73 research outputs found
Generating pitches in transients by a percussive excitation
International audienceStudying the excitation by percussion in the musical instruments universe, we make known a musical application of the physical modelling for sound synthesis. We have managed to generate pitches in the sound percussions transients. The percussion model employs a time rheologic representation postulating the Newtonian mechanics
Scenarios for the Altamira cave CO2 concentration from 1950 to 2100
A data-driven approach insensitive to the initial conditions was developed to extract governing equations for the concentration of CO2 in the Altamira cave (Spain) and its two main drivers: the outside temperature and the soil moisture. This model was then reformulated in order to use satellite observations and meteorological predictions, as a forcing. The concentration of CO2 inside the cave was then investigated from 1950 to 2100 under various scenarios. It is found that extreme levels of CO2 were reached during the period 1950â1972 due to the massive affluence of visitors. It is demonstrated that it is possible to monitor the CO2 in the cave in real time using satellite information as an external forcing. For the future, it is shown that the maximum values of CO2 will exceed the levels reached during the 1980s and the 1990s when the CO2 introduced by the touristic visits, although intentionally reduced, still enhanced considerably the micro corrosion of walls and pigments.This work was supported by the French programs Les Enveloppes Fluides et lâEnvironnement (CNRS-INSU), DĂ©fi Infinity (CNRS) and Programme National de TĂ©lĂ©dĂ©tection Spatiale (CNRS-INSU), Spirale (IRD). This research was also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through project PID2019-110603RB-I00
Low dimensional chaotic models for the plague epidemic in Bombay (1896-1911)
A plague epidemic broke out in Bombay in 1896 and became endemic. From 1905 to 1911, the epidemic was closely monitored by an Advisory Committee appointed to investigate the causes of the disease in any way. An impressive quantity of information was gathered, analyzed and published. Published data include records of the number of people who died from plague, and of the two main populations of rodents which were infected by plague in Bombay city. In the present paper, these data are revisited using a global modeling technique. This technique is applied to both single and multivariate observational time series. Several models are obtained for which a chaotic behavior can be observed. Obtaining such models proves that the dynamics of plague can be approximated by low-dimensional deterministic systems that can produce chaos. The multivariate models give a strong argument for interactive couplings between the epidemic and the epizootics of the two main species of rat. An interpretation of this coupling is given
Modélisation globale et Caractérisation Topologique de dynamiques environnementales: de l'analyse des enveloppes fluides et du couvert de surface de la Terre à la caractérisation topolodynamique du chaos
Theory of chaos deals with deterministic behaviors that are unpredictable at long term. This theory modifies fundamentally our concept of determinism, and shows the need to develope new analysis and modeling approaches in order to account for this essential property. One of these approaches is the global modeling technique which aim is to obtain models directly from experimental data. One important objective of the present work is to introduce new tools devoted to this technique initiated in the 1990s and to show its potential for the study of environmental dynamics. After presenting several analyses of environmental dynamics based on more classicalapproaches, the important concepts of chaos theory are presented and the global modeling technique is introduced. Such technique can be validated only based on well identified dynamics. The robustness of the global modeling technique is then tested on various cases presenting an increasing level of difficulty, starting from the Rössler chaotic system which variables exhibit different levels of observability, then considering cases of associated and aggregated dynamics, and then performing a multiple variables analysis. The global modeling technique is then applied to analyze environmental behaviors based on observational data. Applied to the