ailments. The present research investigation was carried out to study anti-fungal activity of C. asiatica were tested against C. albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium sp. using two methods, disc diffusion method and broth dilution method. C. asiatica crude methanol extract was found to be the most effective against fungal activity. Compared to disc diffusion, broth dilution was a more appropriate method to quantitatively determine the anti-Candida activity of plant extract, whereby the MIC values of the crude extracts was determined. The result from disc diffusion assay demonstrates that plant extracts have an inhibitory effect. However, the broth dilution method result reveal that C. asiatica crude methanol extract has lower MIC values, meaning it has more prove that C. asiatica has an anti-fungal effect. Bioactive analysis results reveled that bioactive compounds present in the leaf, stems, roots, and the whole plant extract from Centella asiatica are the major chemical constituents are n-Hexadecanoic acid (99%), cis-Vaccenic acid (91%), 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (88%), Tetradecanoic acid (86%). Further study is required to find out the specific phytochemical which is responsible for its medicinal value

Study of solvent effect on dispersion of LT/Al2O3 catalyst for facile synthesis of cyclic carbonate from renewable sugar

The previous approached to transform sugar into sugar carbonate was based on phosgene technique and pyridine as a base solvent which is seriously hazardous also overexposures will associate to illnesses. In short, the use of D-mannose and urea as feedstock are an advantage for waste into wealth besides being an environmentally friendly process to nature. Apart from that, the role of Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) supported Lanthanum triflate La(Otf)3 also were studied to enhance the catalytic process of 2,3-O-Carbonyl-α-Dmannopyranose synthesis