Andere „Asienkämpfer“: Deutsche Frauen an der Orientfront während des Ersten Weltkrieges

Die Ausstellung „Osmanen in Hamburg – eine Beziehungsgeschichte zur Zeit des Ersten Weltkrieges“, die vom 6. November 2014 bis zum 4. Januar 2015 in der Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Carl von Ossietzky gezeigt wurde, widmete sich anlässlich des 100. Jahrestages der „Urkatastrophe“ den deutsch-osmanischen Beziehungen aus Hamburger Sicht und nahm vor allem die Zeit zwischen 1914 und 1918 in den Blick. Die erstmals gezeigten Archivmaterialien veranschaulichen dabei nicht nur die wirtschaftlichen, diplomatischen und kulturellen Kontakte. Sie vermitteln vor allem einen Eindruck von der Präsenz und vom Leben der ethnisch wie religiös heterogenen Gruppe der Osmanen (u. a. Armenier, Griechen, sephardische Juden, muslimische Türken) in Hamburg, deren Spuren sich bis ins 19. Jahrhundert zurückverfolgen lassen. Der vorliegende Katalog möchte aber nicht nur die in acht Sektionen unterteilte Ausstellung dokumentieren. Er liefert mit zusätzlichen acht Beiträgen einen weiterführenden Einblick in die komplexe und ambivalente osmanisch-deutsche bzw. hamburgisch-osmanische Beziehungsgeschichte. In drei Kapiteln werden neben den transkulturellen Begegnungen wie Kulturdifferenzen der Zeit von etwa 1850 bis 1909, die kolonialen Ambitionen und orientalistischen Embleme des Deutschen Reiches, aber auch die Rolle deutscher Frauen im Osmanischen Reich zwischen 1914 und 1918 beleuchtet.The exhibition "Osmanen in Hamburg - a relationship history during the First World War" which was shown in the Hambrug State and University Library from November 6th, 2014 to January 4th, 2015, devoted itself to the 100th anniversary of the "Urkatastrophe" (the Great War) to he German-Ottoman relations from the perspective of Hamburg, and focused on the years between 1914 and 1918. The archival objects were presented for the first time and are documented in this publication. They illustrate not only economic, diplomatic and cultural contacts., but also give an impression of the presence and the life of the ethnically and religiously heterogeneous group of the Ottomans (e.g. Armenians, Greeks, Sephardic Jews, Muslim Turks) in Hamburg who can be traced back to the 19th century. This catalog, however, does not only want to document the exhibition which was divided into eight sections. With an additional eight contributions, it provides a deeper insight into the complex and ambivalent Ottoman-German and/ or Hamburg-Ottoman relations. In addition to transcultural encounters such as cultural differences between the time of 1850 and 1909 the colonial ambitions and oriental emblems of the German Reich, as well as the role of German women in the Ottoman Empire between 1914 and 1918, are illuminated in three chapters

Multicomponent Analysis of Junctional Movements Regulated by Myosin II Isoforms at the Epithelial Zonula Adherens

The zonula adherens (ZA) of epithelial cells is a site of cell-cell adhesion where cellular forces are exerted and resisted. Increasing evidence indicates that E-cadherin adhesion molecules at the ZA serve to sense force applied on the junctions and coordinate cytoskeletal responses to those forces. Efforts to understand the role that cadherins play in mechanotransduction have been limited by the lack of assays to measure the impact of forces on the ZA. In this study we used 4D imaging of GFP-tagged E-cadherin to analyse the movement of the ZA. Junctions in confluent epithelial monolayers displayed prominent movements oriented orthogonal (perpendicular) to the ZA itself. Two components were identified in these movements: a relatively slow unidirectional (translational) component that could be readily fitted by least-squares regression analysis, upon which were superimposed more rapid oscillatory movements. Myosin IIB was a dominant factor responsible for driving the unilateral translational movements. In contrast, frequency spectrum analysis revealed that depletion of Myosin IIA increased the power of the oscillatory movements. This implies that Myosin IIA may serve to dampen oscillatory movements of the ZA. This extends our recent analysis of Myosin II at the ZA to demonstrate that Myosin IIA and Myosin IIB make distinct contributions to junctional movement at the ZA