cycles of cereal cropsobserved from space in semi-arid regions, a global model is obtained. This model is chaotic, weakly dissipative, and exhibits the first case of toroidal structure obtained from real data. This result is then confirmed by obtaining several models presenting these properties. The potential of the global modeling technique is also successfully tested on other environmental domains in hydrology and in eco-epidemiology. During the last two decades, topology of chaos has proven to be a powerful tool to characterize dynamical behaviors in a non ambiguous fashion. Nonetheless, its application field remains restricted since it could be applied only to strongly dissipative 3-dimensional systems. Obtaining weakly dissipative models brought us to cope with this hard problem and to introduce a new approach to deal with it. Applied to the first weakly dissipative chaotic system introduced by Lorenz in 1984 and to the cereal crops model obtained here with the global modeling technique, the first analyses of weakly dissipative chaotic dynamics could be performed, revealing behaviors of locally bidirectional extension of the flow. This new approach was then generalized in order to test its ability in higher dimension. It was possible to obtain the skeletons of 4D-suspensions for the HĂ©non (1976) and the super-HĂ©non chaotic maps, and also for the 3D-walking-stick hyperchaotic map introduced by Rössler in 1979. These overall work and results show the strong potential of the global modeling technique and the topological approach to analyze in a very consistent manner environmental behaviors observed from space by remote sensing, and more generally any chaoticdynamics.La thĂ©orie du chaos concerne les comportements dĂ©terministes imprĂ©visibles Ă long terme. Cette thĂ©orie modifie fondamentalement notre conception du dĂ©terminisme et conduit Ă dĂ©velopper de nouvelles approches d'analyse et de modĂ©lisation permettant de prendre en compte cette propriĂ©tĂ©. L'une des approches ayant dĂ©coulĂ©e de cette thĂ©orie est la technique de modĂ©lisation globale qui permet de construire des modĂšles Ă partir de donnĂ©es observationnelles. Le premier objectif du prĂ©sent ouvrage est de prĂ©senter cette approche, de l'appliquer Ă l'Ă©tude des dynamiques environnementales, et d'en montrer le potentiel comme un tout d'une grande cohĂ©rence. AprĂšs avoir prĂ©sentĂ© quelques cas de dynamiques environnementales rencontrĂ©es au cours de notre parcours et Ă©tudiĂ©es en s'appuyant sur des outils plus classiques, nous prĂ©sentons les principaux concepts de la thĂ©orie du chaos et introduisons la technique de modĂ©lisation globale et certains de ses outils de validation. La validitĂ© de cette technique ne pouvant ĂȘtre testĂ©e qu'en se basant sur des dynamiques bien identifiĂ©es, la robustesse de l'approche est d'abord appliquĂ©e Ă diffĂ©rents cas d'Ă©cole lors d'Ă©tudes prĂ©sentant des niveaux de difficultĂ© croissants, partant de l'attracteur de Rössler dont les variables prĂ©sentent des niveaux d'observabilitĂ© diffĂ©rents, considĂ©rants ensuite des cas d'agrĂ©gation et d'association, pour finir par des cas d'analyses multi-variables. La technique est ensuite appliquĂ©e Ă l'Ă©tude de sĂ©ries environnementales observĂ©es en conditions rĂ©elles, en commençant par l'analyse du cycle des cultures cĂ©rĂ©aliĂšres en rĂ©gion semi-aride observĂ© par tĂ©lĂ©dĂ©tection spatiale. Ce cas d'application a permis d'obtenir le premier cas d'attracteur chaotique toroĂŻdal faiblement dissipatif qui soit directement issu de mesures rĂ©elles. Ce rĂ©sultat a ensuite pu ĂȘtre confirmĂ© par l'obtention de multiples modĂšles chaotiques permettant de confirmer ces propriĂ©tĂ©s. Le potentiel de la technique de modĂ©lisation globale est Ă©galement illustrĂ© avec succĂšs pour deux autres thĂ©matiques environnementales, en hydrologie nivale et en Ă©coĂ©pidĂ©miologie. Au cours des deux derniĂšres dĂ©cennies la topologie du chaos s'est rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e ĂȘtre un outil d'analyse sans Ă©quivalent pour caractĂ©riser et classer sans ambigĂŒitĂ© les comportements dynamiques. Son champ d'application reste toutefois trĂšs restreint puisque l'approche n'a pu ĂȘtre appliquĂ©e Ă ce jour qu'Ă des systĂšmes tridimensionnelsfortement dissipatifs. L'obtention de modĂšles chaotiques faiblement dissipatifs nous a permis de nous confronter Ă ce problĂšme reconnu