Prévention - Alcool - Route (un programme éducatif d'accompagnement sanitaire à la répression pour les conduites sous l'emprise d'un état alcoolique)

TOURS-BU Médecine (372612103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocTOURS-Inst.Eur.Hist.Alimentation (372615207) / SudocSudocFranceF

Biopurification of air containing a low concentration of TEX: comparison of removal efficiency using planted and non-planted biofilters

International audienceBACKGROUND: Underground car parks are confined spaces where traffic generates many pollutants such as toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (TEX) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The objective of this work was to evaluate the removal efficiency of low concentrations of TEX using planted and non-planted biofilters. Two pilot-scale units of biofiltration were set up. The gaseous mixture was generated to obtain a total TEX concentration of 600 µg m−3. Elimination performance of both biofilters was monitored for 96 days. Microbial behavior and the potential capacity to degrade the NOx, were investigated. RESULTS: The removal efficiency (RE) was 30% in the non-planted and 15% in the planted biofilter at day 3. The RE decreased more rapidly in planted biofilter than in non-planted until nutrient addition at day 77. Consequently, the RE increased to 70% in both reactors. The potential for carbon mineralization was higher than those found in soils. The denitrification activity indicated good conditions for synthesis and maintenance of the denitrifying enzyme pool in the mound of soil. This suggested that NOx could also be treated in such a system. CONCLUSION: The efficiency of the planted biofilters in removing TEX was evaluated and found to have good potential for improving air quality. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industr

Faster speed at the expense of arm-trunk coordination during reaching in chronic spastic stroke patients

International audienceBackground. The velocity of reaching movements is often reduced in patients with stroke-related hemiparesis; however,they are able to voluntarily increase paretic hand velocity. Previous studies have proposed that faster speed improvesmovement quality. Objective. To investigate the combined effects of reaching distance and speed instruction on trunk andparetic upper-limb coordination. The hypothesis was that increased speed would reduce elbow extension and increasecompensatory trunk movement. Methods. A single session study in which reaching kinematics were recorded in a groupof 14 patients with spastic hemiparesis. A 3-dimensional motion analysis system was used to track the trajectories of 5reflective markers fixed on the finger, wrist, elbow, acromion, and sternum. The reaching movements were performedto 2 targets at 60% and 90% arm length, respectively, at preferred and maximum velocity. The experiment was repeatedwith the trunk restrained by a strap. Results. All the patients were able to voluntarily increase reaching velocity. In thetrunk free, faster speed condition, elbow extension velocity increased but elbow extension amplitude decreased and trunkmovement increased. In the trunk restraint condition, elbow extension amplitude did not decrease with faster speed.Seven patients scaled elbow extension and elbow extension velocity as a function of reach distance, the other 7 mainlyincreased trunk compensation with increased task constraints. There were no clear clinical characteristics that couldexplain this difference. Conclusions. Faster speed may encourage some patients to use compensation. Individual indicationsfor therapy could be based on a quantitative analysis of reaching coordination

Regulation of early folliculogenesis

National audienc

Prenatal diagnosis of Niemann-Pick type C disease: Current strategy from an experience of 37 pregnancies at risk

Thirty-seven pregnancies at risk for Niemann-Pick type C disease were monitored by study of cultured amniotic fluid cells (8 cases) or chorionic villus cells (29 cases) in 23 couples over the period 1984–91. An early protocol combined determination of sphingomyelinase activity with electron microscopy. The current strategy, based on the demonstration of specific abnormalities in intracellular processing of exogenous cholesterol, combines the study of the early phase (first 6 h) of LDL-induced cholesteryl ester formation and the histochemical evaluation (filipin staining after 24 h of LDL uptake) of the LDL-induced accumulation of unesterified cholesterol. Thirteen fetuses were predicted to be affected. Confirmation of the diagnosis was made by study of cholesterol processing in fetal skin fibroblast cultures and/or by demonstration of a characteristic lipid storage in fetal liver, already present at 14 w gestation. Definition of the biochemical phenotype (classical, variant, or intermediate) of the index case, with regard to cholesterol-processing abnormalities, is an absolute prerequisite to adequate genetic counseling in a given family. Prenatal diagnosis has now proved a safe procedure in the predominant (approximately 85%) group of families with the classical phenotype

Mafic chemistry and mineralogy (including olivine) of the coarse-grained regolith analyzed by SuperCam at Jezero crater, Mars

International audienceOn February 18, 2021 NASAs Perseverance rover landed in Jezero Crater where the floor consists of various rock lithologies and abundant regolith. Using the rovers imagery and the LIBS and VISIR spectroscopies from SuperCam, we focus on the chemistry and mineralogy of coarse-grained regolith. Such regolith has been observed all along the rover traverse since the landing: it is widespread either on flat surfaces/rocks or in aeolian ripples. This coarse regolith is composed of rounded granules rather homogeneous in size (~1-2 mm), shape (nearly isotropic) and color. Some VISIR spectra are highly consistent with the presence of olivine in the regolith. No hydration band is detected, and no H is detected by LIBS, suggesting that this olivine is rather pristine. SuperCam LIBS has a laser spot size of 300 mm and is operated by performing rasters of up to 10 sampling points, each accumulating up to 50 laser shots. Combining high-resolution RMI images with microphone recordings during the laser shots, we can assess whether the LIBS laser sampled dust/fine sand or granules during the shot series, and if the laser significantly ablates a granule. Careful analysis of the LIBS spectra and derived chemical compositions, including comparison with data from calibration targets and shot to shot variability, reveal the presence at the LIBS spot size of (i) olivine only, (ii) olivine and andesine mixtures, and (iii) other assemblages including the former and/or other minerals such as pyroxenes. Most olivine grains are Fo# 60-75, but locally some grains may be lower Fo#; they all exhibit low content of Cr and Mn, Ni is below detection limit. Interestingly, this coarse regolith displays a different chemistry and mineralogy compared to the surrounding rocks raising questions about its provenance. The rover is currently making its way toward the adjacent Seitah unit which is a possible source as it may contain olivine based on orbital data. There are also some differences in composition between these granules and the finer fractions of the regolith. All these data will be compared to orbital data and observations by Curiosity on similar coarse-grained regolith at Gale crater. They will also be discussed in light of knowledge from Martian meteorites to place constraints on the formation of olivine and magmatic processes on Mars