Respuesta del trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Pro INTA Pigue a la aplicación de herbicidas post -emergentes

Se analizó el comportamiento de los herbicidas bromoxinil éster octanoico, 363 g. La.lba; 2,4-D éster butílico, 2oog. La.lba + piclorám sal potásica, 28,08g. La.lba; 2,4-D éster butílico, 200 g. La.lba + dicamba sal dimetil amina, 57,71 g. La.lba; dicamba sal dimetil amina, 57,71 g. La.lba + metsulfurón metil, 4,02 g. La.lba + 0,2% de humectante; terbutrina, 210g La.lba + triasulfur6n, 7 g i.a.zha + 0,2 % de humectante; metsulfur6n metil, 6 g i.a.zha + 0,2 % de humectante; y dicamba sal dimetil amina, ~7,7l g. i.a.zha + MePA sal sódica, 336 g i.a.lba, sobre trigo (Triticum aestivum L:) cv pro INTA Pigüé, aplicados en dos estadios; hinchazón del primordio de espiguillas en la porción central del embrión de la espiga (Nerson 4) y 5 días después de alcanzado el estado de espiguilla terminal diferenciada (Nerson 9). Las malezas no provocaron pérdidas de rendimiento en el cultivo, ni afectaron los componentes de rendimiento. Los distintos herbicidas ensayados mostraron igual comportamiento sobre el trigo entre sí en cada una de las épocas de aplicación y en promedio de las mismas. El rendimiento del cultivo disminuyó significativamente con aplicaciones de cualquiera de los herbicidas en el segundo estadio; el componente de rendimiento más afectado fue espígas/mz y se verificó una tendencia a menor cantidad de granos/espiga y peso de 1.000 granos.Director: Ing. Agr. Fernando D. García. Profesor Asociado, Cátedra de Terapéutica vegetal

Agricultura familiar no território Nordeste paraense.

Caracterização do território da cidadania do Nordeste paraense; Tipificação da agricultura familiar no Tenepa; O cenário da agricultura familiar no Tenepa; Uso de tecnologias para o desenvolvimento produtivo do território; Segurança alimentar e nutricional; Fruticultura; Açaí; Goiaba; Caju; Laranja; Relação entre as ações produtivas e os outros eixos do desenvolvimento sustentável; Perspectivas de ações futuras visando integrar ações: projetos, propostas e ações em andamento, articulados pelo Codeter; Parceria Embrapa Amazônia Oriental e Emater-Pará para transferência de tecnologias para agricultores familiares; Coodersus e Idam: prestadoras de serviços Ater no Tenepa.O livro originou dos trabalhos apresentados no I Encontro Nacional sobre Metodologias para Transferência de conhecimentos e Tecnologia para o Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável, Brasília, DF, 2011

Acceptance criteria for new approach methods in toxicology and human health-relevant life science research - part I

Every test procedure, scientific and non-scientific, has inherent uncertainties, even when performed according to a standard operating procedure (SOP). In addition, it is prone to errors, defects, and mistakes introduced by operators, laboratory equipment, or materials used. Adherence to an SOP and comprehensive validation of the test method cannot guarantee that each test run produces data within the acceptable range of variability and with the precision and accuracy determined during the method validation. We illustrate here (part I) why controlling the validity of each test run is an important element of experimental design. The definition and application of acceptance criteria (AC) for the validity of test runs is important for the setup and use of test methods, particularly for the use of new approach methods (NAM) in toxicity testing. AC can be used for decision rules on how to handle data, e.g., to accept the data for further use (AC fulfilled) or to reject the data (AC not fulfilled). The adherence to AC has important requirements and consequences that may seem surprising at first sight: (i) AC depend on a test method's objectives, e.g., on the types/concentrations of chemicals tested, the regulatory context, the desired throughput; (ii) AC are applied and documented at each test run, while validation of a method (including the definition of AC) is only performed once; (iii) if AC are altered, then the set of data produced by a method can change. AC, if missing, are the blind spot of quality assurance: Test results may not be reliable and comparable. The establishment and uses of AC will be further detailed in part II of this series.Toxicolog

High cellular monocyte activation in people living with human immunodeficiency virus on combination antiretroviral therapy and lifestyle-matched controls is associated with greater inflammation in cerebrospinal fluid