particuliĂšrement ardu et de proposer une nouvelle approche d'analyse. AppliquĂ©e au premier systĂšme chaotique faiblement dissipatif introduit par Lorenz en 1984 et au modĂšle cereal crops obtenu par modĂ©lisation globale, l'approche a permis d'obtenir les premiĂšres analyses topologiques de telles dynamiques, mettant en Ă©vidence des comportementsd'Ă©tirements bidirectionnels locaux au sein de flots faiblement dissipatifs. L'approche a ensuite Ă©tĂ© gĂ©nĂ©ralisĂ©e et expĂ©rimentĂ©e sur des systĂšmes de plus grande dimension, permettant d'obtenir les "squelettes" de suspensions 4D pour les applications chaotiques de HĂ©non (introduite en 1976) et de super-HĂ©non (proposĂ©e ici), ainsi que pour l'application hyperchaotique 3D-walking-stick introduite par Rössler en 1979. L'ensemble de ces rĂ©sultats permet de montrer la grande cohĂ©rence etle fort potentiel de l'approche globale et de la caractĂ©risation topologique pour l'analyse des dynamiques chaotiques, et tout particuliĂšrement pour les comportements environnementaux observĂ©s par tĂ©lĂ©dĂ©tection spatiale
Analyse topologique de systĂšmes chaotiques faiblement dissipatifs : applications aux attracteurs Lorenz - 84 et cereal crops
International audienceAppliquee a la la dynamique des cultures cerealieres en zone semi-aride sur la base de mesures de r e ectance issues de la teledetection spatiale, la modelisation globale a recemment permis d'obtenir des modeles chaotiques dont les attracteurs presentent une strucuture complexe pour laquelle il n'existe que peu d'exemples theoriques et aucun directement issus d'observations. On se propose dans la presente etude de montrer qu'il s'agit d'un nouvel attracteur. Apporter une telle preuve necessite de satisfaire a des criteres precis [1] qui requierent l'extraction de la structure topologique de l'attracteur. Ce type d'analyse est difficile a appliquer a des systemes faiblement dissipatifs comme celui obtenu ici. On introduit donc dans la presente etude une approche de suivi de trajectoire par traceur colore permettant d'extraire la structure topologique (le gabarit) du present attracteur et l'on montre que sa structure est di erente de l'attracteur faiblement dissipatif decouvert par Lorenz en 1984
La grille Ouverte: Préface de Pierre Sauvanet
International audienceCollective musical improvisations are often based on a support called a chord progression which offers improvisers a reference and a framework. This common reference brings a specific cohesion between the improvisers for the exploration of sound spaces that free improvisation could not allow. But such a framework can also prove to be too restrictive. This led to the development of other modes of improvisation that offered more freedom. Various approaches have been proposed to describe the common reference - during the musical performance - enabling to escape the determinism of the improvised form. Most of the the techniques have relied on visual signs. An alternative approach is proposed here, based on sound: not a gesture, not a word, but sound signs, themselves musical. The open grid is a sound language intended to build - in real time and through sound - the common framework for improvisers. The signs of the open grid are not simple melody-signals or riffs as sometimes encountered, but real sound signs presenting plasticity, constituent elements of a protolanguage which offers malleability and discretion, conditions necessary for the musical context. And freedom being one of the objects of this approach, this language was designed to be usable in multiple ways: to be the word of the conductor, or on the contrary to become the common language for all the musicians of an ensemble. The book contains a CD where musical examples are presented. The open grid language is used there in real conditions.Les improvisations musicales collectives prennent souvent appui sur un support appelĂ© grille harmonique qui offre aux improvisateurs une rĂ©fĂ©rence et un cadre. Ce support commun apporte une cohĂ©sion spĂ©cifique entre les improvisateurs pour l'exploration d'espaces sonores que l'improvisation libre ne pourrait permettre. Mais un tel cadre peut aussi s'avĂ©rer trop contraignant. C'est ce qui a conduit au dĂ©veloppement d'autres modes d'improvisation offrant plus de libertĂ©. Diverses approches ont Ă©tĂ© proposĂ©es pour dĂ©crire â en cours de jeu â le rĂ©fĂ©rent commun et Ă©chapper ainsi au dĂ©terminisme