'Ein' Interview - 'Fünf' Interpretationsskizzen: Illustrationen unterschiedlicher Auswertungsstile im Rahmen einer exemplarischen Forschungswerkstatt

Der Beitrag berichtet über eine 'exemplarische Forschungswerkstatt', bei der die Illustration unterschiedlicher Auswertungsstile durch sie prägende Forscher im Vordergrund stand. Das Fallbeispiel betrifft den Zusammenhang von biographischen Erfahrungen und Studienwahl. Dabei ging es um das Einüben pädagogischen Verstehens und um die Illustration der jeweiligen Interpretationsmethoden. Im Anschluss an allgemeine Hinweise zu Zielen und methodischen Schritten der Auswertungsstrategien folgt jeweils eine Zusammenfassung der inhaltlichen Aspekte, die für die jeweilige Interpretation zentral sind. Die vorgestellten Ansätze sind die Lebensweltorientierte Rekonstruktion, Grounded Theory mit Computerunterstützung, die Kasuistische Interpretation, die Objektive Hermeneutik sowie die Biographieanalyse. Eine vergleichende Bilanzierung der verschiedenen Interpretationsskizzen zeigt Überschneidungen und Differenzen in den Resultaten. Dabei geht es darum, wie die Interpreten die biographische Perspektive und den Zusammenhang von Biographie und Studienwahl rekonstruieren. (ICE2

Bildnachweis

Die Ausstellung „Osmanen in Hamburg – eine Beziehungsgeschichte zur Zeit des Ersten Weltkrieges“, die vom 6. November 2014 bis zum 4. Januar 2015 in der Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Carl von Ossietzky gezeigt wurde, widmete sich anlässlich des 100. Jahrestages der „Urkatastrophe“ den deutsch-osmanischen Beziehungen aus Hamburger Sicht und nahm vor allem die Zeit zwischen 1914 und 1918 in den Blick. Die erstmals gezeigten Archivmaterialien veranschaulichen dabei nicht nur die wirtschaftlichen, diplomatischen und kulturellen Kontakte. Sie vermitteln vor allem einen Eindruck von der Präsenz und vom Leben der ethnisch wie religiös heterogenen Gruppe der Osmanen (u. a. Armenier, Griechen, sephardische Juden, muslimische Türken) in Hamburg, deren Spuren sich bis ins 19. Jahrhundert zurückverfolgen lassen. Der vorliegende Katalog möchte aber nicht nur die in acht Sektionen unterteilte Ausstellung dokumentieren. Er liefert mit zusätzlichen acht Beiträgen einen weiterführenden Einblick in die komplexe und ambivalente osmanisch-deutsche bzw. hamburgisch-osmanische Beziehungsgeschichte. In drei Kapiteln werden neben den transkulturellen Begegnungen wie Kulturdifferenzen der Zeit von etwa 1850 bis 1909, die kolonialen Ambitionen und orientalistischen Embleme des Deutschen Reiches, aber auch die Rolle deutscher Frauen im Osmanischen Reich zwischen 1914 und 1918 beleuchtet.The exhibition "Osmanen in Hamburg - a relationship history during the First World War" which was shown in the Hambrug State and University Library from November 6th, 2014 to January 4th, 2015, devoted itself to the 100th anniversary of the "Urkatastrophe" (the Great War) to he German-Ottoman relations from the perspective of Hamburg, and focused on the years between 1914 and 1918. The archival objects were presented for the first time and are documented in this publication. They illustrate not only economic, diplomatic and cultural contacts., but also give an impression of the presence and the life of the ethnically and religiously heterogeneous group of the Ottomans (e.g. Armenians, Greeks, Sephardic Jews, Muslim Turks) in Hamburg who can be traced back to the 19th century. This catalog, however, does not only want to document the exhibition which was divided into eight sections. With an additional eight contributions, it provides a deeper insight into the complex and ambivalent Ottoman-German and/ or Hamburg-Ottoman relations. In addition to transcultural encounters such as cultural differences between the time of 1850 and 1909 the colonial ambitions and oriental emblems of the German Reich, as well as the role of German women in the Ottoman Empire between 1914 and 1918, are illuminated in three chapters

PEDIA: prioritization of exome data by image analysis.