Background. Increased monocyte activation and intestinal damage have been shown to be predictive for the increased morbidity and mortality observed in treated people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). Methods. A cross-sectional analysis of cellular and soluble markers of monocyte activation, coagulation, intestinal damage, and inflammation in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of PLHIV with suppressed plasma viremia on combination antiretroviral therapy and age and demographically comparable HIV-negative individuals participating in the Comorbidity in Relation to AIDS (COBRA) cohort and, where appropriate, age-matched blood bank donors (BBD). Results. People living with HIV, HIV-negative individuals, and BBD had comparable percentages of classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes. Expression of CD163, CD32, CD64, HLA-DR, CD38, CD40, CD86, CD91, CD11c, and CX3CR1 on monocytes did not differ between PLHIV and HIV-negative individuals, but it differed significantly from BBD. Principal component analysis revealed that 57.5% of PLHIV and 62.5% of HIV-negative individuals had a high monocyte activation profile compared with 2.9% of BBD. Cellular monocyte activation in the COBRA cohort was strongly associated with soluble markers of monocyte activation and inflammation in the CSF. Conclusions. People living with HIV and HIV-negative COBRA participants had high levels of cellular monocyte activation compared with age-matched BBD. High monocyte activation was predictive for inflammation in the CSF

Factors Affecting Sentinel Node Metastasis in Thin (T1) Cutaneous Melanomas: Development and External Validation of a Predictive Nomogram

PURPOSE Thin melanomas (T1; ≤ 1 mm) constitute 70% of newly diagnosed cutaneous melanomas. Regional node metastasis determined by sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is an important prognostic factor for T1 melanoma. However, current melanoma guidelines do not provide clear indications on when to perform SNB in T1 disease and stress an individualized approach to SNB that considers all clinicopathologic risk factors. We aimed to identify determinants of sentinel node (SN) status for incorporation into an externally validated nomogram to better select patients with T1 disease for SNB. PATIENTS AND METHODS The development cohort comprised 3,666 patients with T1 disease consecutively treated at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori (Milan, Italy) between 2001 and 2018; 4,227 patients with T1 disease treated at 13 other European centers over the same period formed the validation cohort. A random forest procedure was applied to the development data set to select characteristics associated with SN status for inclusion in a multiple binary logistic model from which a nomogram was elaborated. Decision curve analyses assessed the clinical utility of the nomogram. RESULTS Of patients in the development cohort, 1,635 underwent SNB; 108 patients (6.6%) were SN positive. By univariable analysis, age, growth phase, Breslow thickness, ulceration, mitotic rate, regression, and lymphovascular invasion were significantly associated with SN status. The random forest procedure selected 6 variables (not growth phase) for inclusion in the logistic model and nomogram. The nomogram proved well calibrated and had good discriminative ability in both cohorts. Decision curve analyses revealed the superior net benefit of the nomogram compared with each individual variable included in it as well as with variables suggested by current guidelines. CONCLUSION We propose the nomogram as a decision aid in all patients with T1 melanoma being considered for SNB

Nutraceutical therapies for atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting large and medium arteries and is considered to be a major underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the development of pharmacotherapies to treat CVD has contributed to a decline in cardiac mortality in the past few decades, CVD is estimated to be the cause of one-third of deaths globally. Nutraceuticals are natural nutritional compounds that are beneficial for the prevention or treatment of disease and, therefore, are a possible therapeutic avenue for the treatment of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this Review is to highlight potential nutraceuticals for use as antiatherogenic therapies with evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies. Furthermore, the current evidence from observational and randomized clinical studies into the role of nutraceuticals in preventing atherosclerosis in humans will also be discussed

Validation of a Novel Multivariate Method of Defining HIV-Associated Cognitive Impairment

Background. The optimum method of defining cognitive impairment in virally suppressed people living with HIV is unknown. We evaluated the relationships between cognitive impairment, including using a novel multivariate method (NMM), patientreported outcome measures (PROMs), and neuroimaging markers of brain structure across 3 cohorts.Methods. Differences in the prevalence of cognitive impairment, PROMs, and neuroimaging data from the COBRA, CHARTER, and POPPY cohorts (total n = 908) were determined between HIV-positive participants with and without cognitive impairment defined using the HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), global deficit score (GDS), and NMM criteria.Results. The prevalence of cognitive impairment varied by up to 27% between methods used to define impairment (eg, 48% for HAND vs 21% for NMM in the CHARTER study). Associations between objective cognitive impairment and subjective cognitive complaints generally were weak. Physical and mental health summary scores (SF-36) were lowest for NMM-defined impairment (P<.05). There were no differences in brain volumes or cortical thickness between participants with and without cognitive impairment defined using the HAND and GDS measures. In contrast, those identified with cognitive impairment by the NMM had reduced mean cortical thickness in both hemispheres (P<.05), as well as smaller brain volumes (P<.01). The associations with measures of white matter microstructure and brain-predicted age generally were weaker.Conclusion. Different methods of defining cognitive impairment identify different people with varying symptomatology and measures of brain injury. Overall, NMM-defined impairment was associated with most neuroimaging abnormalities and poorer selfreported health status. This may be due to the statistical advantage of using a multivariate approach