de la forme improvisĂ©e. La plupart se sont appuyĂ©es sur des signes visuels. Une approche alternative est proposĂ©e ici, basĂ©e sur le son: pas un geste, pas un mot, mais des signes sonores, eux-mĂȘmes musicaux. La grille ouverte est un langage sonore destinĂ© Ă construire â en temps rĂ©el et par le son â le cadre commun aux improvisateurs. Les signes de la grille ouverte ne sont pas de simples thĂšmes-signaux ou riffs comme parfois rencontrĂ©s, mais de vĂ©ritables signes sonores dotĂ©s de plasticitĂ©, Ă©lĂ©ments constituants d'un protolangage qui offre mallĂ©abilitĂ© et discrĂ©tion, conditions nĂ©cessaires au contexte musical. Et la libertĂ© Ă©tant l'un des objets de cette approche, ce langage a Ă©tĂ© conçu pour ĂȘtre utilisable de multiples façons: ĂȘtre la parole du chef, ou au contraire devenir le langage commun Ă tous les musiciens d'un ensemble. Le livre contient un CD oĂč sont prĂ©sentĂ©s des exemples musicaux. Le langage de grille ouverte y est utilisĂ© en conditions rĂ©elles
Préface de Pierre Sauvanet
Les improvisations musicales collectives prennent souvent appui sur un support appelĂ© grille harmonique qui offre aux improvisateurs une rĂ©fĂ©rence et un cadre. Ce support commun apporte une cohĂ©sion spĂ©cifique entre les improvisateurs pour l'exploration d'espaces sonores que l'improvisation libre ne pourrait permettre. Mais un tel cadre peut aussi s'avĂ©rer trop contraignant. C'est ce qui a conduit au dĂ©veloppement d'autres modes d'improvisation offrant plus de libertĂ©. Diverses approches ont Ă©tĂ© proposĂ©es pour dĂ©crire â en cours de jeu â le rĂ©fĂ©rent commun et Ă©chapper ainsi au dĂ©terminisme de la forme improvisĂ©e. La plupart se sont appuyĂ©es sur des signes visuels. Une approche alternative est proposĂ©e ici, basĂ©e sur le son: pas un geste, pas un mot, mais des signes sonores, eux-mĂȘmes musicaux. La grille ouverte est un langage sonore destinĂ© Ă construire â en temps rĂ©el et par le son â le cadre commun aux improvisateurs. Les signes de la grille ouverte ne sont pas de simples thĂšmes-signaux ou riffs comme parfois rencontrĂ©s, mais de vĂ©ritables signes sonores dotĂ©s de plasticitĂ©, Ă©lĂ©ments constituants d'un protolangage qui offre mallĂ©abilitĂ© et discrĂ©tion, conditions nĂ©cessaires au contexte musical. Et la libertĂ© Ă©tant l'un des objets de cette approche, ce langage a Ă©tĂ© conçu pour ĂȘtre utilisable de multiples façons: ĂȘtre la parole du chef, ou au contraire devenir le langage commun Ă tous les musiciens d'un ensemble. Le livre contient un CD oĂč sont prĂ©sentĂ©s des exemples musicaux. Le langage de grille ouverte y est utilisĂ© en conditions rĂ©elles.Collective musical improvisations are often based on a support called a chord progression which offers improvisers a reference and a framework. This common reference brings a specific cohesion between the improvisers for the exploration of sound spaces that free improvisation could not allow. But such a framework can also prove to be too restrictive. This led to the development of other modes of improvisation that offered more freedom. Various approaches have been proposed to describe the common reference - during the musical performance - enabling to escape the determinism of the improvised form. Most of the the techniques have relied on visual signs. An alternative approach is proposed here, based on sound: not a gesture, not a word, but sound signs, themselves musical. The open grid is a sound language intended to build - in real time and through sound - the common framework for improvisers. The signs of the open grid are not simple melody-signals or riffs as sometimes encountered, but real sound signs presenting plasticity, constituent elements of a protolanguage which offers malleability and discretion, conditions necessary for the musical context. And freedom being one of the objects of this approach, this language was designed to be usable in multiple ways: to be the word of the conductor, or on the contrary to become the common language for all the musicians of an ensemble. The book contains a CD where musical examples are presented. The open grid language is used there in real conditions
Les variations basse fréquence du niveau de la Mer Méditerranée au cours de la deuxiÚme moitié du XXe siÚcle par altimétrie spatiale et marégraphie
TOULOUSE3-BU Sciences (315552104) / SudocSudocFranceF
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