PURPOSE: Phenotype information is crucial for the interpretation of genomic variants. So far it has only been accessible for bioinformatics workflows after encoding into clinical terms by expert dysmorphologists. METHODS: Here, we introduce an approach driven by artificial intelligence that uses portrait photographs for the interpretation of clinical exome data. We measured the value added by computer-assisted image analysis to the diagnostic yield on a cohort consisting of 679 individuals with 105 different monogenic disorders. For each case in the cohort we compiled frontal photos, clinical features, and the disease-causing variants, and simulated multiple exomes of different ethnic backgrounds. RESULTS: The additional use of similarity scores from computer-assisted analysis of frontal photos improved the top 1 accuracy rate by more than 20-89% and the top 10 accuracy rate by more than 5-99% for the disease-causing gene. CONCLUSION: Image analysis by deep-learning algorithms can be used to quantify the phenotypic similarity (PP4 criterion of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines) and to advance the performance of bioinformatics pipelines for exome analysis

Framework and baseline examination of the German National Cohort (NAKO)

The German National Cohort (NAKO) is a multidisciplinary, population-based prospective cohort study that aims to investigate the causes of widespread diseases, identify risk factors and improve early detection and prevention of disease. Specifically, NAKO is designed to identify novel and better characterize established risk and protection factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, respiratory and infectious diseases in a random sample of the general population. Between 2014 and 2019, a total of 205,415 men and women aged 19–74 years were recruited and examined in 18 study centres in Germany. The baseline assessment included a face-to-face interview, self-administered questionnaires and a wide range of biomedical examinations. Biomaterials were collected from all participants including serum, EDTA plasma, buffy coats, RNA and erythrocytes, urine, saliva, nasal swabs and stool. In 56,971 participants, an intensified examination programme was implemented. Whole-body 3T magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 30,861 participants on dedicated scanners. NAKO collects follow-up information on incident diseases through a combination of active follow-up using self-report via written questionnaires at 2–3 year intervals and passive follow-up via record linkages. All study participants are invited for re-examinations at the study centres in 4–5 year intervals. Thereby, longitudinal information on changes in risk factor profiles and in vascular, cardiac, metabolic, neurocognitive, pulmonary and sensory function is collected. NAKO is a major resource for population-based epidemiology to identify new and tailored strategies for early detection, prediction, prevention and treatment of major diseases for the next 30 years. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10654-022-00890-5

The SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics' resources: focus on curated databases

The SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (www.isb-sib.ch) provides world-class bioinformatics databases, software tools, services and training to the international life science community in academia and industry. These solutions allow life scientists to turn the exponentially growing amount of data into knowledge. Here, we provide an overview of SIB's resources and competence areas, with a strong focus on curated databases and SIB's most popular and widely used resources. In particular, SIB's Bioinformatics resource portal ExPASy features over 150 resources, including UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ENZYME, PROSITE, neXtProt, STRING, UniCarbKB, SugarBindDB, SwissRegulon, EPD, arrayMap, Bgee, SWISS-MODEL Repository, OMA, OrthoDB and other databases, which are briefly described in this article

... mit der eigenart der Türkischen volksstämme und den kulturwerten des Islam bekannt und vertraut machen ... die Deutsch-Türkische Vereinigung in Elberfeld und Barmen

Donated by Klaus Kreise

Characterizing the role of Myosin VI at E-cadherin cell-cell adhesions

Epithelial cadherin (E-cad) cell-cell adhesion junctions play an important role in tissue organization and maintenance of tissue integrity. This is vital for many physiological processes such as morphogenesis during embryonal development, wound healing or tissue turnover (Takeichi, 1991). Disruption of cell-cell adhesion function not only has a negative impact on these essential physiological processes but also contributes to tumorigenesis and can lead to tumor progression into metastasis and invasion (Derksen et al., 2006). Therefore a detailed knowledge of the mechanisms of the formation, maintenance and disruption of E-cadherin adhesion junctions makes a vital contribution both towards the fields of molecular cell biology and cancer research. E-cad is a trans-membrane protein whose ectodomain engages in homophilic ligation and other complex adhesion mechanisms with cadherins on adjacent cells and thus contributes to cell-cell adhesion (Leckband and Prakasam, 2006). However its importance is not only as a structural protein, since it is also known to mediate dynamic processes such as cell polarity formation (Iden et al., 2006), and is able to modulate signaling at cell-cell adhesions (McLachlan and Yap, 2007). Its cytoplasmic tail plays an important part in the communication between adhesion junctions and the cytoskeleton (Goodwin and Yap, 2004; Mege et al., 2006). However the precise mechanism of this interaction is still subject to investigation. Myosin VI (MyoVI) is an unconventional actin-binding motor protein (Wells et al., 1999), which serves a multitude of important roles in the cell, both during development and in the adult organism. We are explicitly interested in the MyoVI pool that interacts with E-cad at cell-cell adhesions. Previous work showed that MyoVI engages physically with the E-cad/-catenin complex and plays an important role during the maturation and stabilization of newly forming contacts (Maddugoda et al., 2007). The physical properties of MyoVI imply that it could act as an anchor protein at adhesion junctions and thus contributes to junction stabilization (Altman et al., 2004; Oguchi et al., 2008). However to date very little is known about the precise mechanisms of MyoVI function or its regulation at E-cad adhesion junctions. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the investigation of the biochemical properties of the interaction between E-cad and MyoVI. Direct binding experiments of recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli), revealed that E-cad and MyoVI interact via direct binding of their tail domains. Truncation analysis of the E-cad tail domain revealed that more than one binding site for MyoVI is likely to exist and that one of the binding sites is located in the membrane proximal 28 amino acids of the E-cad cytoplasmic tail. These results support the hypothesis that MyoVI could act as an anchor protein that is able to directly link the junctional E-cadherin/catenin complex to the actin cytoskeleton. By establishing that E-cad and MyoVI bind directly this study provides a novel insight into the organization of adherens junctions and a valuable basis for future mechanistic investigations. The second part of this thesis focuses on novel findings regarding the regulation and function of junctional MyoVI in Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) treatment. HGF and its receptor, the tyrosine kinase c-met (Met), are molecular factors involved in Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a well-investigated process in which cell-cell adhesions are disrupted and the cells develop a migratory phenotype. The process of EMT is important in embryonic development (Birchmeier and Gherardi, 1998), but also employed in tumor invasion and metastasis (Thiery, 2002; Vergara et al., 2010), which makes HGF induced Met signaling also an important target for cancer drug development (Cecchi et al., 2010; Sattler and Salgia, 2009). Upon HGF treatment I observed that MyoVI was lost from the zonula adherens (ZA) within 15 min. During the same time frame I also saw a dramatic re-arrangement of the apical F-actin cytoskeleton and a change in E-cad morphology. By means of over-expression of a GFP-tagged porcine MyoVI construct I could show that the HGF induced loss of MyoVI from the junctions was causal for the changes in F-actin organization. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and studies of a photoactivatable G-actin construct showed no difference in actin turnover dynamics in HGF treated versus untreated cells. Live cell studies however revealed a loss of anchorage of actin filaments at the ZA in HGF treatment, which could be counter-acted by over-expression of GFP-tagged MyoVI. The biochemical interaction between MyoVI and E-cad was reduced upon HGF treatment, which implied that the disruption of their interaction might be causal for the loss of actin filament retention at the ZA. Finally I could show that calcium signaling plays a crucial role in the HGF-induced regulation of junctional MyoVI and actin. Thus this study identifies MyoVI as a novel target of HGF signalling, which regulates actin filament retention at the ZA